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“Transforming Live, Inventing Future”/ A Project Report On Automatic Plant of washing potato for raw material of potato chips By 1. Chachadia Swati (106030311003) 2. Hirpara Himani (106030311038) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES, RAJKOT- 360005. [2012 – 2013] Page | 1 A Project Report On Automatic Plant of washing potato for raw material of potato chips In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Diploma of Engineering In EC Engineering Submitted By: Under the Guidance of 1. Chachadia Swati (106030311003) 2. Hirpara Himani (106030311038) Mr. N.V.Bhadresha DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES, RAJKOT- 360005. [2012 – 2013] Page | 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The beauty of stars seems enchanting only in darkness of night, similarly the success of this project report lies directly or indirectly forwarded never ending support by some people. First of all I express my deep gratitude to my respected faculty members without whose support; the project could not have been completed.We thank upon the entire faculty group and administrator of the college for their ever readiness to help us in any circumstances. We are grateful to our college for providing a strong platform to bring out our talent and give a concrete form to our ideas, thoughts and imagination .I greatly thank my faculty guide of the college Mr. Niraj Bhadresha. I would like to import my sincere thanks to: HOD of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Prof. Deepak Jethloja, who provided me all the facilities like laboratory, library and etc. and approved my report. I m also thankful to my external guide and chair person of the industry I visited Mr. Ramesh Patel. Mr. Ramesh Patel is a very genuine person and gave me training giving time from his busy schedule. Lastly I heartily thank all my friends and parents who guided and motivated me to complete my project successfully. “Microcontroller based Automatic Plant of washing potato for raw material of potato chips”. Microcontroller Project Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Atmiya Institute of Technology and Science for Diploma Studies, Rajkot, 2012. Submitted by, 1.Chachadia Swati (106030311003) 2. Hirpara Himani (106030311038) Page | 3 INDEX Topic Page No. Abstract…………………………………………………………………..I List of figure……………………………………………………………..II Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Industry visited……………………………………………………...1 1.2 Dollar namkeen……………………………………………………...1 1.3 Resource feasibility………………………………………………....1 1.4 Technical feasibility………………………………………………...2 1.5 List of components………………………………………………….2 1.6 Detailed problem definition………………………………………...3 Chapter 2:Project circuit 2.1 Circuit diagram……………………………………………………...4 2.2 Circuit description………………………………………………......5 2.3 Working……………………………………………………………..6 2.4 IR sensor figure……………………………………………………..6 2.5 Block diagram……………………………………………………....7 2.6 Description of block diagram……………………………………....7 2.7 Working simulation block………………………………………….8 2.8 IR transceiver devices…………………………………………........8 2.9 Relay…………………………………………………………….......9 2.10 Resistor…………………………………………………………....10 2.11 Capacitor………………………………………………………….12 2.12 Application……………………………………………………….14 Chapter:3 circuit 3.1 Project model……………………………………………………….15 3.2 circuit……………………………………………………………….15 Page | 4 Chapter 4:Microcontroller 8051 3.1 Pin diagram of 8051 3.3 Transmitter lay out………………………………………………….16 3.4 Receiver lay out…………………………………………………..…17 Chapter:4 Microcontroller 8051 4.1 Pin diagram………………………………………………………….19 4.2 Description………………………………………………………….20 Chapter 5:L293D 5.1 IC LM324 quad op amp comparator………………………………22 5.2 Parameters………………………………………………………….22 5.3 Pin diagram……………………………………………………..…..23 5.4 Figure LM324……………………………………………………....24 5.5 Description…………………………………………………………25 5.6 Figure LM324………………………………………………………25 5.7 Absolute max ratings………………………………………………25 5.8 Electric characteristics…………………………………………….26 5.9 Electric characteristics( continued)……………………………….27 5.10 Graph……………………………………………………………...28 5.11 Electric characteristics…………………………………………...29 Chapter 6 : ULN2003 6.1 Pin diagram………………………………………………………....31 6.2 Description…………………………………………………………32 6.3 Features……………………………………………………………..32 6.4 Logic diagram………………………………………………………32 6.5 Absolute max ratings………………………………………………33 6.6 Electrical characteristics………………………………………...…33 Chapter 7: PCB design 7.1 Software design…………………………………………………….34 7.2 Dip trace……………………………………………………………34 7.3 Modules…………………………………………………………….34 7.4 Freeware and non-profit version…………………………………..35 Page | 5 7.5 Other source……………………………………………………...35 7.6 External links…………………………………………………….35 7.7 Hardware design………………………………………………....35 Chapter 8: program………………………………………………...38 Chapter 9: Conclusion 9.1 Bibliography……………………………………………………...38 9.2 Book………………………………………………………………38 Page | 6 List of figure 2.1 Schematic diagram 2.4 IR sensor 2.5 Block diagram 2.7 Working simulation 2.8 IR sensor pair 2.9 Relay 2.10 Resistor 2.11 Capacitor 3.1 Project model 3.2 Circuit 3.3 Transmitter layout 3.4 Receiver 4.1 Pin diagram of 8051 5.3 Pin diagram of LM324 5.4 figure of LM324 5.10 Graph of LM324 6.1 Pin diagram of ULN2003 6.4 Logic diagram of ULN2003 Page | 7 ABSTRACT In this project we have studied the main function of Microcontroller