* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download cicero - Cengage community
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Promagistrate wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman economy wikipedia , lookup
Romanization of Hispania wikipedia , lookup
Roman funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Switzerland in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Constitution of the Roman Republic wikipedia , lookup
History of the Roman Constitution wikipedia , lookup
4 ClassDate biogr aphy Cicero Cicero was a Roman statesman, orator, and writer in the last years of the Roman Republic. He is best known for his remarkable speeches, particularly for one that foiled a conspiracy against the Roman government. Marble statue of Cicero (106 b.c.–43 b.c.) • Job: Lawyer, Consul, Politician • Talents: Speechmaking, Writing • Home: Rome Cicero was born in 106 B.C. to a wealthy family in Arpinium, a town southeast of Rome. He studied law in Rome and philosophy in Greece. Cicero served in the Roman military and was a successful lawyer. Throughout his career, Cicero was involved in several high-stakes political developments in ancient Rome. In 63 B.C., as consul, Cicero attacked his rival Catiline by exposing Catiline’s plan to overthrow the government. After the speech, Catiline and the other conspirators were put to death by order of the Senate. When Cicero announced the deaths in the Senate, fellow senators gave him a standing ovation. However, the Senate had, in fact, overstepped its authority. Roman law forbade the execution of a Roman citizen without a trial. Because of his misuse of power, Cicero was exiled from Rome. After his return from exile in 57 B.C., he never regained the power he once held. By 63 B.C., the Roman Republic was already falling into chaos. Cicero did not join the alliance with Julius Caesar and the First Triumvirate. He opposed the growing power of the Roman army and urged the government to restore the system of checks and balances. By 53 B.C., the triumvirate had collapsed. Caesar declared himself dictator for life and put forth his own set of reforms. The Senate, however, hated the reforms, and in 44 B.C., a group of senators murdered Caesar. Cicero was not involved in the conspiracy to murder Julius Caesar and was not present when Caesar was murdered. However, after Caesar’s death, Augustus, who was Caesar’s relative, joined in an alliance with Mark Antony and another supporter to form the Second Triumvirate. Cicero spoke out against Augustus, and, more vigorously, against Antony. Antony condemned Cicero and in 43 B.C. had him executed. Cicero’s speeches and writings remain among his most important legacies. Many of his writings have survived, mostly in letters to friends. By describing everyday life and events, Cicero's letters provide a glimpse into Roman life during the Republic. The letters also provide context for Cicero’s life as not only a statesman but also a collector of art, a country gentleman, and a caring father. In addition to his speeches and letters, Cicero's legacy includes introducing the Romans to the works of Greek philosophers. His translations of their works had a lasting impact on the development of Latin as a language and on the study of philosophy itself. REVIEW & ASSESS 1.Analyze Cause and Effect Why was Cicero exiled in 53 B.C.? Chapter 10 Lesson 1.3 2.Draw Conclusions How did Cicero’s letters provide a glimpse into life during the Republic? © National Geographic Learning, Cengage Learning Statue of Cicero (marble), Roman, (2nd century a.d.)/Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, UK/Bridgeman Images UNIT Name