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1. Vocab term meaning the development of a variety of interests and activities outside the sphere of religion. Secularization 2. During what century did Population drop to 1/3 of its former size? 14th 3. Name 1 disasters of the fourteenth century Black Death, Hundred Years War, Great Schism [ok Babylonian Captivity 4. Name 2nd __________________ 5. Name 3rd _________________ 6. What two countries fought in the Hundred Years War? 7. What famous saint is associated with France’s victory in the Hundred Years War? Joan of Arc 8. What government institution in England widened its powers after the Hundred Years War? Parliament 9. Both Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France made enemies of the church when they imposed what? Taxes on the land of the clergy 10. What Pope claimed that outside of the church, there was no salvation? Boniface VIII 11. The pope was moved from Rome to what city, leading to the Babylonian Captivity? Avignon, France 12. What started the Great Schism? The College of Cardinals elected two popes 13. List one consequence of the black death: peasant insurrection 14. Second? Rise of wages 15. Third? Food shortages 16. What is the main way both jacqueries and Wat Tyler’s rebellion are similar? They are both peasant insurrections after the Black Death 17. What happened to the power of the Church as a result of the disasters of the fourteenth century? 18. What are flagellants? Religious people who wandered through towns beating themselves to appease the wrath of God 19. The purpose of the meeting of church Councils, or Conciliar movement, was to reunite Roman Catholicism, get rid of heresy, and reform the church from top to bottom. 20. John Wycliff, Jan Huss and the Hussites complained about what? Corruption in the church 21. What does the term Quattrocento mean? Fifteenth Century 22. The word that means rebirth of the ideals and culture of Greco-Roman civilization Renaissance 23. What area of Europe had the most active of towns that appeared in Europe in the Middle Ages? Italy 24. What class rose in importance as trade rose at the end of the Middle Ages? Merchant or middle 25. Besides selling goods, what other business activity allowed Florentines to make their fortunes? 26. Where did the Renaissance begin? Italy 27. How was the government of Italy different than the government in most of Europe? Independent city states, no kings 28. What city in Italy was the center of the Renaissance? Florence 29. The family that unofficially ruled Florence was the? Medici 30. Name two important leaders from the Medici family: a. Cosimo and 31. b. Lorenzo 32. How were the Medici different than other kings or rulers of Europe? They made their fortune through trade, manufacture and banking 33. Explain the concept of virtu. The quality of being a man and shaping his own destiny in a world governed by fortune. 34. Name three Italian Renaissance artists mentioned in the text: Leonardo, 35. b. Raphael, 36. c.Michelangelo, Bellini 37. What cultures served as the new source of inspiration for Italian painters and architects? Became free-standing, favored subjects were human beings, more use of the nude 38. How did sculpture change from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance? (Became free-sta 39. The key literary movement of Renaissance Italy is? Humanism 40. The Divine Comedy by Dante was written in what language? Italian 41. Which humanist proved that the pope’s claim to earthly, or temporal, powers was a forgery? Lorenzo Valla [Donation of Constantine 42. What Florentine writer is called the “first man of letters?” Petrarch 43. What attitude developed among humanists like Bruni and Salutati that made them get involved in public affairs? Civic consciousness 44. Schools during the Renaissance changed because students became grouped by social ranking rather than age or level of achievement. 45. How was the education of girls in Renaissance Italy different than the education of boys? No universities or academies 46. The Book of the Courtier by the author, Castiglione, believed that the ideal Renaissance man should be extremely well-rounded. 47. How did Castiglione think that the courtier acquired the ideal attitudes and skills? Through education/training 48. How was marriage in Renaissance Italy different than today? It was usually based upon the negotiations of parents hoping to enhance the political and economic standing of their family 49. Who was the author of The Prince? Macchiavelli 50. How was The Prince different than other writings on politics? Based not on theology but on the observation of real politicians 51. What did Machiavelli think were the most successful states of Europe when he wrote his book? New Monarchies 52. What was the most important difference between the Renaissance in Italy and the Renaissance outside of Italy? 53. What were two fields in which the Northern Renaissance was more influential than the Italian Renaissance? Sciences, 54. b.medicine, mathematics (2) 55. What invention spread literacy throughout the north first and later Italy? printing 56. Nicholas of Cusa, Meister Eckhart and Thomas a Kempis are all examples of what tendency in the north? Mysticism 57. How were the Sisters and the Brothers of the Common Life different from ordinary groups of nuns and monks? Thy took no vows, wore ordinary clothing, and were free to leave at will 58. How does Holbein’s portrait of Erasmus depict Erasmus as a scholar and as a person? Holding a pen, with books, intent on his work, not on external or divine things 59. What aspect(s) of religion did Erasmus satirize? The ambitious and worldly clergy; their ignorance and sloth; moral and financial corruption of the clergy 60. Who laid the foundations for a mathematical conception of the universe and may have been the most influential scientist of the 15th century? Regiomontanus 61. What new idea did Copernicus come up with? The earth moves around the sun 62. Who is credited with revolutionizing medicine at the University of Basel? Paracelsus 63. What figure in literature came to symbolize the ambitions of modern people? Dr. Faustus 64. What is the difference between a lay person and the clergy? The former is not ordained? 65. Why isn’t daVinci considered to be an influential scientist of the 15th century? People did not know his ideas