Download File - World History With Ms. McCurley

Monday, August 22nd, 2011
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Chapter 5:
Renaissance and
Reformation
Section 1: The
Renaissance
Please complete the
Reading Checks on
page: 158 and 160.
What were the characteristics of
the Italian Renaissance?
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A worldly viewpoint and increasing wealth
brought renewed interest in ancient culture and
a belief that a well-rounded individuals should
be capable of achievements in many areas.
2. How did the Visconti and Sforza
become powerful in Milan?
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Worked to build a strong centralized state and
created an efficient tax system that brought in
enormous revenues for the government.
Warm Up
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Your task: You are a visitor to London in 1348,
write home describing the city just before the
plague.
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OR……
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Write home asking for help, you are stuck in
London at the start of the plague, what can you
do to protect yourself? Should you go home?
Wednesday, August 24th
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Please complete the
Reading Check on
page: 163.
Chapter 5:
Renaissance and
Reformation
Section 1: The
Renaissance
1. Why was The Prince an
important work on political power?
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Machiavelli rejected the ethical side of a
prince’s activity. He was among the first to
abandon morality as the basis for the analysis
of political activity.
2. How was the Renaissance noble
different from the medieval knight?
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In addition to being a warrior, he must also
gain a classical education and adorn his life
with the arts.
Objective
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Chapter 5: Renaissance and Reformation
Section 1: The Renaissance
Course of Study: Students will be able to
describe the characteristics of the
Renaissance, and the political and social
structure of Renaissance society.
Activity: Machiavelli The Prince
Vocabulary
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Secular
Urban Society
Renaissance
Dowry
The Prince
Questions to Answer…..
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What was the Renaissance?
What was the city-state that was led by a
group of wealthy merchant-aristocrats?
Machiavelli encouraged rulers and would-be
rulers to believe in what?
What should a noble do, according to
Castiglone’s book, The Book of the Courtier?
What was the third estate made up of?
Italian Renaissance Page 157
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The word renaissance means rebirth. A
number of people who lived in Italy between
1350-1500 believed that they had witnessed a
rebirth of the ancient Greek and Roman
worlds.
First, Renaissance Italy was largely an urban
society, city-centered.
As the Middle Ages progressed, powerful citystates became the centers of Italian political,
economic, and social life.
Italian Renaissance Continue
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Within the growing urban society, a secular, or
worldly, viewpoint emerged as increasing
wealth created new possibilities for the
enjoyment of material things.
Second, the Renaissance was an age of
recovery from the disasters of the fourteenth
century such as the plague, political instability
and a decline of Church powers.
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Third, a new view of human beings emerged
as people in the Italian Renaissance began to
emphasize individual ability.
For example, Leonardo da Vinci was a painter,
sculptor, architect, inventor, and
mathematician.
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The Renaissance was all of the following: an
urban society, an age of recovery from the
plagues, political upheaval, and decline of
Church authority, and a higher regard for the
value of the individual human.
The Italian States Page 158
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During the Middle Ages, Italy had failed to
develop a centralized monarchical state.
The lack of a single strong ruler made it
possible for a number of city-states in northern
and central Italy to remain independent.
Three of them- Milan, Venice, and Florenceexpanded and played crucial roles in Italian
politics.
Venice was led by a group of wealthy
merchant- aristocrats.
Machiavelli and the New Statecraft
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No one gave better expression to the Italians’
love affair with political power than Niccolo
Machiavelli.
His book, The Prince, is one of the most
influential works on political power in the
Western world.
Machiavelli encouraged rulers and would-be
rulers to believe that human nature was selfcentered.
He was among the first to abandon morality as
the basis for analyzing political activity.
Tuesday, August 23rd 2011
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Please complete the
“Science,
Technology, and
Society” reading and
question on page:
162.
Chapter 5 Section 1:
The Renaissance
Why do you think the printing of
books encouraged people’s desire
to gain knowledge?
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Printing made books much more common and
less expensive. More people would see them
and want to know what was in them.
Renaissance Society
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By 1500, nobles, old and new, again
dominated society.
By this time, the noble, or aristocrat, was
expected to fulfill certain ideals.
