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“Transforming Live, Inventing Future”/
A
Project Report
On
Automatic Plant of washing potato for
raw material of potato chips
By
1. Chachadia Swati (106030311003)
2. Hirpara Himani (106030311038)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE FOR
DIPLOMA STUDIES, RAJKOT- 360005.
[2012 – 2013]
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A
Project Report
On
Automatic Plant of washing potato for
raw material of potato chips
In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of
Diploma of Engineering
In
EC Engineering
Submitted By:
Under the Guidance of
1. Chachadia Swati (106030311003)
2. Hirpara Himani (106030311038)
Mr. N.V.Bhadresha
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE FOR
DIPLOMA STUDIES, RAJKOT- 360005.
[2012 – 2013]
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The beauty of stars seems enchanting only in darkness of night, similarly the
success of this project report lies directly or indirectly forwarded never
ending support by some people. First of all I express my deep gratitude to
my respected faculty members without whose support; the project could not
have been completed.We thank upon the entire faculty group and
administrator of the college for their ever readiness to help us in any
circumstances. We are grateful to our college for providing a strong platform
to bring out our talent and give a concrete form to our ideas, thoughts and
imagination .I greatly thank my faculty guide of the college Mr. Niraj
Bhadresha. I would like to import my sincere thanks to: HOD of Electronics
and Communication Engineering Department Prof. Deepak Jethloja, who
provided me all the facilities like laboratory, library and etc. and approved
my report. I m also thankful to my external guide and chair person of the
industry I visited Mr. Ramesh Patel. Mr. Ramesh Patel is a very genuine
person and gave me training giving time from his busy schedule. Lastly I
heartily thank all my friends and parents who guided and motivated me to
complete my project successfully. “Microcontroller based Automatic Plant
of washing potato for raw material of potato chips”. Microcontroller Project
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Atmiya
Institute of Technology and Science for Diploma Studies, Rajkot, 2012.
Submitted by,
1.Chachadia Swati (106030311003)
2. Hirpara Himani (106030311038)
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INDEX
Topic
Page
No.
Abstract…………………………………………………………………..I
List of figure……………………………………………………………..II
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Industry visited……………………………………………………...1
1.2 Dollar namkeen……………………………………………………...1
1.3 Resource feasibility………………………………………………....1
1.4 Technical feasibility………………………………………………...2
1.5 List of components………………………………………………….2
1.6 Detailed problem definition………………………………………...3
Chapter 2:Project circuit
2.1 Circuit diagram……………………………………………………...4
2.2 Circuit description………………………………………………......5
2.3 Working……………………………………………………………..6
2.4 IR sensor figure……………………………………………………..6
2.5 Block diagram……………………………………………………....7
2.6 Description of block diagram……………………………………....7
2.7 Working simulation block………………………………………….8
2.8 IR transceiver devices…………………………………………........8
2.9 Relay…………………………………………………………….......9
2.10 Resistor…………………………………………………………....10
2.11 Capacitor………………………………………………………….12
2.12 Application……………………………………………………….14
Chapter:3 circuit
3.1 Project model……………………………………………………….15
3.2 circuit……………………………………………………………….15
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Chapter 4:Microcontroller 8051
3.1 Pin diagram of 8051
3.3 Transmitter lay out………………………………………………….16
3.4 Receiver lay out…………………………………………………..…17
Chapter:4 Microcontroller 8051
4.1 Pin diagram………………………………………………………….19
4.2 Description………………………………………………………….20
Chapter 5:L293D
5.1 IC LM324 quad op amp comparator………………………………22
5.2 Parameters………………………………………………………….22
5.3 Pin diagram……………………………………………………..…..23
5.4 Figure LM324……………………………………………………....24
5.5 Description…………………………………………………………25
5.6 Figure LM324………………………………………………………25
5.7 Absolute max ratings………………………………………………25
5.8 Electric characteristics…………………………………………….26
5.9 Electric characteristics( continued)……………………………….27
5.10 Graph……………………………………………………………...28
5.11 Electric characteristics…………………………………………...29
Chapter 6 : ULN2003
6.1 Pin diagram………………………………………………………....31
6.2 Description…………………………………………………………32
6.3 Features……………………………………………………………..32
