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BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Course Contents for Subjects with Code: PHY This document only contains details of courses having code PHY. Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 1 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐101 Year 1 Subject Title Elementary Mechanics Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester I Vector derivatives and operations, divergence theorem, Stokes’ theorem, particle dynamics
with emphasis on effect of frictional and drag forces on motion, non-inertial frames and
pseudo forces, work-energy theorem, conservative and non-conservative forces, two particle
and many-particle systems, centre of mass of solid objects, momentum changes in a system
of variable mass.
Collisions in the center-of-mass reference frame, rotational dynamics with emphasis on
Parallel-axis theorem, moment of inertia of bodies of various shapes, combined rotational and
translational motion.
Angular momentum, angular velocity and stability of spinning objects, gravitational effect of
a spherical mass distribution, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
Books Recommended:
Physics Vol. I by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York, 1992.
Physics Vol. I by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York, 2002.
Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 1999.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA, 2000.
Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 2 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐102 Year 1 Subject Title Waves, Oscillations and Optics Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester I Simple and damped harmonic oscillations, forced oscillations and resonance, mechanical
waves, traveling waves, wave equation and power and intensity in wave motion, principle of
superposition, Doppler effect of sound waves.
Interference from thin films, Michelson interferometer, Fresenel’s biprism and its use,
diffraction from multiple slits, diffraction grating, X-ray diffraction and structure of matter,
polarization, description of polarization states, rotation of plane of polarization, holography.
Books Recommended:
1. Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons Inc, New York, 1992.
2. Physics Vol. I & II by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons
Inc, New York, 2002.
3. Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 1999.
4. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA, 2000.
5. Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 3 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐103 Year 1 Subject Title Electricity and Magnetism Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester II Electric field of continuous charge distributions, dipole in an electric field, Applications of
Gauss’ law, calculating the field from the potential, capacitor with dielectric, electric current
density and Ohm’s law, semiconductors and superconductors, magnetic force on a charged
particle, magnetic force on a current, torque on a current loop, magnetic dipole, Biot-Savart
Law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law, motional E.M.F, induced electric fields,
Gauss’ law for magnetism, origin of atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetization, magnetic
materials, induced magnetic fields and displacement current, Maxwell’s equations, generating
an electro-magnetic wave, traveling waves and Maxwell’s equations, energy transport and the
Poynting vector.
Books Recommended:
Physics Vol. II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 1992.
Physics Vol.II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 2002.
Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 1999.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley, Reading
(MA), USA, 2000.
Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 4 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐104 Year 1 Subject Title Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester II Kinetic theory of the ideal gas, work done on an ideal gas, internal energy of an ideal gas,
intermolecular forces.
Statistical mechanics, statistical distribution and mean values, distribution of molecular
speeds, distribution of energies, Brownian motion.
Heat and Thermodynamics; heat, different theories of heat, specific heat, gram molecular
specific heat, laws of thermodynamics, Zeroth law, first law, second law, third law of
thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, indicator diagram, entropy, law of
increase of entropy, temperature-entropy diagram, Maxwell’s thermodynamics relations,
TDS equations, Clapeyron’s equation, entropy and second law of thermodynamics, reversible
and irreversible processes, second law of thermodynamics, Carnot Cycle, Carnot engine,
thermodynamic temperature scale, entropy, low temperature physics.
Thermoelectricity, Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, thermocouple.
Books Recommended:
1. Physics Vol I.&II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York, 1992.
2. Physics Vol I &II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York, 2002.
3. Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 1999.
4. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA,
5. 2000.
6. Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 5 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐111 Year 1 Subject Title Physics‐I (Mechanics & Optics) Discipline Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I Cr. Hrs 3 Semester I Mechanics Vector Operations
Vector in 3 dimensions; Vector derivatives and operation; Gradient, Divergence and Curl of a
vector; Divergence Theorem; Stokes Theorem.
Particle Dynamic
Advanced application of Newton’s laws Dynamics of Uniform motion; Equations of motion;
Time dependent forces; Effect of drag forces on motion; Non inertial frames and pseudo
forces; Non inertial frames and Pseudo forces; Limitations of Newton’s Laws.
Work, Energy and Power
Work done by a constant force, work done by a variable force (1-dimensions); Work done by
a variable (2-dimension) Work energy theorem, General proof of work energy theorem.
Power: Reference Frames.
Conservation of Energy
Conservative, and non conservative forces; One dimensional conservative system; 2,3
dimensional conservative system; Conservation of energy in a system of particles system two
practical system. Center of mass of solid object; Momentum changes in system of variable
mass.
Collisions
Inelastic collision conservation of momentum during collision in center of Mass reference
frame.
Rotational Dynamics
Angular momentum; angular velocity; Overview of rotational Dynamics; Parallel axis
theorem; Determination of momentum of interstice of various shapes; Rotational dynamics of
rigid bodies; combined rotational and transitional motion. Stability of spinning objects, the
spinning Top.
Gravitation
Review of basic concepts of gravitation. Gravitational effect of a spherical mass distribution;
Gravitational Potential Energy; Gravitational field & potential; Universal Gravitational Law.
