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Download NSS Physics Curriculum - VII Atomic World Intention Intention Intention
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NSS Physics Curriculum - VII Atomic World Intention # An extension of the learning of atomic model in compulsory part and a “feel” of recent development regarding the tiny atomic world # Intention of the elective topic # Line of thought in developing the elective topic # Content of the elective topic # In search of atomic structure # Limitation in learning and teaching the elective topic # The advance of nano science and nano technology Science Education Section Curriculum Development Institute, EDB 20091105 20091105 1 20091105 2 Intention Intention # elementary concepts in Quantum Mechanics, e.g. # Basic knowledge in nano science, e.g. Rutherford’s atomic model physical properties of materials of nano size photoelectric effect the work of transmission electron microscope line spectrum the work of scanning tunnelling microscopes Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen recent development in nano technology … energy levels wave-particle duality… 3 20091105 4 Line of Thought Line of Thought # A historical approach # Emphasis on the differences between macroscopic and microscopic worlds physics knowledge is evolving and based on evidence a new knowledge / model always led by the breakthrough of a new idea, a new method of enquiry, a new discovery or advance of technology 20091105 5 wave-particle duality against unique nature probabilistic against determinate, etc 20091105 6 Line of Thought a. Rutherford’s atomic model # Applications of wave-particle duality and probabilistic nature of atomic world (in the scale of 10-9m) # A brief history of the development of atomic model from ancient time to present # A brief understanding of J. J. Thomson’s “plum-pudding” model of atom # Simplified working principles of tools to see the particles, a demonstration of the impact of advanced technology to scientific discovery # The discrepancy revealed from the scattering experiment performed by Geiger and Marsden (Rutherford’s scattering experiment) # Impacts on our society: gradually “common” in our daily life and the potential hazards to our society and health # How the results lead a new atomic model 20091105 7 20091105 8 a. Rutherford’s atomic model b. Photoelectric effect # The limitations of Rutherford’s model # Photoelectric effect and the results, e.g. spectral lines, why certain elements could emit X-ray and only a few elements seemed to be unstable the I-V characteristic curve, threshold frequency and stopping voltage # Einstein’s interpretation by use of particle nature of light and photoelectric equation # Assumptions Einstein made in accounting for the photoelectric results # The influence / impact of the methodology used to study further structure of atom and the search of new particles 20091105 9 20091105 10 b. Photoelectric effect c. Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen # Physical meaning of each parameter in the photoelectric equation # The absorption and emission spectra # Differences between continuous and line spectra. # Intensity of light in terms of number of “photons” at a given frequency # Why and what the scientists puzzled by these line spectra observed # Photoelectric effect as an evidence of particle nature of light # The limitation of classical mechanics to explain the existence of line spectra 20091105 11 20091105 12 c. Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen c. Bohr’s atomic model of hydrogen # The postulates proposed by Bohr for his hydrogen model # Limitations of Bohr’s atomic model # How and why electron-volt is commonly used to describe the energy of an electron (or the atom) # How some of the postulates lead the quantum view of the atomic world, e.g. quantisation in energy (angular momentum) # Planck’s constant and use of electron-volt (eV), ionisation and excitation energies # Mathematical expression of energy level of an electron and its account for line spectra # Some applications of the line spectra, such as to determine the elements included in a light source 20091105 13 20091105 d. Particles and waves e. Probing into nano scale # de Broglie formula λ=h/p # Different forms (nano particles, fullerenes, nano tube and nano wire) and physical properties of nano size materials, carbon as an example # Evidences to show electrons demonstrate properties of wave, e.g. and diffraction (interference) of a beam of electrons # Simplified models of TEM and STM, and to demonstrate how they work # Elaboration of the role of de Broglie formula on how it relates the particle and wave properties of electron (as well as the macroscopic and microscopic views of our understanding of matter) 20091105 14 # Estimation of anode voltage of TEM for a beam of electrons of a certain amount of momentum # The advantages of using TEM and STM instead of optical microscope 15 20091105 16 e. Probing into nano scale e. Probing into nano scale # Applications of nano materials in our daily life, with brief explanation of the working principles, e.g. # The use of wave properties of electron as the breakthrough for greater distinction of two objects (resolution), Rayleigh criterion Θ= 1.22λ/d # The use of probability wave of electrons in STM, another breakthrough to probe into the atomic world impermeability of gas water-repellence transparency # Details and issues regarding the impact to our environment and body in using nano materials (potential hazards and safety concerns) # Way forward of nano science and nano technology 20091105 17 20091105 Limitations Similar Curricula Overseas # Meaning of quantisation of angular momentum of an electron and activities to learn the concept # Differences between probability wave and matter wave # Practical activities # Some sub-topics would be descriptive instead of analytical 20091105 18 IB UK (GCSE, GCE AS / AL NSW (HSC) Alberta (Science 10 – 12) Ontario (Grade 11 – 12) Mainland a. Atomic model 9 9 9 9 9 9 b. Photoelectric effect 9 9 9 9 9 9 c. Bohr model 9 9 9 9 9 d. Particles & waves 9 9 9 9 9 e. Nano scale 19 20091105 20