6.4 Logic diagram………………………………………………………32
6.5 Absolute max ratings………………………………………………33
6.6 Electrical characteristics………………………………………...…33
Chapter 7: PCB design
7.1 Software design…………………………………………………….34
7.2 Dip trace……………………………………………………………34
7.3 Modules…………………………………………………………….34
7.4 Freeware and non-profit version…………………………………..35
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7.5 Other source……………………………………………………...35
7.6 External links…………………………………………………….35
7.7 Hardware design………………………………………………....35
Chapter 8: program………………………………………………...38
Chapter 9: Conclusion
9.1 Bibliography……………………………………………………...38
9.2 Book………………………………………………………………38
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List of figure
2.1 Schematic diagram
2.4 IR sensor
2.5 Block diagram
2.7 Working simulation
2.8 IR sensor pair
2.9 Relay
2.10 Resistor
2.11 Capacitor
3.1 Project model
3.2 Circuit
3.3 Transmitter layout
3.4 Receiver
4.1 Pin diagram of 8051
5.3 Pin diagram of LM324
5.4 figure of LM324
5.10 Graph of LM324
6.1 Pin diagram of ULN2003
6.4 Logic diagram of ULN2003
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ABSTRACT
In this project we have studied the main function of Microcontroller because it
is heart of our circuit. It consists of mainly AT89C51 microcontroller which
belongs to 8051seires.This project using many namkeen factories. Factories
using fruits, vegetables as row material. There is a need of cleaning them. If
cleaning is done manually, it takes much time for work. So, through this project
we can save our time. When potato comes on conveyor belt, interrupt is send to
microcontroller by IR sensor. Which starts motor to drive conveyor belt. Then
second IR sensor sends another interrupt to microcontroller and it stop motor
and start water spray for pre-defined time. Then after microcontroller start dryer
for pre-defined time. After completion of drying, again motor start and
conveyor belt carries potato to collection unit. We have worked on this project
by working at “dollar Pvt. Ltd. Company”
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CHAPTER: 01
Introduction:
The project we have done is entiled Automatic Plant of washing potato
for raw material of potato chips. This is an industrial defined project i.e. IDP.
our company name is dollar namkeen Pvt.Ltd. And the title is so given from the
problem definition “automatic potato wash and dry”. We got the above
mentioned problem definition from our industrial visit to dollar namkeen
industry. In factories using vegetables as row material, there is a need of
cleaning them. If cleaning is done manually, it takes much time for work, which
not requires any manual skills. It also limits production as man can’t work
24X7. It also adds to production cost as man power is required. We have
developed an automatic machine, which do not require involvement and
supervision of man for the same job.
1.1 Industry visited:
For the industrial defined project I visited dollar namkeen (kuwadva).
The industry is located in Kuwadva. The best part of this industry is the
beautiful environment and friendly atmosphere. The people working in this
industry are very genuine and down to earth. They co-operated on my visit to
this industry. And helped in every possible manner.
1.2 Dollar namkeen:
This company started in 2011.The company adopted advanced food
technology. Step by step potato cutting and frying.
1.3 Resource feasibility:
All the resources used in this project are easily available. The IR sensor
used in this project might be easily to find in the market.
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1.4 Technical feasibility:
After I gave my idea to the industry person, the industry person told that
my idea was quite feasible technically and promised to try it on his machines
.Thus the project is feasible technically but cannot be used on machines directly
because it needs some specifications and data of the machine to make the
project fit for machine.
But the industry I visited did share the data of the machines and kept
them personal. They had some terms and conditions according to which I had
to work. And they did give all the detailed specifications of the machines and
they even did allow working on their machines.The resources used in this
project are quite feasible financially.
1.5 List of components:
Components list:
R1, R2, R3, R4 ,R5....................................................10K Ohm
R6, R7 .......................................................................470 Ohm
IR Transmitter- Receiver Pair - 2nos.
