Download Chapter 8

SOCIOEMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD
Lecture Prepared by: Dr. M. Sawhney



Emotional and Personality Development
o The Self
o Emotional Development
o Moral Development
o Gender

Families
o Parenting
o Child Maltreatment
o Changing Family in a changing society

Erikson’s Theory

Initiative vs. Guilt
o Curiosity to try
something new
o If fails in attempts
leads to low selfesteem
o Can be due to
parental threat,
criticism and
punishment

Self-concept: The view of the self in relations to others
o Ideal self
o Real self
General SelfConcept
Physical
Academic
Social self
Emotional

Self-understanding
o Concrete observable characteristics
o Focus on specific competencies
o Typically positive
o Comparisons with younger self

Understanding others
Expressing Emotions:
Self-conscious emotions
Understanding emotions :
o Certain things will evoke certain
emotions
o Able to relate facial expressions to
specific emotions

Is important for becoming socially competent

Helps make better peer relations

Depends on parents:
o Emotion Coaching
o Emotion dismissing

Is morality innate or learned? Reason?

Moral Feelings:
o Guilt
o Anxiety

Moral Reasoning: Piaget
observation in naturalistic
setting & experimental
method
o Heteronomous morality (4-7
yr)
o Transition period (7-10 yrs)
o Autonomous morality ( 10 yrs
and more)

Reinforcement

Punishment

Imitation

Social environment


Why are boys and girls different before
puberty, even though till puberty they are
almost same
Gender Typing: acquisition of a traditional
masculine or feminine role
Gender Typing
Biological
Influences
Chromosome
& Hormones
Cognitive
Influences
Evolutionary
Psychology
Social
Influences
Social
Theories
Parental
Influences
Peer
Influences

Social Role Theory
o Cultural stereotypes about gender

Psychoanalytic Theory
o Giving up oedipus & electra complex
o Role identification with same parent
• Social Cognitive Theory
• Gender Schema Theory
Brickwall
Backbone
Jellyfish
Accepting, responsive
Rejecting, unresponsive
Demanding, Controlling
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Undemanding,
uncontrolling
Indulgent
Neglectful
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Indulgent
Neglectful
High self esteem
Low self-esteem
impulsive
Low emotional
regulation
Popular with peers
unfriendly
disobedient
High antisocial
behavior
Low antisocial
behavior
unhappy
rebellious
Early sex and drugs
High in coping
skills
Low self
confidence
immature
Difficulties at
school
Parenting in Context

Should children be spanked
and what are the benefits?
o Immediate Compliance
o http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=uPADltNd-_o

Disadvantages:
o High rates of aggression
o Punishment may instill fear
o Physical abuse of the child:
http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=woqtB20jrCI

700,000 U.S. children found to be victims of abuse (U.S.
Department of Health & Human Services, 2011)

Types:
o Physical abuse
o Child neglect
o Sexual abuse:
o Emotional abuse:

Risk factors for child maltreatment
 Parental
 Family
 Community
 Child

Consequences of abuse
 Emotional Consequences
 Adjustment Consequences
 Learning Consequences
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9
eztOqu1EA0

Working parents
o Nature of parents work

Children in divorced
families
o 40percent of children born
to married parents in the
U.S. will experience
parent’s divorce
(Hetherington & Hagan,
2002).

Outcomes
o Poorer adjustment
o Show more externalized
and internalized problems