Bulk Properties of Matters
Elastic Properties of Matter; Fluid Statistics; Fluid Dynamics; Bernoulli Equation; Viscosity.
Optic Topic
Nature of light; Light as an Electro magnetic wave; Interference; Adding of Electromagnetic
wave using phasors; Interference from thin films; Michelson Interferometer; Fresnel Biprism
and its use; Diffraction; Diffraction from multiple slits; Diffraction grating; Holography;
Polarization; Description of polarization states; Rotation of plane of polarization.
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 6 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 3.
4.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young,
Addison – Wesley, Reading (MA), USA
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 7 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐112 Year 1 1.
2.
3.
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6.
Subject Title Physics Lab‐I (Mechanics & Optics) Discipline Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I Cr. Hrs 1 Semester I Surface tension by capillary rise.
Study of compound pendulum and estimate of value of ‘g’
Elastic constants by spiral spring
Modulus of rigidity by dynamic method and static method of Maxwell’s Needle.
Spring Constant by static and dynamic method.
Modulus of rigidity by dynamic method.
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison – Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4.
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 8 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Semester PHY‐113 Physics‐II (Waves & Oscillation) 3 II Year Discipline 1 Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I Harmonic Oscillations:
Simple harmonic oscillation (SHM); Application of S H M; S H M and uniform circular
motion, combinations of Harmonic motion Damped Harmonic Motion.
Wave Topic:
Mechanical waves; Traveling waves; Waves speed; Waves equation; Power and intensity in
wave motion; Principle of superposition. (Basic ideas);
Sound Topic:
Beats Phenomenon; Doppler Effect.
Thermodynamics and Kinetic Theory of Gases:
Kinetic theory of the ideal gas, wok done on an ideal gas internal energy of an ideal gas
Intermolecular forces.
Statistical Mechanics:
Statistical, Distribution and Mean values; Distribution of molecular speeds; Brownian
motion.
Heat: Review of previous concepts; First law of Thermodynamics; Transfer of heat;
Entropy and Second law of Thermodynamics:
Reversible and irreversible Process, Second Law; Cycle; Carnot engines Thermodynamic
temperature scale; Entropy; Joule – Thomson effect
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison – Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4.
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 9 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Semester PHY‐114 Physics Lab‐II (Waves & Oscillation) 1 II Year Discipline 1 Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I 1. Thermo-Couple, Thermal e.m.f. and temperature diagram.
2. Determination of ‘J’ Electrical Method (Calendar and Barnes Method) with compensation
for heat loss.
3. Velocity of Sound by Kundt’s tube.
4. Frequency & A.C. mains by Sonometer.
5. Frequency & A.C. mains by Melde’s Approvals
6. Use of sextant and measurement of altitude with it
7. Wavelengths of sodium D lines by Newton’s Rings.
8. Wavelengths of light by Fresnel’s biprism
9. Wavelength of light by diffraction grating
10. Measurement of the Rotation of the Plane of Polarization
11. Resolving Power of diffraction grating
12. Determination of the radius of Lycopodium Particles
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison – Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4.
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 10 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐121 Year 1 Subject Title Mechanics and Wave Motion (IT) Discipline Information Technology Cr. Hrs 3 Semester I To teach students calculus based general physics by way of learning about the following
topics in depth: Measurement and vectors, Motion in one, two and three dimensions,
Newton’s laws of motions, Work and energy principles, Laws of conservation of momentum
and energy, One- and two-dimensional collisions, Rotational kinematics and dynamics,
Conservation of angular momentum, Gravitation, Oscillations and waves.
Textbook
1. Resnick, Halliday and Krane, Physics, vol. 1. ISBN: 978-0-471-32057-9
Recommended Book
1. University Physics, vol. 1, by Sears and Zemansky, ISBN-10: 0201603365
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 11 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐122 Year 1 Subject Title Electricity & Magnetism (IT) Discipline Information Technology Cr. Hrs 3 Semester II The primary objective of the course is to teach student calculus based general physics,
particularly basic concepts of thermodynamics, electricity, and magnetism. The following
topics will be covered in the course: Temperature, Thermal expansion, Kinetic theory and the
ideal gas, Heat and First law of thermodynamics, Entropy and Second law of
thermodynamics, Review of Vectors, Electric Charge and Coulomb’s law, Electric field,
Gauss’s law, Electric potential, Capacitors and dielectrics, Current and resistance, Ohm’s
Law, Simple resistive circuits (series and parallel), Magnetic field, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s
law of induction, Lien’s Laws, Ampere’s Law and its applications.
Prerequisites
Mechanics and Wave Motion (IT)
Text Book
1. Halliday, Resnick, and Walker, Fundamentals of Physics Extended, Sixth Edition,
ISBN: 978-0-471-32000-5
Recommended Books
1. Sears and Zemansky, University Physics, vol. 1 and 2. ISBN-10: 0201603365
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 12 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐201 Year 2 Subject Title Concepts of Modern Physics Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester III Quantum physics: Thermal radiation (black body radiation), quantization of energy, The
photoelectric effect, Einstein’s photon theory, the Compton effect, line spectra, wave
behavior of particles, Testing de Broglie’s hypothesis, waves, waves packets and particles,
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Wave function, Schrödinger equation, trapped particles
and probability densities, the correspondence principle, dual nature of matter (waves and
particles).