IC1 - P89V51RD2 Microcontroller Kit
IC2 – LM324 Quad Op amp Comparator
IC3 – L293D Half H Bridge Motor Driver
RELAY 230V, 5 A – 2 nos.
DC MOTOR
Register
The list of components given above shows that all the components are cheap
and feasible. The company will not have any problem in using this simple
project circuit.
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1.6 Detailed problem definition:
This project solves the many namkeen factories problems. Hear we say about
main problem is given below.
 Requirement more workers
 More time consuming
 Low capacity work
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CHAPTER: 02
Project explanation
2.1 Circuit diagram:
FIGURE. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
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2.2 Circuit description:
One pair of IR sensor is placed at the start of conveyor belt. Transmitter
is in forward bias and receiver is in reverse bias. In normal condition voltage
across receiver will be near to 0V.
Now, when potato is placed on conveyor belt, IR sensor will be
obstructed and momentarily voltage across receiver will become equal to VCC
(5 V).
Now when voltage across receiver becomes 5V, microcontroller needs to
start motor to run conveyor belt. But O/P of receiver cannot drive
microcontroller input, due to very low current. To solve this problem we have
used LM324 comparator IC.
O/P of voltage across receiver will be given to non inverting terminal of
LM324 IC. Inverting terminal is given reference voltage 1.5 V. Now, in normal
condition, TX and RX will be in line on sight so voltage across RX will be near
to 0V and comparator O/P is 0V. When potato will obstruct IR sensor, voltage
across RX will be 5V, which is given to non inverting terminal of comparator.
Thus comparator will give a low to high pulse.
The O/P of comparator is given to interrupt pin INTX0 of
Microcontroller. When INTX0 pin will get low to high pulse, interrupt service
routine will be executed, which will drive dc motor for conveyor through motor
driver IC L293D.
Now potato will move forward on conveyor and will obstruct second IR
sensor. This sensor is also connected to comparator IC in same way as IR sensor
1. This will give interrupt to INTX1 pin of microcontroller. It will stop motor
and will start water supply for washing potato. Water will be sprayed for
predefined time. After that dryer will be started for predefined time.
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After completion of washing and drying, again microcontroller will start
motor for conveyor and potato will move towards collection box. Water supply
and dryer are connected to PIN1.0 and PIN 1.1 of microcontroller via relay.
2.3 Working:
When sample comes on conveyor belt, an interrupt is sent to
microcontroller by IR sensor, which starts motor to drive conveyor belt. Thus
sample proceeds on conveyor belt, and obstruct second IR sensor. This sends
another interrupt to microcontroller and it stops motor and starts water spray for
pre-defined time period. Then after microcontroller starts dryer for pre-defined
time period. After completion of drying, again motor starts and conveyor belt
carries sample to collection unit.
2.4 IR sensor figure:
FIGURE: IR SENSOR
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2.5 Block diagram:
2.6 Description of block diagram:
In this block diagram we use IR transmitter, IR reciver, microcontroller
8051,stepper motor, washer and dryer. Here, IR transmitter is forward bias and
IR receiver is reverse bias. TX and RX will be in line on sight so voltage across
RX will be near to 0V and comparator O/P is 0VO/P of voltage across receiver
will be given to non inverting terminal. when the IR rays cut Then potato move
on conveyor belt. first of fall potato wash and then dry .after collector collect
the potato.
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2.7 Working simulation:
FIGURE: WORKING SIMULATION
2.8 IR transreceiver devices:
This is the IR Transmitter and Receiver pair matched pair used in our IR
proximity, White Line or Micro mouse sensor. It consists of5mm 940 nano
meter wave length high power IR LED and photodiode having peak sensitivity
at 940 nano meter wavelength.
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FIGURE: IR SENSOR PAIR
2.9 Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the
coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the
switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch
positions and most have double throw (changeover) switch contacts as shown in
the diagram. Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be
completely separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can
use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection
inside the relay between the two circuits; the link is magnetic and mechanical
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FIGURE: RELAY
2.10 Resistor:
A linear resistor is a linear, passive two-terminal electrical component
that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. The current through a
resistor is in direct proportion to the voltage across the resistor's terminals.
