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Unique Properties of
Muon Beams
Jean-Pierre Delahaye
CERN (SLAC)
Thanks to the many experts who (consciously
or not) provided me with slides.
Muon beams specific properties
Muons are leptons like electrons & positrons
but with a mass (105.7 MeV/c2) 207 times larger
• Negligible synchrotron radiation emission (a m-2)
– Multi-pass collisions (1000 turns) in collider ring
• High luminosity with reasonable beam power and wall plug power
consumption

– relaxed beam emittances & sizes, alignment & stability
• Multi-detectors supporting broad physics communities
• Large time (15 ms) between bunch crossings
– No beam-strahlung at collision:
• narrow luminosity spectrum
 – Multi-pass
acceleration in rings or RLA:
• Compact acceleration system and collider
• Cost effective construction & operation


– No cooling by synchrotron radiation in
standard damping rings
JP.Delahaye
• Requires development of novel cooling method
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
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The beauty of Muons
Strong coupling to Higgs mechanism
through the s channel
– Cross section enhanced by (mm/me)2 =4. 104
with sharp peak at 126 GeV resonance
• Muon-based Higgs factory with unique properties


– 103 less luminosity required than with e+/e– at half colliding beam energy (63 GeV/beam)
– Enabling direct Higgs mass and width
measurements by energy scan with high
resolution thanks to narrow luminosity spectrum
• Requires colliding beams with extremely
small momentum spread (4 10-5) and high
stability
The Muon based
Higgs Factory concept
JP.Delahaye
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Muon Colliders potential of extending leptons
high energy frontier with high performance
Muons
Muons
Circular
Circular
Linear
Linear
C.Rubbia
JP.Delahaye
C.Rubbia
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
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Muon Colliders extending leptons high energy
frontier with potential of considerable power savings
Muons
Circular
Muons
JP.Delahaye
Linear
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Muon based colliders great potential
As with an e+e− collider, a m+m− collider offers a precision
probe of fundamental interactions without energy limitations
• By synchrotron radiation (limit of e+e− circular colliders)
• By beam-strahlung (limit of e+e− linear colliders)
Muon Collider is the ideal technology
to extend lepton high energy frontier in the multi-TeV range
with reasonable dimension, cost and power consumption
Muon based Higgs factory takes advantage of
a strong coupling to Higgs mechanism by s resonance
IF THE MUON BEAM NOVEL TECHNOLOGY
CAN BE DEMONSTRATED TO BE FEASIBLE
JP.Delahaye
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
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Muons: Issues & Challenges
• Limited lifetime: 2.2 ms (at rest)

• Race against death: generation, acceleration & collision before
decay
• Muons decay in accelerator and detector
– Shielding of detector and facility irradiation
– Collider and Physics feasibility with large background environment?
Not by beamshtrahlung as with e+/e- but by muon decay (e, n)
Reduced background at high energy due to increased muon lifetime
• Decays in neutrinos:

– Ideal source of well defined electron & muon neutrinos in equal
quantities whereas Superbeams by pion decay only provide muon n:
The neutrino factory
concept
• Generated as tertiary particles in large emittances

