Download How many grams of oxygen are made if 3.75 moles of KClO 3

Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide – June 2017
Kinetic Molecular Theory, Gases, Phase Diagrams
Phase Diagram for H2O
Use the words from the triangle image on page 425
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Label the above phase diagram for H2O, include all 6 possible transitions between phases.
Explain how the addition or removal of energy can cause a phase change.
What phase changes release energy? and what phase changes require energy?
Explain why freezing is an exothermic change of state.
Describe the relationship between temperature and pressure.
Describe conduction in terms of molecules bumping into each other to transfer energy. Explain
why there is better conduction in solid and liquids than gases.
7. Describe the various states of matter in terms of the motion and arrangement of the molecules
making up the substance.
8. Explain changes in volume, pressure and temperature for gases as you increase kinetic energy.
9. Describe how melting occurs if an ice cube is dropped in a glass of pop. (C3.3B)
10. State the law and sketch a graph showing the relationship between the following properties of a
gas and give an example of each; a.) temperature and pressure b.) temperature and volume c.)
pressure and volume. (C4.5 a, b, c
Acid, Base Chemistry
11. Using the above pH scale, classify how various solutions are acidic or basic given their pH.
12. Explain why lakes with limestone or calcium carbonate experience less adverse effects from acid
rain than lakes with granite beds.
13. Describe the outcomes of a litmus paper test that can be used to distinguish an acid from a
base.
14. Explain the concentration of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions as they move across the pH
scale.
15. Recognize formulas for common acids and bases formed from families I and II.
16. Complete and balance the following equations representing neutralization reactions:
a) CsOH
+
H2CO3
+
b)
HF
+
Mg(OH)2
+
The Mole and Stoichiometry
17. Given the following equation: KClO3

KCl
+
O2
How many grams of oxygen are made if 3.75 moles of KClO3 decompose?
18. How many moles are in 2.5 grams of KCN?
19. How many atoms of NaCl are in a 28.6 g sample?
20. Given the following equation: K + Cl2 ---> KCl
How many grams of KCl is produced from 2.50 g of K?
21. Calculate the percent by weight of each element in Na2SO4.
22. Benzene, a non-polar solvent used for many applications in industry, and a major component in
many organic compounds has the following percent composition:
C = 92.3% H = 7.8 %
a. Find Benzene’s empirical formula.
b. Find the Molecular formula of benzene if the entire formula mass is 78.12 g/mol
Organic Chemistry
23. Define organic compound.
24. Draw the structural formulas for the following simple hydrocarbons:
a. Ethane: C2H6
b. Propane: C3H8
c. Pentane: C5H12
25. Draw all of the structural isomers possible for the alkane with the molecular formula C6H14.
Show only the carbon chains.
26. Recognize that proteins, starches, and other large biological molecules are polymers.
Stoichiometry Scenarios Practice1. What is a mole and how do we apply the mole concept in chemistry? Why is it important?
2. How can chemists determine the number of moles from the mass of any element or compound?
3. How can chemists determine the number of particles of any compound or element given the mass
of the substance?
4. How can chemists determine the mass of a particular product (compound or substance) in a
chemical reaction given the mass of the starting material?
5. The green color of leaves is due to the presence of chlorophyll, C55H72O5N4Mg. A fresh leaf was
found to have 21.6 X10-12 mol of chlorophyll per cm2. How many chlorophyll molecules are in
1cm2
6. The recommended daily allowance of selenium for an infant is 27.3 X 10-9 mol. How many
atoms of selenium is this?
7. A snowflake contains 10.8 X 1013 molecules of water. How many mol of water does it contain?
8. Chromium is a transition element that is an important component of chrome plating. Chrome
plating is used on metals and in steel alloys to control corrosion. What is the mass in grams of
4.56 moles of chromium needed to coat the rims of an automobile?
9. Calcium, the fifth-most abundant element on Earth, is always found combined with other
elements because of its high reactivity. How many moles of calcium would you say are in
300 grams of calcium?