Thus, the ratio of the voltage applied across a resistor's terminals to the intensity
of current through the circuit is called resistance. This relation is represented by
Ohm's law:
Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic
circuits and are ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can
be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made
of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also
implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also
be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits.
The electrical functionality of a resistor is specified by its resistance:
common commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine
orders of magnitude. When specifying that resistance in an electronic design,
the required precision of the resistance may require attention to the
manufacturing tolerance of the chosen resistor, according to its specific
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application. The temperature coefficient of the resistance may also be of
concern in some precision applications. Practical resistors are also specified as
having a maximum power rating which must exceed the anticipated power
dissipation of that resistor in a particular circuit: this is mainly of concern in
power electronics applications. Resistors with higher power ratings are
physically larger and may require heat sinks. In a high-voltage circuit, attention
must sometimes be paid to the rated maximum working voltage of the resistor.
Practical resistors have a series inductance and a small parallel
capacitance; these specifications can be important in high-frequency
applications. In a low-noise amplifier or pre-amp, the noise characteristics of a
resistor may be an issue. The unwanted inductance, excess noise, and
temperature coefficient are mainly dependent on the technology used in
manufacturing the resistor. They are not normally specified individually for a
particular family of resistors manufactured using a particular technology. A
family of discrete resistors is also characterized according to its form factor, that
is, the size of the device and the position of its leads (or terminals) which is
relevant in the practical manufacturing of circuits using them.
FIGURE: RESISTOR
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2.11 Capacitor:
A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal
electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of
practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical
conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator); for example, one common
construction consists of metal foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film.
Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common
electrical devices.
When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a
static electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to
collect on one plate and negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in
the electrostatic field. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant
value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on
each conductor to the potential difference between them.
The capacitance is greatest when there is a narrow separation between
large areas of conductor; hence capacitor conductors are often called "plates,"
referring to an early means of construction. In practice, the dielectric between
the plates passes a small amount of leakage current and also has an electric field
strength limit, resulting in a breakdown voltage, while the conductors and leads
introduce an undesired inductance and resistance. Capacitors are widely used in
electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current
to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the
resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other
purposes.
The simplest capacitor consists of two parallel conductive plates
separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε (such as air). The model may also
be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates
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are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ =
±Q/A exists on their surface. Assuming that the width of the plates is much
greater than their separation d, the electric field near the centre of the device
will be uniform with the magnitude E = ρ/ε. The voltage is defined as the line
integral of the electric field between the plates. Solving this for C = Q/V reveals
that capacitance increases with area and decreases with separation
The capacitance is therefore greatest in devices made from materials with
a high permittivity, large plate area, and small distance between plates.We see
that the maximum energy is a function of dielectric volume, permittivity, and
dielectric strength per distance. So increasing the plate area while decreasing the
separation between the plates while maintaining the same volume has no change
on the amount of energy the capacitor can store. Care must be taken when
increasing the plate separation so that the above assumption of the distance
between plates being much smaller than the area of the plates is still valid for
these equations to be accurate.
FIGURE: CAPACITOR
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2.12 Application:
 This system can be used to atomized the work of cleaning fruits or
vegetables in factories using them as row material.
 As it is fully atomized from starting till collection of sample ,there is no
need of manual supervision, thus manual lab our can be decreased.
 It can be integrated with existing atomized plant involving cleaning of
fruits and vegetables.
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Chapter: 03
Circuit
3.1 Project model:
‘/
3.2 Circuit:
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3.3 Transmitter lay out:
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3.4 Receiver lay out:
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CHAPTER: 04
Microcontroller 8051
4.1 Pin diagram: Microcontroller 8051
Pin: 40
FIGURE : 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER
Page | 27
4.2 Description:
ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of
the address during accesses to external memory. ALE is emitted at a constant
rate of 1/6 of the oscillator frequency, for external timing or clocking purposes,
even when there are no accesses to external memory. (However, one ALE pulse
is skipped during each access to external Data Memory.) This pin is also the
program pulse input (PROG) during EPROM programming.
PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory.
When the device is executing out of external Program Memory, PSEN is
activated twice each machine cycle (except that two PSEN activations are
skipped during accesses to external Data Memory). PSEN is not activated when
the device is executing out of internal Program Memory.
EA/VPP: When EA is held high the CPU executes out of internal Program
Memory (unless the Program Counter exceeds 0FFFH in the 80C51). Holding
EA low forces the CPU to execute out of external memory regardless of the
Program Counter value. In the 80C31, EA must be externally wired low. In the
EPROM devices, this pin also receives the programming supply voltage (VPP)
during EPROM programming.
XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier.
XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.
Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional port. As an open drain output
port, it can sink eight LS TTL loads. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them
float, and in that state will function as high impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the
multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external
memory. In this application it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s.
Port 0 emits code bytes during program verification. In this application, external
pull-ups are required.
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Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1
pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups, and in
that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally being
pulled low will source current because of the internal pull-ups
.Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 2
emits the high-order address byte during accesses to external memory that use
16-bit addresses. In this application, it uses the strong internal pull-ups when
emitting 1s.
Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. It also
serves the functions of various special features of the 80C51 Family as follows:
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CHAPTER: 05
IC LM324
5.1 IC2 – LM323 Quad Op Amp Comparator
Package: DIP
Pin: 16
LM324 is a 14pin IC consisting of four independent operational amplifiers (opamps) compensated in a single package. Op-amps are high gain electronic
voltage amplifier with differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. The
output voltage is many times higher than the voltage difference between input
terminals of an op-amp.
These op-amps are operated by a single power supply LM324 and need
for a dual supply is eliminated. They can be used as amplifiers, comparators,
oscillators, rectifiers etc. The conventional op-amp applications can be more
easily implemented with LM324.
5.2 Parameters:
 WIDE GAIN BANDWIDTH : 1.3MHz INPUT COMMON-MODE
VOLTAGE RANGE
 INCLUDES GROUND
 LARGEVOLTAGE GAIN : 100dB
 VERY LOWSUPPLY CURRENT/AMPLI : 375mA
 LOWINPUT BIAS CURRENT : 20nA LOW INPUT OFFSET
VOLTAGE : 5mV MAX
( MORE ACCURATE APPLICATIONS,USE THE EQUIVALPARTS
 LM124A-LM224A-LM324A WHICH FEATURE 3MV MAX)
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 LOWINPUT OFFSET CURRENT : 2nA WIDE POWER SUPPLY
RANGE :
 SINGLE SUPPLY : +3V TO +30V
 DUAL SUPPLIES : ±1.5V TO ±15V
5.3 Pin Diagram:
FIGURE : LM324 PIN DIAGRAM
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5.4 Figure: LM324:
Page | 32
5.5 Description:
These circuits consist of four independent, high gain, internally frequency
compensated operational amplifiers .They operate from a single power supply
over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power supplies is also
possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the
magnitude of the power supply voltage.
5.6 Figure: LM324:
FIGURE : IC LM324
5.7
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5.8
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5.9
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5.10 Graph:
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5.11
Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if
VCC > 15V. The maximum output current is approximately 40mA independent
of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous
short -circuit on al l amplifiers.
The direct ion of the input current is out of the IC. This current is
essential l y constant, independent of the state of the output so no loading
change exists on the input lines.
Vo = 1.4V, Rs = 0W, 5V < VCC
+ < 30V, 0 < Vic < VCC
+ - 1.5V
The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not
be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3V. The upper end of the commonmode voltage range is VCC - 1.5V, but either or both inputs can go to +32V
without damage.
Page | 37
Due to the proximity of external components insure that coupling is not
originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This typically can
be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies.
This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is
driven negative. It is due to the collector -base junction of the input PNP
transistor becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diodes clamps.
In add it ion to this diode act ion, there is also NPN parasitic act ion on
the IC chip. this transistor action can cause the output voltages of the Op-amps
to go to the VCC voltage .