JP.Delahaye
• powerful MW(s) proton driver and pion decay
• novel (fast) cooling and acceleration methods
p +  m + + nm
p -  m - +nm
Development of novel technologies
with key accelerator and detector challenges
(M.Palmer:
next
presentation)
Unique properties
of muon
beams (Nov 18,2015)
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Muons: a long history of development
Rob
Ryne
C.Rubbia
proposal
2015
JP.Delahaye
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
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Muon Accelerator Program (MAP)
Muon based facilities and synergies
~1013-1014 m / se
Tertiary prby MW p+
od.: pgpgFst m: cosund
(1kHz0
Mark
Palmer
Neutrino Factory (NuMAX)
Cooling
Front End
Proton Driver
µ Storage Ring
Accelera on
µ+
ν
0.2–1
GeV
Ini al Cooling
MW-Class Target
Capture Sol.
Decay Channel
Buncher
Phase Rotator
Buncher
Accumulator
SC Linac
5 GeV
1–5
GeV
n Factory Goal:
1021 m+ & m- per year
within the accelerator
acceptance
ν
µ−
281m
Accelerators:
Single-Pass Linacs
Share same complex
m-Collider Goals:
126 GeV
~14,000 Higgs/yr
Multi-TeV
Lumi > 1034cm-2s-1
Muon Collider
Proton Driver
Accelera on
Cooling
Front End
Collider Ring
Key
Challenges
Key R&D
JP.Delahaye
~1013-1014 m / sec
Tertiary particle
pgpgm:
MW proton driver
MW class target
NCRF in magnetic field
Fast cooling
(t=2ms)
by 106 (6D)
Final Cooling
ECoM:
6D Cooling
µ−
Bunch
Merge
6D Cooling
Charge Separator
Ini al Cooling
MW-Class Target
Capture Sol.
Decay Channel
Buncher
Phase Rotator
Combiner
Buncher
Accumulator
SC Linac
µ+
Higgs Factory
to
~10 TeV
µ+
Accelerators:
Linacs, RLA or FFAG, RCS
Fast acceleration
mitigating m decay
Ionization cooling
High field solenoids (30T)
High Temp Superconductor
Background
by m decay
Cost eff. low RF SC
Fast pulsed magnet
(1kHz)
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
µ−
Detector/
machine
interface
9
Muon Accelerator Staging Scenario (MASS)
Increasing complexity and Physics interest at each stage
Intensity Frontier
Energy Frontier
Beyond
Standard
Model
Precision n Physics
CP violation
Sterile n
Top
properties
n cross sections
Higgs properties
Direct mass&width
JP.Delahaye
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
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0
Staged Neutrino Factory and Muon Colliders
Increasing complexity
and challenges
main parameters
Neutrino Factory at intensity frontier
Muon Collider at the energy frontier
Cooling
JP.Delahaye
6D no final
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
Full 6D
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Conclusion
• Muon beam specific properties provide unique opportunities
with outstanding potentials
– Enable Facilities at both High Intensity (Neutrino Factory) and High Energy
Frontiers (Muon Collider over wide range of energies)
• From Higgs factory (unique Physics measurements) up to 6TeV (new Physics?)
– Ideal technology to extend Lepton Energy Frontier into multi-TeV range
when & if required by (new) Physics with facilities of reasonable
dimensions, cost & power consumption
• Excellent progress on feasibility of Muon beam technology
– Over past 30 years and more recently by Muon Accelerator Program (MAP)
– In the near future by Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE)
– Muon expertise on the verge to rapidly evaporate with MAP ramp down
Muon technology so appealing (although challenging) that
addressing its feasibility is mandatory
JP.Delahaye
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Conclusion
• Europe (CERN) unique laboratory at the high energy frontier :
– Presently limited expertise
– Opportunity not to be missed to:
• Preserve and develop accumulated expertise in close collaboration
with (still available) experts
• Fresh look of muon based technology (including accelerator and
detector)
– building up on excellent progress made so far
– possibly integrating novel ideas
Plea for launch of
International Collaboration on Muon Beams
(Accelerator, Detector and Physics)
JP.Delahaye
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
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Supporting slides
JP.Delahaye
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A Potential Muon Accelerator
Complex at Fermilab:
nSTORM  NuMAX
 Higgs Factory
1 GeV Proton
Linac (PIPII)
LBNE
Superbeam
1-3 GeV Proton
Linac (PIPIII)
To
SURF
Staging scenario
fully compatible
with the LBNF
beam power
upgrade (PIP)
1 GeV Muon
Linac (325MHz)
3-6.75 GeV Proton &
1.25-5 GeV Muon
Linac(s) (650MHz)
Muon Beam
R&D Facility
ft
JP.Delahaye
ft
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
To Near Detector(s) for
Short Baseline
Studies
Later upgradable
to a Muon Collider
with Tevatron size
at 6 TeV
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nuSTORM
neutrinos from STOred Muons
Alan
Bross
An entry-level NF?
3.8 GeV/c stored m
200kW
DOES NOT
Require Development of
ANY New Technology
1010 m / 1ms pulse
Ideal R&D platform
to get experience,
test & validate
muon technology
JP.Delahaye
properties
of muon
beams (Nov 18,2015)
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of muon
beams (Nov
18,2015)
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Leverage potential by nSTORM
for Long Baseline n Experiments
Super-Beams
with nuSTORM
P. Coloma
P.Huber
Super-Beams
alone
nuSTORM + T2HK offers
significantly improved
sensitivity vs T2HK alone
GLoBES
comparison of
potential
performance of
the various
Advanced
Concepts
d = CP violating phase
JP.Delahaye
Unique properties of muon beams (Nov 18,2015)
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Physics reach of various technologies Pilar
Coloma
of Neutrino Facilities
Neutrino Factories
Super-Beams
Present facilities
d = CP violating phase
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