These ideals were clearly expressed in The
Book of the Courtier, written by the Italian
Baldassare Castiglione in 1528.
According to this book, a noble should: fulfill
certain ideals, perform military exercises, and
gain a classical education.
Peasants and Townspeople
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In the Middle Ages, peasants had made up the
overwhelming mass of the third estate.
The third estate was made up of all of the
following: peasants, artisans, and merchants.
To maintain the family, parents carefully
arranged marriages, often to strengthen
business or family ties.
The most important aspect of the marriage
contract was the size of the dowry, a sum of
money given to the groom by the wife’s family.
Family and Marriage
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The father-husband was the center of the
Italian family. he gave it his name, managed all
finances, and made the decisions that
determined his children’s lives.
In Renaissance Italy, children did not become
adults on reaching a certain age.
Instead, adulthood came to children when their
fathers went before a judge and formally freed
them.
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Please complete
the Reading
Checks on page
165.
Chapter 5 Section
2: The Intellectual
and Artistic
Renaissance
1. Why is Petrarch called the father
of Italian Renaissance humanist?
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Looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts; began
the humanist emphasis on using pure classical
Latin as opposed to medieval Latin.
2. What literary format does
Chaucer use to portray English
society?
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Collection of stories told by a group of 29
pilgrims journeying to the tomb of Saint
Thomas a Becket at Canterbury, England.
The Intellectual and Artistic
Renaissance
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Objective: Students will understand the
intellectual movements of humanism and be
able to identify the major artistic and
accomplishments of the artistic Renaissance.
Course of Study: 1
Guided Reading 5.1
Vocabulary
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Classical
Humanism
Fresco
Michelangelo
The Divine Comedy
Question to Answer…..
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What did the Renaissance artists of northern
Europe paint?
What three painters are associated with the
High Renaissance?
Paintings and sculptures of the Renaissance
were more like what?
What did the Humanist educators stress?
What were Renaissance women educated in?
Italian Renaissance Humanism
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Secularism, and an emphasis on the individual
characterized the Renaissance.
A key intellectual movement of the
Renaissance was humanism.
Humanists studied subjects like grammar,
rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history.
Humanist educators stressed: liberal arts,
physical education, and rhetoric.
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Petrarch has been called the father of Italian
Renaissance humanism.
He looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts.
He described his intellectual life, as a life of
solitude. In the early 1400s, however,
humanists began to take a new interest in civic
life.
They believed that it was the duty of
intellectuals to live active lives.
Literature
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Because of the humanists’ emphasis on
classical Latin, scholars, lawyers, and
theologians used it.
Classical is a form of Latin used in ancient
Romans.
In the 14c., the works of Dante became very
popular. Dante was an Italian author.
His masterpiece is the Divine Comedy.
This is the story of the soul’s journey to
salvation.
Education
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Renaissance humanists believed that
education could change people.
Humanists believed that the liberal studies that
would help people reach their full potential.
Women normally did not attend the humanist
schools.
Renaissance women were educated in religion
and morals.
Artistic Renaissance In Italy
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Renaissance artists tried to imitate nature in
their works.
They wanted the objects and events they
portrayed to look real. These artistic also
developed a new worldview in which human
beings became the focus of attention.
Many early masterpieces were painted on
fresco, which is a painting done on fresh, wet
plaster.
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Paintings and sculptures of the Renaissance
were more realistic.
The final stage of Italian Renaissance paintings
is called the High Renaissance.
It flourished between 1490-1520, The three
artistic giants were Leonardo da Vinci,
Raphael, and Michelangelo.
Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel
ceiling.
Northern Artistic Renaissance
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The artists of northern Europe were also
interested in portraying the world realistically.
Northern artists painted illustrations for books
and wooden panels for altarpieces.
By the 1500s, northern artists had begun to
study in Italy and were influenced by Italian
artists.
Please begin the Reading Check on
Page 166 and 168
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How did a humanist education
prepare a student for life?
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Enabled individuals to reach their full potential;
liberal education produced individuals who
followed a path virtue and wisdom.
How did Renaissance paintings
differ from medieval paintings.
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Medieval paintings appeared flat and lifeless;
in Renaissance paintings, perspective gave the
illusion of depth and individual people were
realistically portrayed.
