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“COUNTRY WATER PARTNERSHIP” NGO “LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLANS OF ACTION” Authors: This material was developed by the “Country Water Partnership” NGO This material was developed by „Country Water Partnership“ NGO within the framework of „Climate Forum East II“ (CFE II) Program. The Program is financed by the European Union, Austrian Development Cooperation and the Austrian Red Cross Society. The contents of this study are the sole responsibility of „Country Water Partnership“ NGO and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Copies of all or part of this material may be made for non-commercial use, providing the source is acknowledged. “Country Water Partnership” NGO, Armenian Red Cross Society and CFE II would appreciate receiving details of this use. Requests for reproduction should be directed to [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected] Preliminary Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation at Local Level Margahovit Rural Community, Lori Marz, RA RA Lori marz Margahovit rural community is situated in Aghstev river basin, at 1760m height above sea level. Total area is 7725 hectares. Population is 3824. The main occupation is agriculture: vegetable crops growing and animal rearing. Margahovit sanctuary, having various types of forests, with their typical fauna (roe deer, brown bear, Caucasian gray hen, etc.) , is situated in the community administration area. The community is located in a region having a humid climate, and even slight climatic changes lead to significant changes in ecosystems. Climate Change tendency assessment at community level is developed on the bases of social surveys, observations and opinions of administrative heads, community council, corresponding specialists, the community does not have corresponding observation stations to develop long-term data on temperature and precipitation. In Margahovit community the vulnerability assessment towards Climate Change has been implemented in the following disciplines: Agriculture and community infrastructures, Natural ecosystems, Water and land resources, Public health. In Margahovit community Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan was developed in a participatory manner. The table below, show CCAAP primary action plan, which is planned to be involved in the community development four- year plan. It will allow the local population to adapt to the existing or upcomming Climate Change, mitigate the adverse impact of Climate Change and to strengthen the positive influence. Climate Change Proposed Actions Influence Range and proposed preliminary AP primary actions Definition of optimal areas for trash Infrastructures 1.Solid system bins installation in the community Waste disposal and mapping. establishment Acquisition and installation of trash Challenges Goal M/U/ Quantity Lack of trash bins resulted that the community dwellers used the household and industrial garbage (plastic tanks, plastic bags, and other synthetic and harmful stuff used in households) A part of the organic garbage that is not utilized in households will not be used as fuel and will not be turned to a burning 75 000 1pcs trash bin and improvement trash fields of bins. Raising awareness on solid waste disposal and garbage burning. Cleaning and improvement of trash fields. as fuel, emitting large quantities of persistent organic pollutants, dioxins and nitrofuras into environment. Burning of garbage with chemical consistency brings to atmosphere pollution and the emitted harmful gases artificially raise the temperature of the lower layer of the atmosphere. garbage. The community will be more improved, as an anthropogenic landscape, and the population healthier. Ordering and purcurement of a solar heater. Installation and regulation of the solar heater. Traditional methods of power generation contributed to the growth of emissions harmful substances, which in turn led to a rise in temperature of the atmosphere. The community kindergarten is not equipped with hot water, which leads to sanitary and health problems among children attending the kindergarten. The amount of harmful substances emitted to atmosphere will be mitigated, when the solar heaters are installed. Alternative way of power generation will save electricity. The sanitation and health issues thus will be addressed. Dismantling of the inclined r/c ring by crane (1 pcs) Concrete reinforcement of the r/c ring bases (0.22 m3) Installation of r/c ring with crane (1 pcs) Construction of concrete threshold (5.6 m3) Construction of concrete rails (0.12 m3) Digging of anti- flood bases. (1.28 m3) Construction of concrete anti-flood support (2.56 m3) Earth works: Preparation of gabion placing bases. (4.8 m3) The intense rains in the communities led to the growth of the landslide, mudflow phenomena, that are especially active for two drainpipes. It is also contributed by the community location; it has lower elevation than the drainpipes on slopes. Prevent the deconstruction of the drainpipes by their reconstruction, thus protect the community from the further landslides and flooding. Infrastructures Ecosystem protection (atmosphere protection, natural resource conservation) 2. Installation of a solar heating system on the community kinder garden roof, as an alternative energy source Ecosystems protection Natural disasters reduction risk 3.Fixing of collapsing hillsides caused by landslides (drainpipes fastening) 15 kW/h 1 pcs Reinforcement of the outflow right part with gabion placing, 1 series (12.5 m3) The same on the left side (8.5 m3) Public Health 4. Construct and operate the water chlorination station Infrastructures, Ecosystem protection (Atmosphere, natural resources preservation) Water supply system study Construction of a special building for the chlorination station Conduction of an el. network, Acquisition, installation, operation and regulation of the chlorination device, Training of the corresponding staff and hiring. The outbreaks of water-related diseases frequency has grown in the community during the recent years, as a result of inadequate water quality. Chlorination is not conducted. The capacity of the daily regulation reservoirs (DRR) is 500 m3(Annex 1). The capacity of the fresh water supply by seasons: March- September- 20 l/ sec, September- November 12 l/ sec. November – March - 7 l/sec. During the recent years, Margahovit community water supply system water sampling is periodically conducted by Lori regional center of State Health Inspection of Ministry of Health of Armenia. The inspection reports on the conducted studies have shown that there are deviations from the sanitary norms under “FRESH WATER: WATER SUPPLY CENTERILIZED SYSTEM WATER QUALITY HYGENIC REGULATIONS. WATER QUALITY CONTROL” N 2-III-Ա 2-1. The references of the RA Ministry of Health different institutions directed to the community during the recent months can be seen as attachments (Annex 3 Margahovit). The community dwellers health risks and different pathogenic bacteria infection risks will be reduced in Margahovit community, through drinking water chlorination. Ordering of solar energy systems, Installation and utilization of Solar systems. Traditional methods of power generation contributed to the growth of emissions harmful substances, which in turn led to a rise in temperature of the atmosphere. The lack of light causes discomfort to the community dwellers. Solar energy systems installation will reduce the quantity of harmful gases emitted to atmosphere. Alternative energy sources will save energy and will become a free source of energy. Community lights will lead to improved and safe livelihood for locals. 5.Provision of the community street lights through alternative energy sources Ecosystem protection Water protection Agriculture resources Sewerage system study, Sewerage network study, Construction of a sewerage treatment plant (new technology) 6. Construction of a sewerage system (sewerage network and a treatment plant) Community school, kindergarten, culture house, polyclinics and community administration building are not equipped with a sewerage system, which leads to health issues among the locals. The whole sewerage water generated in the community directly flows into Aghstev river, which is Debet river tributary. The latter is a trans boundary river. Improve the sanitaryhygienic state of the community. Protect the river ecosystem. Use the treated waste water as an alternative water resource. Follow the water use ethics as a country located in the upper stream of the river. RA Lori Marz, Mets Parni Community RA Lori marz Mets Parni rural community is situated in Pambak river basin, at 1760m height above sea level. Total area is 54.09 km2. Population is 2330. The main occupation is agriculture. Trchkan waterfall is situated in the specially protected zone in the community administration area, which is considered as a natural monument in Armenia and is the highest waterfall, reaching up to 23.5 meters. Climate Change tendency assessment at community level is developed on the bases of social surveys, observations and opinions of administrative heads, community council, corresponding specialists, the community does not have corresponding observation stations to develop long-term data on temperature and precipitation. The community is located in a temperate continental climate region, where the climate system is formed by vertical zoning and even slight climatic changes lead to significant changes in ecosystems. In Mets Parni community the vulnerability assessment towards Climate Change has been implemented in the following disciplines: Agriculture and community infrastructures, Natural ecosystems, Water and land resources, Public health. In Mets Parni community Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan was developed in a participatory manner. The table below, show CCAAP primary action plan, which is planned to be involved in the community development four- year plan. It will allow the local population to adapt to the existing or upcomming Climate Change, mitigate the adverse impact of Climate Change and to strengthen the positive influence. Climate Change Influence Range and proposed preliminary AP primary actions Proposed Actions Definition of optimal areas for trash bins installation in the Environment protection community and mapping. 1. 1.Solid Waste disposal Acquisition and installation of 40 trash bins. system establishment and Raising awareness on solid waste improvement of trash fields disposal and garbage burning. Cleaning and improvement of trash fields. Ecosystem protection Reduction of nature disaster risks 2. Prevention of slops lands degradation and erosion Maintenance of Community slopes 30 hectares pasture lands, Spring purchase, as a means for seeding and planting Challenges Goal Lack of trash bins resulted that the community dwellers used the household and industrial garbage (plastic tanks, plastic bags, and other synthetic and harmful stuff used in households) as fuel, emitting large quantities of persistent organic pollutants, dioxins and nitrofuras into environment. Burning of garbage with chemical consistency brings to atmosphere pollution and the emitted harmful gases artificially raise the temperature of the lower layer of the atmosphere. A part of the organic garbage that is not utilized in households will not be used as fuel and will not be turned to a burning garbage. The community will be more improved, as an anthropogenic landscape, and the population healthier. 