because it is heart of our circuit. It consists of mainly AT89C51 microcontroller which belongs to 8051seires.This project using many namkeen factories. Factories using fruits, vegetables as row material. There is a need of cleaning them. If cleaning is done manually, it takes much time for work. So, through this project we can save our time. When potato comes on conveyor belt, interrupt is send to microcontroller by IR sensor. Which starts motor to drive conveyor belt. Then second IR sensor sends another interrupt to microcontroller and it stop motor and start water spray for pre-defined time. Then after microcontroller start dryer for pre-defined time. After completion of drying, again motor start and conveyor belt carries potato to collection unit. We have worked on this project by working at “dollar Pvt. Ltd. Company” Page | 8 CHAPTER: 01 Introduction: The project we have done is entiled Automatic Plant of washing potato for raw material of potato chips. This is an industrial defined project i.e. IDP. our company name is dollar namkeen Pvt.Ltd. And the title is so given from the problem definition “automatic potato wash and dry”. We got the above mentioned problem definition from our industrial visit to dollar namkeen industry. In factories using vegetables as row material, there is a need of cleaning them. If cleaning is done manually, it takes much time for work, which not requires any manual skills. It also limits production as man can’t work 24X7. It also adds to production cost as man power is required. We have developed an automatic machine, which do not require involvement and supervision of man for the same job. 1.1 Industry visited: For the industrial defined project I visited dollar namkeen (kuwadva). The industry is located in Kuwadva. The best part of this industry is the beautiful environment and friendly atmosphere. The people working in this industry are very genuine and down to earth. They co-operated on my visit to this industry. And helped in every possible manner. 1.2 Dollar namkeen: This company started in 2011.The company adopted advanced food technology. Step by step potato cutting and frying. 1.3 Resource feasibility: All the resources used in this project are easily available. The IR sensor used in this project might be easily to find in the market. Page | 9 1.4 Technical feasibility: After I gave my idea to the industry person, the industry person told that my idea was quite feasible technically and promised to try it on his machines .Thus the project is feasible technically but cannot be used on machines directly because it needs some specifications and data of the machine to make the project fit for machine. But the industry I visited did share the data of the machines and kept them personal. They had some terms and conditions according to which I had to work. And they did give all the detailed specifications of the machines and they even did allow working on their machines.The resources used in this project are quite feasible financially. 1.5 List of components: Components list: R1, R2, R3, R4 ,R5....................................................10K Ohm R6, R7 .......................................................................470 Ohm IR Transmitter- Receiver Pair - 2nos. IC1 - P89V51RD2 Microcontroller Kit IC2 – LM324 Quad Op amp Comparator IC3 – L293D Half H Bridge Motor Driver RELAY 230V, 5 A – 2 nos. DC MOTOR Register The list of components given above shows that all the components are cheap and feasible. The company will not have any problem in using this simple project circuit. Page | 10 1.6 Detailed problem definition: This project solves the many namkeen factories problems. Hear we say about main problem is given below. Requirement more workers More time consuming Low capacity work Page | 11 CHAPTER: 02 Project explanation 2.1 Circuit diagram: FIGURE. 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Page | 12 2.2 Circuit description: One pair of IR sensor is placed at the start of conveyor belt. Transmitter is in forward bias and receiver is in reverse bias. In normal condition voltage across receiver will be near to 0V. Now, when potato is placed on conveyor belt, IR sensor will be obstructed and momentarily voltage across receiver will become equal to VCC (5 V). Now when voltage across receiver becomes 5V, microcontroller needs to start motor to run conveyor belt. But O/P of receiver cannot drive microcontroller input, due to very low current. To solve this problem we have used LM324 comparator IC. O/P of voltage across receiver will be given to non inverting terminal of LM324 IC. Inverting terminal is given reference voltage 1.5 V. Now, in normal condition, TX and RX will be in line on sight so voltage across RX will be near to 0V and comparator O/P is 0V. When potato will obstruct IR sensor, voltage across RX will be 5V, which is given to non inverting terminal of comparator. Thus comparator will give a low to high pulse. The O/P of comparator is given to interrupt pin INTX0 of Microcontroller. When INTX0 pin will get low to high pulse, interrupt service routine will be executed, which will drive dc motor for conveyor through motor driver IC L293D. Now potato will move forward on conveyor and will obstruct second IR sensor. This sensor is also connected to comparator IC in same way as IR sensor 1. This will give interrupt to INTX1 pin of microcontroller. It will stop motor and will start water supply for washing potato. Water will be sprayed for predefined time. After that dryer will be started for predefined time. Page | 13 After completion of washing and drying, again microcontroller will start motor for conveyor and potato will move towards collection box. Water supply and dryer are connected to PIN1.0 and PIN 1.1 of microcontroller via relay. 