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Unit 9: Classification Grouping of different types of organisms based upon similarities in structure and evolutionary relationships known as Taxonomy A. ________________________ Designed by ______________ Each organism gets 2 names (Generally 2 Latin names) ________________ Homo sapiens - ________ Canis lupus - _________ B. ______________ - Classification based on the evolutionary relationships of organisms - Constantly being restructured based on ______________ Kingdom = a group of ________ Phylum = a group of _________ Class = a group of _____________ Order = a group of ____________ Family = a group of ____________ Genus = a group of _______________ species = the fundamental grouping of phylogeny. Organisms that breed viable offspring Example: Humans Asian Wild Apple Kingdom AnimaliaPlantae Phylum ChordataMagnoliophyta Class Mammalia Magnoliopsida Order Primata Rosales Family Hominidae Rosaceae sub family:Maloideae Genus Homo Malus species sapien sieversii The more closely related two organisms are the more similar their taxonomic key. Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Family Felidae Felidae Felidae Genus Lynx Lynx Puma species rufus canadensis concolor Which ones are more closely related? If two organisms have the same Genus then the kingdom, phylum, class, order, and family are likely to be the same Which ones are more closely related? Felis domestica Musca domestica Felis bieti 2. Cladogram - evolution tree diagram - classifys organisms on similarities and evolutionary decent Which organisms are more closely related? Human Ancestors Cladogram C. The 5 Kingdoms 6 Kingdoms 3 Domains Bacteria and Archaea used to be one kingdom called monera Domain Archaea Bacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Eubacteria Eukarya Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Most Multicellular Multicellular Multicellular Some unicellular Unicellular Unicellular Most Unicellular Cell Type Prokaryote Prokaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Eukaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Some cell walls of cellulose, some chloroplasts Cell walls of chitin Cell wall of cellulose, chloroplasts No cell walls, no chloroplasts # of Cells Cell Structures Mode of nutrition Cell walls without peptidoglycan Autotroph anaerobic Autotroph or Heterotroph Heterotroph Examples Methanogens, halophiles Streptococcus E. coli Autotroph or Heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, kelp Heterotroph Autotroph Mushrooms , Mold, Yeast Mosses, ferns, plants Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fish, humans