1 pcs is AMD 35 000 (VAT excluded) / 40 trash bins Cleaning of garbage areas Reinforcement of slopes lands and spring planting will lead to community slopes 30 hectare pasture lands recovery, fertile restoration and reduction of erosion risk. 30 hectare / 1pcs AMD 110 000 As a result of climate changes and nonefficient leading of agriculture during the recent years, the community slopes pasture lands degradation was strengthened. Intense and heavy rains resulted in activation of erosion. Because of lack of water the areal lands were M/U/ Quantity turned to pasture lands (3-4 class lands). The later turned to sparse vegetation lands, as a result of irregular grazing, leading to erosion risks. Ecosystems protection Natural disasters reduction risk 3.Preparation of gabions for prevention of river flooding and protection of household lands. Nursery establishment Purchase of appropriate seedlings. Seedlings planting and watering. 4. Nursery establishment Infrastructures, protection Ecosystem (Atmosphere, natural resources preservation) 5.Provision community of street the lights During the recent years, the climate change resulted in elimination of river flooding. The water flows off the banks causing great damage to buildings and residential lands (water covered 8 hectare lands and 4-5 houses were filled with water): Gabion installation, as an antiflooding means, will foster prevention of river flooding, which will lead to prevention/ reduction of damages. 400 m length, 1m layer Procurement of networks Remuneration Community input Ecosystem protection Procurement of special networks for gabion placing. Preparation of gabions: filling the networks with stones and installation. Ordering of solar energy systems, Installation and utilization of Solar systems. The arid climate of the community results in high temperature and high temperature amplitude. There are merely no forests in the community, only some layers of artificial woods. There is a very little quantity of fruit trees and trees bought from lower zones, do not adapt in higher zones- the trees either do not grow or have low yield. Establishment of a cold zone nursery will help to mitigate the arid climate and to plant more adaptable tree species, which will help to better organize the process of landscaping, as well as supplying seedlings to neighboring communities. Traditional methods of power generation contributed to the growth of emissions harmful substances, which in turn led to a rise in temperature of the atmosphere. The lack of light causes discomfort to the community dwellers. Solar energy systems installation will reduce the quantity of harmful gases emitted to atmosphere. Alternative energy sources will save energy and will become a free source of energy. Community lights will lead to improved and safe livelihood for locals. 3000 hectare (drip irrigation and fencing )5000 hectare area (no irrigation and fencing) Establishment of nursery, purchase of seedlings through alternative energy sources Ecosystems protection risk Natural disasters reduction Preparation of anti-hail networks. Installation of anti- hail networks. 6. Protection from hail Cultivation of high-value crops Ecosystem protection Agriculture 6. Irrigation reconstruction construction system and Irrigation system study. Irrigation system reconstruction. Irrigation system construction. During the last 10 years, the frequency of hail and strong winds became more higher in the communities as a result of CC. Specifically, the agriculture was damaged the most from the natural disasters (I hampers the growth of high value crops), which negative impact on the social state of the population. The community is equipped with two hail stations, which are not enough for protection the lands from hail and are not effective for CC (they artificially cause excess temperature rise in atmosphere). Establishment of hail networks, which is a more effective means to avoid hailing. High value crops will positively impact the social state of population. The community irrigation system is corrupted, there are massive leakages and the irrigation is not effective. The community is not totally equipped with an irrigation network, the household plots are irrigated with fresh water. Irrigation system improvement will allow to cut the amount of leakages and to save water. RA Lori marz, Basen Rural Community RA Shirak marz Basen rural community is situated in Pambak Mountain slopes, at at 1650 m height above sea level. Population is 1775, 459 households in total. The population is engaged in animal husbandry, poultry, potatoes, flax, cereals, fodder, vegetables cultivation, beekeeping. Basen community is located in a temperate continental climate region, where the climate system is formed by vertical zoning and even slight climatic changes lead to significant changes in ecosystems. Climate Change tendency assessment at community level is developed on the bases of social surveys, observations and opinions of administrative heads, community council, corresponding specialists, the community does not have corresponding observation stations to develop long-term data on temperature and precipitation. In Basen community the vulnerability assessment towards Climate Change has been implemented in the following disciplines: Agriculture and community infrastructures, Natural ecosystems, Water and land resources, Public health. In Basen community Climate Change Adaptation Action Plan was developed in a participatory manner. The table below, show CCAAP primary action plan, which is planned to be involved in the community development four- year plan. It will allow the local population to adapt to the