Name the three Italian artists most
closely associated with the High
Renaissance?
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Leonardo da Vinci, Rapheal, and
Michelangelo.
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1. How did Erasmus pave the way
for the Reformation?
He criticized the abuses in the Church along
with other aspects of his society and called for
reform.
2. What was the Modern Devotion?
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A mystical movement that rejected dogma and
instead stressed the need to follow the
teachings of Jesus.
Objective:
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Chapter 5 Section 3: The Protestant
Reformation
Objective: Student will understand the
development of Protestantism.
Course of Study: 1
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Please complete the
reading checks on
page: 172 and 173.
Chapter 5: The
Renaissance
Section 3: The
Protestant
Reformation
How did Erasmus pave the way for
the Reformation
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He criticized the abuses in the Church along
with other aspects of his society and called for
reform.
What was the Modern Devotion?
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A mystical movement that rejected dogma and
instead stressed the need to follow the
teaching of Jesus.
Vocabulary
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Salvation
The Ninety-Five Theses
Holy Roman Emperor
Indulgence
Christian Humanism
Question to Answer
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1. Name all the lands Charles V ruled.
2. The division of Christianity in Germany into
Catholic and Lutheran states was recognized
by?
3. What did Luther teach?
4. What did Luther teach about justification by
faith (being made right before God) was?
5. Erasmus taught that Christianity should do
what?
The Protestant Reformation
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The Protestant Reformation is the name that is
used for the reform movement that divided the
western Church into Catholic and Protestant
groups.
Several developments set the stage for
religious change.
A movement called Christian humanism (the
belief in the ability of humans reason and
improve themselves) developed.
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One of their major goals was the reform of the
Catholic Church.
Humanists believed that in order to change the
Church and society, they needed to change
individuals first.
The best known of the Christian humanists was
Desiderius Erasmus.
He called his view of religion “the philosophy of
Christ”.
Erasmus taught that Christianity should show
people how to lead good lives.
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Many church officials were concerned with
money and used their church offices to get
wealthy.
People wanted a meaningful religion and
assurance of salvation (acceptance into
Heaven), but many priests were unable to
teach them.
According to Church practice at the time, a
person could gain an indulgence (release from
all or part of the punishment for sins) through
relics.
This practice, in particular, upset many of the
reformers.
Martin Luther
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Martin Luther was a monk and a professor at
the University of Wittenburg in Germany.
Through his study of the Bible, Luther found an
answer to a problem that had bothered him
since he became a monk.
The problem was how to be certain of
salvation.
He came to believe that people are not saved
through their good works but through their faith
in God.
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Luther taught that the selling of indulgences
was wrong.
Luther also taught that justification by faith
(being made right before God) was the central
idea of Protestantism.
Luther wrote the Ninety-five Theses, which was
his attack on abuses of the Church.
The Catholic Church excommunicated Luther
in 1521.
During the next few years, Luther’s religious
movement became a revolution.
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Charles V, the Holy Roman emperor, was also
Charles I, the king of Spain.
Charles V ruled all of the following areas:
Spain, the Austrian lands, and the Low
Countries.
Charles V wanted to keep all his empire
Catholic.
Many of the princes of the German states
supported Luther as a way of asserting their
authority over the authority of Charles V.
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Charles was unable to defeat them and was
forced to seek peace.
An end to religious warfare in Germany came
in 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg.
This agreement formally accepted the division
of Christianity in Germany.
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Please Complete
Reading Check
On page182&183
1. What impact did the Protestant
Reformation have on women?
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A greater emphasis was put on the family; the
wife was compelled to obey her husband and
to bear children.
2. What was the relationship
between the Jesuits and the pope?
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Jesuits took a special vow of absolute
obedience to the pope, making them an
important instrument for papal policy.
Please complete the Reading
Checks on page: 180 and
181.
Chapter 5: The Renaissance
Section 4: The Spread of
Protestantism and the
Catholic Response
Course of Study: 1
Vocabulary
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Annul
The reprobate
Anabaptist
The Council of Trent
predestination
Questions to Answer
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1. What did King Henry VIII do?
2. What did the Anabaptists believe in?
3. What did John Calvin believe in?
4. Because Calvinists believed they were doing
God’s work, they did what?