10. Ethanol (C2H5OH), a domestically produced fuel source, is often blended with gasoline. A
sample of ethanol has a mass of 49.3 g. How many moles does the sample contain?
11. The characteristic odor of garlic is due to allyl sulfide (C3H5)2S. A recipe for hummus calls for
garlic that contains no more than 6.89 mol of allyl sulfide. You were hired by Cedar as a
chemistry consultant to calculate the maximum mass of allyl sulfide that should be included in
the recipe for the hummus to turn out scrumptious. What kind of feedback would you give them?
How many grams would you recommend?
12. There is 3.61 X 10-2 g of caffeine in a shot of espresso. The chemical formula of caffeine is
C8H1N4O2. Determine the moles of caffeine in a tall coffee that has 1 shot of espresso.
Acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, has the formula C8H9NO2. Determine the
number of molecules of acetaminophen in a 1.2 g tablet.
13. A gold necklace has a mass of 23.0 g. How many particles of gold atoms does the necklace
contain?
14. Calcium, the fifth-most abundant element on Earth, is always found combined with other
elements because of its high reactivity. It is however essential for our bones. How many atoms
of calcium would you say are in 1.23 g of calcium found in a supplement?
15. A sample of a compound contains 2.63 g of sulfur and 2.63 g of vanadium. Does this sample
contain more sulfur atoms or vanadium atoms?
16. Plants are equipped with a mitochondria that is able to store energy in the bonds of a
chemical. Plants and animals depend on this chemical (glucose) as an energy source. What is
the chemical formula for glucose? How many molecules of glucose are there in 1.3 g of glucose
that were extracted from berries.
17. Sodium, which is a highly reactive shiny metal, reacts with chlorine, a toxic yellowish-green gas,
to produce sodium chloride. How many grams of salt will be produced if 13.3 X 102 grams of
sodium metal is available?
18. One disadvantage of burning propane (C3H8) is that carbon dioxide is one of the products. The
released carbon dioxide increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and increases the effects
of global warming. How many moles of CO2 would you say is produced when 86.3 moles of
propane is burned in excess oxygen in a gas grill?
19. When hydrogen gas is cooled to sufficiently low temperatures, it condenses to form a liquid that
can be used to power nonpolluting vehicles in which its reaction with oxygen (from the air) yields
an exhaust containing only water vapor. If 3.96 X 103 g of hydrogen are used up for a trip to
cedar point how many grams water vapor is released into the atmosphere?
20. The exothermic reaction between liquid hydrazine (N2H2) and liquid hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is
used to fuel rockets. The products of this reaction are nitrogen gas and water. How many grams
of nitrogen gas is released when 13.6 X 102 grams of hydrazine is used up?
21. One disadvantage of burning propane (C3H8) is that carbon dioxide is one of the products. The
released carbon dioxide increases the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and increases the effects
of global warming. How many grams of CO2 would you say is produced when 11.98 grams of
propane is burned in excess oxygen in a gas grill?
22. Molten iron and carbon monoxide are produced in a blast furnace by the reaction of iron(III)
oxide and coke (carbon). If 17.86 grams of pure Fe2O3 are used, how many grams of iron can be
produced?
23. Hydrogen sulfide will react with oxygen gas to produce sulfur dioxide and water. How many
grams of sulfur dioxide are produced when 16.00 grams of oxygen gas is available?
24. Hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) reacts with silver nitrate (AgNO3) producing hydrogen
nitrate (HNO3) (nitric acid) and silver chloride. If 18.80 grams of hydrochloric acid are passed
into a solution of silver nitrate, how many grams of silver chloride (AgCl) is formed? How many
grams of silver nitrate will be consumed?
25. How many grams of carbon dioxide are formed by burning 190.0 grams of carbon?
26. When steam (water vapor) and carbon react, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced. What
weights of carbon monoxide will be formed by the action of 250000 g of steam on carbon? Write
the chemical equation first.
27. When steam (water vapor) and carbon react, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced. What
weights of hydrogen gas will be formed by the action of 16000 g of steam on carbon? Write the
chemical equation first.