Download Digestive System

Digestive System
Medical Terminology
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Structures
Lips (cheil/o)
Mouth (stomat/o0
Tongue (gloss/o; lingu/o)
Salivary glands
– Sublingual
– Submandibular
– Parotid
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Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach (gastr/o)
Small intestine
– Duodenum
– Jejunum
– Ileum (hip = ilium)
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Large intestine
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Cecum
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Rectum
Anus
Structures
• Liver (hepat/o)
• Hepatic duct
• Gallbladder
• Cystic duct
– Cholecyst/o
– Chole = bile
– Cyst = bladder
• Common bile duct
• Pancreas
• Pancreatic duct
Functions (physiology)
All functions aided by
“PERISTALSIS”
• Ingestion
• Digestion
(pepsis)
– Mechanical
» Mouth
» stomach
– Chemical
» Mouth
» Stomach
» Duodenum
» Pancreas
• Absorption
» Jejunum
» Ileum
• Elimination
• Absorption
– Key to rapidity &
completeness:
• Increase surface
area
– Rugae/ plicae
– Villi
– Microvilli
System Terminology
• Gingiv/0 = gums (gingivitis)
• Gastr/o = stomach
• Gastrectomy/ gastrotomy/ gastrostomy
• Enter/o = small intestine (enteritis)
• Proct/o; rect/o = rectal (proctologist)
• Eupepsis/ dyspepsia/ peptic ulcer
System Terminology
• Obstructed bowel
– Volvulus
– Intussusception
Diverticulosis /diverticulitis
Diverticula in the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis is almost always
located in the descending or sigmoid colon.
• Diverticula
• Diverticulosis
• Diverticulitis
Hernia (-cele)
• Types of hernia
– called hernias or –celes
• umbilical hernia
• umbilicocele
– Strangulated (no blood)
– Inguinal
– Hiatal
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In a hiatal hernia part of the
stomach protrudes through the
esophageal opening in the
diaphragm.
Gallbladder disease
• Cholelithiasis
• Choledocholithiasis
• Cholecystitis