Download Unit 3 Periodic Table Vocabulary

Unit 3 Periodic Table Vocabulary
Alkali Metals - Any of a group of soft, white, low-density, low-melting, highly reactive
metallic elements, including lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.
Sentence: You can find alkali metals in the periodic table.
Alkaline Earth Metals - Any of a group of metallic elements that includes beryllium,
magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Because the alkaline-earth metals have two
electrons in their outer shell, they react easily with other elements and are found in nature only in
compounds.
Sentence: You can find alkaline earth metals on the right side of the periodic table.
Halogen - any of the electronegative elements, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, bromine, and
astatine, that form binary salts by direct union with metals.
Sentence: The halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Inner Transition Elements - Elements in the periodic table that have three shells that are
not filled with electrons. The shells are usually the outer three shells. Uranium and holmium are
examples of inner transition elements. The actinide and lanthanide series are all inner transition
elements.
Sentence: Examples of inner transition metals are uranium and holmium.
Lanthanide Series -
a class of 15 chemically related elements with atomic numbers
from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 (lutetium)
Sentence: You can find the Lanthanide series at the second to the bottom row of the
periodic table.
Actinide Series - the series of radioactive elements that starts with actinium and ends with
lawrencium.
Sentence: The Actinide series starts with actinium and is done with lawrencium.
Noble Gas - any of the chemically inert gaseous elements of group 8A or 0 of the
periodic table: helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Sentence: Noble gasses are helium, neon argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
Transition Elements - any element in any of the series of elements with atomic numbers
21–29, 39–47, 57–79, and 89–107, that in a given inner orbital has less than a full quota of
electrons.
Sentence: Transition elements have atomic numbers of 21-29, 39-47, 57-59, and 89-107.
Representative Elements - An element whose highest occupied s or p sublevels are
partially filled. They are the elements in groups 1A-7A in the Periodic Table. They display a
wide range of physical and chemical properties.
Sentence: Representative elements are in the groups of 1A-7A in the periodic table.
Chemical Family - is a tabular display of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of
their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.
Sentence: Chemical families are in the periodic table.
Atomic Number - the number of positive charges or protons in the nucleus of an atom of
a given element, and therefore also the number of electrons normally surrounding the nucleus.
Sentence: The atomic number is the number of the place of which the element is placed.
Periodic Table - a table illustrating the periodic system, in which the chemical elements,
formerly arranged in the order of their atomic weights and now according to their atomic
numbers, are shown in related groups.
Sentence: The Periodic Table classifies and orders the elements in the world.
Protons - a positively charged elementary particle that is a fundamental constituent of all
atomic nuclei. It is the lightest and most stable baryon, having a charge equal in magnitude to
that of the electron, a spin of ½, and a mass of 1.673 × 10− 27 kg. Symbol: P
Sentence: Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus of an atom.
Neutrons - an elementary particle having no charge, mass slightly greater than that of a
proton, and spin of ½: a constituent of the nuclei of all atoms except those of hydrogen. Symbol:
n
Sentence: Neutrons are neutrally charged particles in the nucleus of the atom.
Electrons - Also called negatron. Physics, Chemistry . an elementary particle that is a
fundamental constituent of matter, having a negative charge of 1.602 × 10 −19 coulombs, a
mass of 9.108 × 10 −31 kilograms, and spin of ½, and existing independently or as the
component outside the nucleus of an atom.
Sentence: Electrons are negatively charged particles on the outside of the atom.
Subatomic Particle - Any of various units of matter below the size of an atom, including
the elementary particles and hadrons.
Sentence: Subatomic particles are units of matter below the size of an atom.
Nucleus - a central part about which other parts are grouped or gathered; core: A few
faithful friends formed the nucleus of the club.
Sentence: A nucleus is the core of the nucleus consisting of neutrons and protrons.
Electric Charge - one of the basic properties of the elementary particles of matter giving
rise to all electric and magnetic forces and interactions. The two kinds of charge are given
negative and positive algebraic signs: measured in coulombs.
Sentence: Electric charges are measured in coulombs.
Valence Electrons - an electron of an atom, located in the outermost shell (valence shell)
of the atom, that can be transferred to or shared with another atom.
Sentence: Valence electrons are the outside electrons of an atom.
Atomic Mass - the mass of an isotope of an element measured in units formerly based on
the mass of one hydrogen atom taken as a unit or on 1 / 16 the mass of one oxygen atom, but
after 1961 based on 1 / 12 the mass of the carbon-12 atom. Abbreviation: at. m.
Sentence: The atomic mass is the number at the bottom with decimal numbers.
Groups - is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements.
Sentence: Groups are the vertical columns in the periodic table.
Period - elements arranged in a series of rows
Sentence: Periods are the horizontal rows in the periodic table.
Metals –
a.such a substance in its pure state, as distinguished from alloys.
b.an element yielding positively charged ions in aqueous solutions of its salts.
Sentence: Metals yield positively charged ions.
Non-Metals - an element not having the character of a metal, as carbon or nitrogen.
Sentence: Non-metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.
Metalloids - an element that has both metallic and nonmetallic properties, as arsenic,
silicon, or boron.
Sentence: Metalloids are found on the ladder on the periodic table.
Chemical Symbol – a 1-, 2-, or 3-letter internationally agreed code for a chemical
element
Sentence: A chemical symbol is the capitol and lowercase letters in the boxes in the
periodic table that stand for what element they are.