2.3 Working: When sample comes on conveyor belt, an interrupt is sent to microcontroller by IR sensor, which starts motor to drive conveyor belt. Thus sample proceeds on conveyor belt, and obstruct second IR sensor. This sends another interrupt to microcontroller and it stops motor and starts water spray for pre-defined time period. Then after microcontroller starts dryer for pre-defined time period. After completion of drying, again motor starts and conveyor belt carries sample to collection unit. 2.4 IR sensor figure: FIGURE: IR SENSOR Page | 14 2.5 Block diagram: 2.6 Description of block diagram: In this block diagram we use IR transmitter, IR reciver, microcontroller 8051,stepper motor, washer and dryer. Here, IR transmitter is forward bias and IR receiver is reverse bias. TX and RX will be in line on sight so voltage across RX will be near to 0V and comparator O/P is 0VO/P of voltage across receiver will be given to non inverting terminal. when the IR rays cut Then potato move on conveyor belt. first of fall potato wash and then dry .after collector collect the potato. Page | 15 2.7 Working simulation: FIGURE: WORKING SIMULATION 2.8 IR transreceiver devices: This is the IR Transmitter and Receiver pair matched pair used in our IR proximity, White Line or Micro mouse sensor. It consists of5mm 940 nano meter wave length high power IR LED and photodiode having peak sensitivity at 940 nano meter wavelength. Page | 16 FIGURE: IR SENSOR PAIR 2.9 Relay: A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and most have double throw (changeover) switch contacts as shown in the diagram. Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which can be completely separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the relay between the two circuits; the link is magnetic and mechanical Page | 17 FIGURE: RELAY 2.10 Resistor: A linear resistor is a linear, passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. The current through a resistor is in direct proportion to the voltage across the resistor's terminals. Thus, the ratio of the voltage applied across a resistor's terminals to the intensity of current through the circuit is called resistance. This relation is represented by Ohm's law: Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits. The electrical functionality of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than nine orders of magnitude. When specifying that resistance in an electronic design, the required precision of the resistance may require attention to the manufacturing tolerance of the chosen resistor, according to its specific Page | 18 application. The temperature coefficient of the resistance may also be of concern in some precision applications. Practical resistors are also specified as having a maximum power rating which must exceed the anticipated power dissipation of that resistor in a particular circuit: this is mainly of concern in power electronics applications. Resistors with higher power ratings are physically larger and may require heat sinks. In a high-voltage circuit, attention must sometimes be paid to the rated maximum working voltage of the resistor. Practical resistors have a series inductance and a small parallel capacitance; these specifications can be important in high-frequency applications. In a low-noise amplifier or pre-amp, the noise characteristics of a resistor may be an issue. The unwanted inductance, excess noise, and temperature coefficient are mainly dependent on the technology used in manufacturing the resistor. They are not normally specified individually for a particular family of resistors manufactured using a particular technology. A family of discrete resistors is also characterized according to its form factor, that is, the size of the device and the position of its leads (or terminals) which is relevant in the practical manufacturing of circuits using them. FIGURE: RESISTOR Page | 19 2.11 Capacitor: A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator); for example, one common construction consists of metal foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them. The capacitance is greatest when there is a narrow separation between large areas of conductor; hence capacitor conductors are often called "plates," referring to an early means of construction. In practice, the dielectric between the plates passes a small amount of leakage current and also has an electric field strength limit, resulting in a breakdown voltage, while the conductors and leads introduce an undesired inductance and resistance. