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Chapter 5 Practice Multiple Choice (PMC)
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Section 5-1 Origins of Life
____ 1. Evidence for the evolution of life comes from all of the following except
a. chemical experiments.
b. fossils.
c. chemical analysis of ancient rocks and core samples.
d. the Bible.
____ 2. Which of the following best describe biologists' current hypothesis about the production of
the earth's atmospheric oxygen?
a. Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants produced atmospheric oxygen.
b. The breakdown of iron ore deposits produced atmospheric oxygen.
c. Photosynthesis by cyanobacteria produced atmospheric oxygen.
d. Chemosynthesis by terrestrial plants produced atmospheric oxygen.
____ 3. The source of energy that probably contributed least to the synthesis of biological chemicals
on primitive Earth is
a. ultraviolet light.
b. hydropower.
c. radioactivity.
d. lightning.
____ 4. The most likely sequence for the biological evolution of life is
a. aerobic prokaryotes-photosynthetic prokaryotes-anaerobic prokaryotes-eukaryotesmulticellular organisms.
b. photosynthetic prokaryotes-anaerobic prokaryotes-aerobic prokaryotes-eukaryotesmulticellular organisms.
c. anaerobic prokaryotes-photosynthetic prokaryotes-aerobic prokaryotes-eukaryotesmulticellular organisms.
d. eukaryotes-anaerobic prokaryotes-photosynthetic prokaryotes-aerobic prokaryotesmulticellular organisms.
____ 5. The distance of the Earth from the sun
a. ensures that our climate will be too hot for evolution to continue.
b. ensures that our climate will be too cold for evolution to continue.
c. ensures that the Earth will overheat of its own accord long before global warming from
human causes could happen.
d. has created a temperature just right for the evolution of life that is dependent upon
water.
____ 6. The size of the Earth
a. keeps the iron-nickel core solid.
b. prevents transfer of geothermal energy to the surface of the planet.
c. has enough mass to gravitationally attract the atmosphere.
d. keeps it in orbit at a constant distance from the sun.
____ 7. You are a fossil hunter. Which of the following are you least likely to find in a fossil?
a. Bone
b. Leaves
c. Teeth
d. Muscle
Section 5-2 Evolution and Adaptation
____ 8. A change in the genetic composition of a population over successive generations is called
a. emigration.
b. mutation.
c. natural selection.
d. evolution.
____ 9. The term that describes small genetic changes that a population within a species experiences is
a. coevolution.
b. microevolution.
c. convergent evolution.
d. macroevolution.
____ 10. A gene pool is
a. the collection of genes being used in the human genome project.
b. the genetic composition of an organism.
c. the genetic composition of a population.
d. the genetic composition of a community.
____ 11. The change from a light to a dark color in the peppered moth was the result of
a. insecticides.
b. industrial pollution.
c. a change in predators.
d. an increase in ultraviolet radiation.
____ 12. The changes in coloration within the population of peppered moths is an example of
a. coevolution.
b. microevolution.
c. convergent evolution.
d. macroevolution.
____ 13. You are an evolutionary biologist studying a population of bats in the rainforest of Brazil.
Most of the population possesses moderate length wings, although some individuals have long
wings and some individuals have short wings. Over the course of time, you notice that the
frequency of moderate-length wings increases. You conclude that the most likely cause of
this development is
a. stabilizing natural selection.
b. directional natural selection.
c. diversifying natural selection.
d. coevolution.
____ 14. As you study a population of fruit flies, you notice that pink eye color is the most common,
although white eyes and red eyes are also present. Over the course of time and many
generations, you notice that the proportion of individuals with pink eyes steadily increases.
You conclude that this population is undergoing
a. continuous natural selection.
b. disruptive natural selection.
c. directional natural selection.
d. stabilizing natural selection.
____ 15. In a population of cats, you notice there is considerable variation of length of fur. Over the
course of time, you observe that there are many cats that exhibit very long fur and many
with very short fur. However, there are few cats that exhibit an intermediate length of fur.
You conclude that this population is undergoing
a. continuous natural selection.
b. discontinuous natural selection.
c. disruptive natural selection.
d. directional natural selection.
____ 16. You study fossils of giraffes. Although there appears to be considerable variability in lengths
of necks, there appears to be a definite shift to longer necks over the course of time. You
conclude that this species is undergoing
a. continuous natural selection.
b. discontinuous natural selection.
c. disruptive natural selection.
d. directional natural selection.
___ 17. When natural selection results in a shift toward one end of a normal range of traits, an
evolutionary biologist would credit
a. continuous natural selection.
b. discontinuous natural selection.
c. disruptive natural selection.
d. directional natural selection.
____ 18. When natural selection shifts allelic frequencies toward the extremes of a range of genetic
expressions for a particular trait, an evolutionary biologist would credit
a. continuous natural selection.
b. discontinuous natural selection.
c. disruptive natural selection.
d. directional natural selection.
____ 19. Coevolution can involve the interaction of
a. plants and herbivores.
b. pollinators and flowers.
c. parasites and hosts.
d. all of these answers.
Section 5-3 Ecological Niches and Adaptation
____ 20. An organism's niche is analogous to its
a. address.
b. way of life.
c. food source.
d. trash dump.
____ 21. An ecological niche includes all of the following except
a. the nutrient relationships with other species.
b. the location where a species lives.
c. the types of resource requirements.
d. the range of tolerance to different physical and chemical conditions.
Section 5-4 Speciation, Extinction, and Biodiversity
____ 22. Geographic isolation may result from
a. a volcanic eruption.
b. an earthquake.
c. a mountain range.
d. all of these answers.
____ 23. Geographic isolation is least likely to give rise to
a. reproductive isolation.
b. speciation.
c. convergent evolution.
d. divergent evolution.
____ 24. Gould's view of macroevolution as long periods of relatively little change interrupted by short
periods of relatively rapid change is best described as
a. dynamic equilibrium.
b. a steady state hypothesis.
c. a punctuated equilibrium hypothesis.
d. a gradualist model of evolution.
____ 25. Which of the following is not a common misconception about evolution?
a. Evolution is a grand plan of the perfecting of species.
b. In a Darwinian world, the strongest survive.
c. Humans evolved from apes.
d. The key to survival in a Darwinian world is coexistence through occupying different
niches.