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CHAPTER: 06
ULN2003
6.1 pin diagram:
FIGURE: ULN2003
Page | 39
6.2 Description:
The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current Darlington
transistor arrays. It consists of seven NPN darling ton pairs that features highvoltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diode for switching inductive
loads. The collector-current rating of a single darling ton pair is 500mA. The
darling ton pairs may be paralleled for higher current capability.
Applications include relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display
drivers(LED gas discharge),line drivers, and logic buffers .The ULN2003 has a
2.7kW series base resistor for each darling ton pair for operation directly with
TTL or 5V CMOS devices.
6.3 Features:
 500mA rated collector current(Single output)
 High-voltage outputs: 50V
 Inputs compatible with various types of logic.
 Relay driver application
6.4 Logic diagram:
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6.5 Absolute maximum ratings:
6.6 Electrical characteristic:
Page | 41
CHAPTER: 07
PCB design
7.1 Software design:
 I found my dew sensor circuit and heater circuit from the internet as I said
in the above chapter.
 I have made my complete project on a special purpose PCB.
 I prepared the layout of both of these circuits using dip trace software.
 I learned dip trace software in my college. Then I installed the software
from the internet and started working on it.
 Given below is he detailed description on dip trace software.
7.2 Dip trace:
Dip Trace is EDA software for creating schematic diagrams and printed circuit
boards. The first version of Dip Trace was released in August, 2004. The latest
version as of September 2011 is Dip Trace version 2.2. Interface has been
translated to many languages and new language can be added by user. There are
tutorials in English, Czech, Russian and Turkish. Starting from February 2011
Dip Trace is used as project publishing standard by Parallax.
7.3 Modules:
 Schematic Design Editor
 PCB Layout Editor
 Component Editor
 Pattern Editor
 Shape-Based Auto router
 3D PCB Preview
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7.4 Freeware and Non-Profit versions:
A version of Dip Trace that is freely available with all the functionality of
the full package except it is limited to 300 pins and 2 signal layers.
7.5 Other sources:
 Dip Trace at Seattle Robotics Society meeting
 Dip Trace at Nuts and Volts – October 2006
 Review at C Net
Some hobby and educational groups such as the PICAXE forum members
have developed libraries specific to the PICAXE range of microcontroller as
produced by Revolution Education including many of the frequently used
associated integrated circuits. PICAXE related libraries can be found here:.DIP
TRACE Libraries by and for PICAXE microcontroller users
7.6 External links:
 Dip Trace official Website in English
 Dip Trace Website in Italian
 Dip Trace Website in Turkish
 Novarm Ltd. Official Website in English
7.7 Hardware design:
The hardware design of both the circuit of the project i.e. POTATO
CLEANSER AND DRYER their block diagrams and list of the components
used in these circuits. Wooden frame is used, dryer, motor is also used
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CHAPTER: 08
Program
#include<reg51.h>
Sbit m = P2^0;
Sbit p = P2^1;
Sbit f = P2^2;
Void MSDelay (unsigned int);
Void stop ();
Void ex0_isr (void) interrupt 0
{
Stop ();
}
Void main ()
{
EX0 = 1;
IT0 = 1;
EA = 1;
p=0;
f=0;
While (1)
{
m = 1;
}
}
Void MSDelay (unsigned int item)
{
Unsigned int i;
Unsigned int time;
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For (time=0; time<itime; time++)
{
For (i=0;i<1257;i++);
}
}
Void stop ()
{
MSDelay (230);
m=0;
MSDelay (50);
p=1;
MSDelay (500);
p=0;
MSDelay (50);
m=1;
MSDelay (260);
m=0;
MSDelay (50);
f=1;
MSDelay (600);
f=0;
MSDelay (50);
}
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CHAPTER: 09
9.1 Conclusion:
Cleaning of fruits and vegetables can be atomized without involvement
and supervision of human. This leads to reduction of man power required for
production, which leads to decrease in production cost. Also system can work
24 X 7, giving optimum production without interruption.
9.2 Bibliography:
1. www.electrofriends.com
2. www.wikipedia.com
3. www.engineeringgurage.com
4. www.all.datasheet.com
9.3 Book:
The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems book by Mazidi
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