existing or upcomming Climate Change, mitigate the adverse impact of Climate Change and to strengthen the positive influence. Climate Change Influence Range and proposed preliminary AP primary actions Public Health 4. Construct and operate the water chlorination station Proposed Actions Challenges Water supply system study Construction of a special building for the chlorination station Conduction of an el. network, Acquisition, installation, operation and regulation of the chlorination device, Training of the corresponding The outbreaks of water-related diseases frequency has grown in the community during the recent years, as a result of inadequate water quality. Chlorination is not conducted. The capacity of the daily regulation reservoirs (DRR) is 500 m3(Annex 1). The capacity of the fresh water supply by seasons: Goal The activity aims to reduce Basen community dwellers health risks and different pathogenic bacteria infection risks, through drinking water chlorination. M/U/ Quantity staff and hiring. March- September- 20 l/ sec, September- November 12 l/ sec. November – March - 7 l/sec. During the recent years, Margahovit community water supply system water sampling is periodically conducted by Lori regional center of State Health Inspection of Ministry of Health of Armenia. The inspection reports on the conducted studies have shown that there are deviations from the sanitary norms under “FRESH WATER: WATER SUPPLY CENTERILIZED SYSTEM WATER QUALITY HYGENIC REGULATIONS. WATER QUALITY CONTROL” N 2-III-Ա 2-1. The references of the RA Ministry of Health different institutions directed to the community during the recent months can be seen as attachments (Annex 2). The most part of Basen community water line (about 7km) is constructed with asbestos pipes. A part of it, about 240m (Annex 3) is stretching through the gulch and is severely endangered during spring and autumn floods. The community pipeline diameter is 250mm. The goal is to improve a part of Basen community water line, enhance its stability and security level. Reconstruction of the most risky part of Basen community water line Construct a pipeline support column system through the gulch (50-60 support columns, total length 150m, diameter 100mm). Purchase water polyethylene pipe with 240m length and 250mm. Polyethylene pipes fixing and study of the 240m water line part. Polyethylene pipes fixing and construction of the 240m water line part. Construction of two observation wells. Agriculture Ecosystem protection Establishment of 1hectare berry garden with trellised system. The community is not equipped with an irrigation system; the household plots There is approximately 1 hectare arid land in the community, where Public health Prevention of Emergency Development of strawberries Natural disaster reduction are irrigated with drinking water. The traditional way of irrigation is not effective, as for high evapotranspiration level. During the last 10 years, the frequency of hail and strong winds became more higher in the communities as a result of CC. Specifically, the agriculture was damaged the most from the natural disasters (I hampers the growth of high value crops), which negative impact on the social state of the population. The community is equipped with two hail stations, which are not enough for protection the lands from hail and are not effective for CC (they artificially cause excess temperature rise in atmosphere). it is needed to establish a climate resistant cultivation demonstration site using new methods and technologies, to show, that there is possibility to tend for high profit from cultivation, even in this climate conditions. Definition of optimal areas for trash bins installation in the community and mapping. Acquisition and installation of 40 trash bins. Raising awareness on solid waste disposal and garbage burning. Cleaning and improvement of trash fields. Waste management is one of the key issues in Armenia. Especially in the rural communities, where the most part of garbage is being burned emitting large quantities of persistent organic pollutants, dioxins and nitrofuras into environment. The project goal is to develop a waste management system and raise awareness of population on the harmfull effects of garbage burning in Shirak marz Basen rural community. The community will be more improved, as an anthropogenic landscape, and the population healthier. Definition of most windy areas and topographic studies. Earth leveling and drilling. Seedlings acquisition and tree planting. Establishment of seedlings Winds highly impact on Basen community climate conditions and agriculture. There are a lot of areas that are not cultivated because of strong winds. The activity aims to establish field protection forestry, which will reduce the wind intensiveness, thus allowing to cultivate the agricultural lands and profit. risks cultivation plots in mini tunnel Agriculture 3.Establishment of Climate resistant cultivation demonstration sites type green houses and mulches. Establishment of a drip irrigation system. Establishment of hail protection network. Conduction of studies on cultivation new technologies. Installation of hail protection network. 4.Anti-hail activities , high value crops preservation Environment protection 5. Development of Waste management system in Basen community and improvement of landfills Ecosystems protection Agriculture Establishment of field Hail networks is a better means for combating against hailing, as a result it will ensure to cultivate high value crops in a more effective way. Cultivation of high value crops will positively impact on the social state of the population. protection forestry in the mostly endangered parts of Basen community protection and sustainability mechanisms.