Download Building Earth`s Surface - Academic Resources at Missouri Western

Building Earth’s Surface
 Variables at work
 Stress/Strain/Pressure

Movements within the Earth’s crust
 Depth


Shallow
 Rock layers are brittle
Deep
 Rock layers are pliable
 Temperature
 Time
Building Earth’s Surface
 Folding
 Anticlines

Oldest beds are in the center
 Synclines

Youngest beds are in the center
 Sedimentary rocks
Building Earth’s Surface
 Faulting
 Normal Fault

Hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall
 Reverse Fault

Hanging wall has move upward relative to the footwall
Building Earth’s Surface
 Earthquakes
 A massive release of energy that has been stored within
the rock layers.

Stress & Friction
 Occur along plate boundaries
 San Andres
 Strike-slip fault
 New Madrid
 Charleston, MO to Cairo, IL
 200 measured events per yr.
 1.0 on the Richter scale
Building Earth’s Surface
 Detecting and Measuring Earthquakes
 Focus

Point below the surface were earthquake originated
 Epicenter
 A point of the surface of the Earth directly above the focus
 Seismograph
 The instrument used to detect and measure the intensity of an
earthquake
 P, S, & L waves
 Leave the focus at about the same time
 Mercalli & Richter Scales
 Tsunamai
 Seismic sea wave
Building Earth’s Surface
 Mountain Building
 Folding


Rockies, Appalachians, Himalaya
Plates colliding
 Faulting
 Tetons
 Volcanic
 Washington, Oregon, & Idaho
 Columbia Plateau
 Mt. St. Helen
 Mt Rainier
 Mr. Baker