5. What did Calvin Consistory do?
The Zwinglian Reformation
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Even before the Peace of Augsburg, other
Protestant groups had developed.
One of these new groups was in Switzerland.
Ulrich Zwingli, a priest in Zurich lead this
movement.
Due to his influence, the council of Zurich
began to make religious reforms.
A new church service replaced the Catholic
mass.
In October 1531, Zwingli was killed, and the
leadership was passed over to John Calvin.
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John Calvin was born and educated in France.
After he converted to Protestantism, he was forced
to flee to Switzerland because France was still
Catholic.
Calvin believed in the “eternal decree” of an allpowerful God.
Calvin also believed in predestination, the belief
that God determined in advance who would be
saved.
In 1536, Calvin began working to reform the city of
Geneva.
He created a church government that used both
Clergy and laity.
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A court was set up to over see moral life, this court
was called the Consistory.
Calvin’s Consistory did all of the following: punish
people who misbehaved, oversee Genevans’
moral life and doctrinal purity, and operate as a
court.
By the mid 16c., Calvinism had replaced
Lutheranism as the most important form of
Protestantism.
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The reprobate were those that were damned
for their lack of religious convictions.
Because Calvinist believed that were doing
God’s work they were determined to spread
their faith to other people.
The Reformation in England
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The reformation in England had its beginnings,
in politics, not religion.
King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife,
Catherine of Aragon, because she had not be
able to have a son.
Henry asked the pope to annul (declare invalid)
his marriage to Catherin, but the pope refused.
The next year, Henry asked Parliament to
separate the Church in England.
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The Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy
of 1534. This act made the king the head of the
Church of England.
Henry used his new powers to close the
monasteries and sell their land and
possessions.
King Henry dissolve Catholic monasteries, had
Thomas More beheaded, and had marriage
“null and void”.
When Henry died in 1547, his son, Edward VI,
took the throne. He was only nine years old
and sickly. The church officials moved the
Church of England in a Protestant directions.
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Many of the Protestant reformers allowed the
state (government) to play an important role in
church affairs.
Some people were against the state having
this kind of power. These people were called
Anabaptists.
The Anabaptists believed in adult baptism.
Most Anabaptists believed in the complete
separation of church and state.
They thought that government should be kept
out of religion.
Effects on the Role of Women
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Protestants developed a new view of the
family.
They did not believe that there was anything
especially holy about being celibate.
Marriage and family were not emphasized.
But the role of women did not change very
much.
Being a wife and mother was the only role that
most Protestant women could play in society.
The Catholic Reformation
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By the mid 16c., Protestantism was well
established in many parts of Europe.
The situation in Europe did not look good for
the Catholic Church.
Pope Paul III saw the need for changes n the
Catholic Church and appointed a Reform
Commission in 1537.
The commission blamed the Church’s problem
on the corruption of the popes.
In 1545, Pope Paul III began the Council of
Trent.
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The Council of Trent was a meeting that
reaffirmed Catholic teachings.
According to the Council, both faith and good
works were necessary for salvation.
The seven sacraments, the Catholic view of
the Eucharist, and celibacy were all upheld.
However, the selling of indulgences was
forbidden.
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Begin working on the
Reading Checks on
page: 178 and 179
Review Game!
What religious reforms were
introduced by Zurich?
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Relics and images were abolished. Painting
and decorations were removed from the
churches and replaced with whitewashed
walls. Scripture reading, prayer, and sermons
replaced the Catholic Mass.
How did the Consistory enforce
moral discipline in Geneva?
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Set up as a court with the right to punish
people who deviated from the church’s
teachings and moral principles; “crimes”
included dancing, singing obscene songs,
drunkenness, swearing, and playing cards.
Why did Henry VIII form the Church
of England
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The pope would not annul his marriage to
Catherine of Aragon so that he could remarry,
so Henry broke with the church.
Why were the Anabaptist
considered to be dangerous
political radicals.
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They believed in complete separation of church
and state, and that the state had no authority
over real Christians. They refused to hold
political office or bear arms.
You have 5 minutes to study….
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Please staple and pass up your reading check
up.
Review your notes quietly