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other purposes. The simplest capacitor consists of two parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric with permittivity ε (such as air). The model may also be used to make qualitative predictions for other device geometries. The plates Page | 20 are considered to extend uniformly over an area A and a charge density ±ρ = ±Q/A exists on their surface. Assuming that the width of the plates is much greater than their separation d, the electric field near the centre of the device will be uniform with the magnitude E = ρ/ε. The voltage is defined as the line integral of the electric field between the plates. Solving this for C = Q/V reveals that capacitance increases with area and decreases with separation The capacitance is therefore greatest in devices made from materials with a high permittivity, large plate area, and small distance between plates.We see that the maximum energy is a function of dielectric volume, permittivity, and dielectric strength per distance. So increasing the plate area while decreasing the separation between the plates while maintaining the same volume has no change on the amount of energy the capacitor can store. Care must be taken when increasing the plate separation so that the above assumption of the distance between plates being much smaller than the area of the plates is still valid for these equations to be accurate. FIGURE: CAPACITOR Page | 21 2.12 Application: This system can be used to atomized the work of cleaning fruits or vegetables in factories using them as row material. As it is fully atomized from starting till collection of sample ,there is no need of manual supervision, thus manual lab our can be decreased. It can be integrated with existing atomized plant involving cleaning of fruits and vegetables. Page | 22 Chapter: 03 Circuit 3.1 Project model: ‘/ 3.2 Circuit: Page | 23 3.3 Transmitter lay out: Page | 24 3.4 Receiver lay out: Page | 25 Page | 26 CHAPTER: 04 Microcontroller 8051 4.1 Pin diagram: Microcontroller 8051 Pin: 40 FIGURE : 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER Page | 27 4.2 Description: ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 of the oscillator frequency, for external timing or clocking purposes, even when there are no accesses to external memory. (However, one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory.) This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during EPROM programming. PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory. When the device is executing out of external Program Memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle (except that two PSEN activations are skipped during accesses to external Data Memory). PSEN is not activated when the device is executing out of internal Program Memory. EA/VPP: When EA is held high the CPU executes out of internal Program Memory (unless the Program Counter exceeds 0FFFH in the 80C51). Holding EA low forces the CPU to execute out of external memory regardless of the Program Counter value. In the 80C31, EA must be externally wired low. In the EPROM devices, this pin also receives the programming supply voltage (VPP) during EPROM programming. XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier. XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional port. As an open drain output port, it can sink eight LS TTL loads. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float, and in that state will function as high impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external memory. In this application it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s. Port 0 emits code bytes during program verification. In this application, external pull-ups are required. Page | 28 Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. Port 1 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pull-ups, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the internal pull-ups .Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during accesses to external memory that use 16-bit addresses. In this application, it uses the strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. It also serves the functions of various special features of the 80C51 Family as follows: Page | 29 CHAPTER: 05 IC LM324 5.1 IC2 – LM323 Quad Op Amp Comparator Package: DIP Pin: 16 LM324 is a 14pin IC consisting of four independent operational amplifiers (opamps) compensated in a single package. Op-amps are high gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential input and, usually, a single-ended output. The output voltage is many times higher than the voltage difference between input terminals of an op-amp. These op-amps are operated by a single power supply LM324 and need for a dual supply is eliminated. They can be used as amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, rectifiers etc. The conventional op-amp applications can be more easily implemented with LM324. 5.2 Parameters: WIDE GAIN BANDWIDTH : 1.3MHz INPUT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE RANGE INCLUDES GROUND LARGEVOLTAGE GAIN : 100dB VERY LOWSUPPLY CURRENT/AMPLI : 375mA LOWINPUT BIAS CURRENT : 20nA LOW INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE : 5mV MAX ( MORE ACCURATE APPLICATIONS,USE THE EQUIVALPARTS LM124A-LM224A-LM324A WHICH FEATURE 3MV MAX) Page | 30 LOWINPUT OFFSET CURRENT : 2nA WIDE POWER SUPPLY RANGE : SINGLE SUPPLY : +3V TO +30V DUAL SUPPLIES : ±1.5V TO ±15V 5.3 Pin Diagram: FIGURE : LM324 PIN DIAGRAM Page | 31 5.4 Figure: LM324: Page | 32 5.5 Description: These circuits consist of four independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers .They operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power supplies is also possible and the low power supply current drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage. 5.6 Figure: LM324: FIGURE : IC LM324 5.7 Page | 33 5.8 Page | 34 5.9 Page | 35 5.10 Graph: Page | 36 5.11 Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if VCC > 15V. The maximum output current is approximately 40mA independent of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous short -circuit on al l amplifiers. The direct ion of the input current is out of the IC. This current is essential l y constant, independent of the state of the output so no loading change exists on the input lines. Vo = 1.4V, Rs = 0W, 5V < VCC + < 30V, 0 < Vic < VCC + - 1.5V The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3V. The upper end of the commonmode voltage range is VCC - 1.5V, but either or both inputs can go to +32V without damage. Page | 37 Due to the proximity of external components insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies. This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector -base junction of the input PNP transistor becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diodes clamps. In add it ion to this diode act ion, there is also NPN parasitic act ion on the IC chip. this transistor action can cause the output voltages of the Op-amps to go to the VCC voltage . Page | 38 CHAPTER: 06 ULN2003 6.1 pin diagram: FIGURE: ULN2003 Page | 39 6.2 Description: The ULN2003 is a monolithic high voltage and high current Darlington transistor arrays. It consists of seven NPN darling ton pairs that features highvoltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diode for switching inductive loads. The collector-current rating of a single darling ton pair is 500mA. The darling ton pairs may be paralleled for higher current capability. Applications include relay drivers, hammer drivers, lamp drivers, display drivers(LED gas discharge),line drivers, and logic buffers .The ULN2003 has a 2.7kW series base resistor for each darling ton pair for operation directly with TTL or 5V CMOS devices. 6.3 Features: 500mA rated collector current(Single output) High-voltage outputs: 50V Inputs compatible with various types of logic. Relay driver application 6.4 Logic diagram: Page | 40 6.5 Absolute maximum ratings: 6.6 Electrical characteristic: Page | 41 CHAPTER: 07 PCB design 7.1 Software design: I found my dew sensor circuit and heater circuit from the internet as I said in the above chapter. I have made my complete project on a special purpose PCB. I prepared the layout of both of these circuits using dip trace software. I learned dip trace software in my college. Then I installed the software from the internet and started working on it. Given below is he detailed description on dip trace software. 7.2 Dip trace: Dip Trace is EDA software for creating schematic diagrams and printed circuit boards. The first version of Dip Trace was released in August, 2004. The latest version as of September 2011 is Dip Trace version 2.2. Interface has been translated to many languages and new language can be added by user. There are tutorials in English, Czech, Russian and Turkish. Starting from February 2011 Dip Trace is used as project publishing standard by Parallax. 7.3 Modules: Schematic Design Editor PCB Layout Editor Component Editor Pattern Editor Shape-Based Auto router 3D PCB Preview Page | 42 7.4 Freeware and Non-Profit versions: A version of Dip Trace that is freely available with all the functionality of the full package except it is limited to 300 pins and 2 signal layers. 7.5 Other sources: Dip Trace at Seattle Robotics Society meeting Dip Trace at Nuts and Volts – October 2006 Review at C Net Some hobby and educational groups such as the PICAXE forum members have developed libraries specific to the PICAXE range of microcontroller as produced by Revolution Education including many of the frequently used associated integrated circuits. PICAXE related libraries can be found here:.DIP TRACE Libraries by and for PICAXE microcontroller users 7.6 External links: Dip Trace official Website in English Dip Trace Website in Italian Dip Trace Website in Turkish Novarm Ltd. Official Website in English 7.7 Hardware design: The hardware design of both the circuit of the project i.e. POTATO CLEANSER AND DRYER their block diagrams and list of the components used in these circuits. Wooden frame is used, dryer, motor is also used Page | 43 CHAPTER: 08 Program #include<reg51.h> Sbit m = P2^0; Sbit p = P2^1; Sbit f = P2^2; Void MSDelay (unsigned int); Void stop (); Void ex0_isr (void) interrupt 0 { Stop (); } Void main () { EX0 = 1; IT0 = 1; EA = 1; p=0; f=0; While (1) { m = 1; } } Void MSDelay (unsigned int item) { Unsigned int i; Unsigned int time; Page | 44 For (time=0; time<itime; time++) { For (i=0;i<1257;i++); } } Void stop () { MSDelay (230); m=0; MSDelay (50); p=1; MSDelay (500); p=0; MSDelay (50); m=1; MSDelay (260); m=0; MSDelay (50); f=1; MSDelay (600); f=0; MSDelay (50); } Page | 45 CHAPTER: 09 9.1 Conclusion: Cleaning of fruits and vegetables can be atomized without involvement and supervision of human. This leads to reduction of man power required for production, which leads to decrease in production cost. Also system can work 24 X 7, giving optimum production without interruption. 9.2 Bibliography: 1. www.electrofriends.com 2. www.wikipedia.com 3. www.engineeringgurage.com 4. www.all.datasheet.com 9.3 Book: The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems book by Mazidi Page | 46