Atomic physics: The atomic structure of hydrogen, Bohr’s theory, angular momentum of
electrons, electron spin, X-ray spectrum, development of periodic table, laser.
Nuclear physics: Discovering the nucleus, some nuclear properties, radioactive decay,
measuring ionizing radiation, natural radioactivity, nuclear reaction.
Energy from the nucleus, nuclear fission, nuclear reactor, thermonuclear fusion, controlled
thermonuclear fusion.
Solid state physics: Electrons in solids, free electron gas, semiconductors and insulators,
semiconductor devices, superconductivity.
Books Recommended:
1. Physics Vol. II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 4th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York, 1992.
2. Physics Vol.II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley
and Sons Inc, New York, 2002.
3. Fundamental of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, 5th Edition, John Wiley and
Sons Inc, New York, 1999.
4. University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison-Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA, 2000.
5. Physics by Alonso and Finn: Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA), USA, 1999.
6. Concepts of Modern Physics by A. Beiser: McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 1988.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 13 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐202 Year 2 1.
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7.
8.
Subject Title General Physics Lab‐I Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 2 Semester III The Harmonic Oscillation of Helical springs-parallel and series connection of spring
Measuring moments of inertia of different bodies disc-Hollow of Solid cylinder
Measurement of the speed of sound in air
Coherence & width of spectral lines
Diffraction intensity at slit of double slit system
Stephen-Boltzmann’s law of Radiation
Characteristics curve of a solar cell
Magnetic field of paired coils in Helmoltz coils
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 14 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐203 Year 2 Subject Title Basic Electronics Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester IV Circuit Analysis: Network theorems, AC circuit analysis using the j operator.
Semiconductor Devices and Applications: The pn junction diode, Rectifier circuits,
Clippers, Clampers, Voltage multipliers.
Bipolar Junction Transistor and Its Biasing: Basic transistor configurations, The dc biasing
circuits and bias stabilization.
Field Effect Transistor and FET DC Biasing:
The depletion-mode JFET, The depletion-mode MOSFET, The enhancement-mode FET, The
dc biasing circuits and bias stabilization.
Bipolar Junction Transistor Models: The rC model, The hybrid equivalent model, Graphical
determination of h-parameters, Variation of transistor parameters.
BJT Small-Signal Analysis: The CE fixed-bias, self-bias and voltage-divider amplifiers, The
emitter follower, The CB amplifier, Complete hybrid equivalent model.
FET Small-Signal Analysis: The JFET fixed bias, self-bias, voltage-divider and sourcefollower amplifiers.
Books Recommended:
1. Basic Electronics by B. Grob, 8th Edition, Glencoe-McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
(USA), 2002.
2. Introductory Circuit Analysis by Robert L. Boylestad, 6th Edi., Merril Publ. Co.
Columbus, Ohio (USA) 1990.
3. Electronic Devices by Thomas L. Floyd: 5th Edition Prentice-Hall Inter. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, (USA), 1999.
4. Electronic Principles by Albert P. Malvino, 5th Edition Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York (USA) 1993.
5. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits by Robert T. Paynter, Prentice-Hall
Intern. Inc. Upper Saddle River N.Y. USA, 1997
6. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory by Robert Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky 6th
Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc., (USA), 1996
7. Electronic Devices and Circuits, by Theodre F. Bogart, Jr. 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall,
Upper Saddle River, NJ (USA) 1997.
8. Electronic Circuits and Systems, by J. D. Ryder, Charles M. Thomson, Prentice-Hall
Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (USA) 1976.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 15 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐204 Year 2 Subject Title General Physics Lab‐II Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 2 Semester IV Interference of light Fresnel Biprism
Measurement of wavelengths of sodium light, difference of wave lengths and thickness of
thin film e.g. mica using Michelson interferometer.
The determination of Cauchy’s constants using spectrometer.
Determining the modulus of elasticity.
Investigating the Fourier transforms: simulation of the Fourier analysis and synthesis.
Determining resistances using a Wheatstone bridge.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 16 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐211 Year 2 Subject Title Physics‐III (Electricity & Magnetism) Discipline Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I Cr. Hrs 3 Semester III Electrostatics
Electric Charge; Conductors and Insulators; Vector form of coulomb’s law.
Electric Field
Electric field of continuous charged stribution; Point charge in an electric field; Dipole in an
electric field. Gauss’s Law; Application of Gauss’s Law (Integral Form).
Electric Potential
Calculating the field from the potential; Capacitors and dielectrics; Capacitor with dielectric.
Electric Current
Electric Current; Ohm’s Law; Energy transfer in the electric circuit; Semiconductors; Super
conductor.
DC Circuits
Calculating the current in a single loop, multiple loops; voltages at various elements of a
loop; RC circuits.
Magnetism Magnetic Field Effects
Magnetic field, B. Magnetic force on a charged particle magnetic force on a charged particle
magnetic force on a current; Torque on a current loop; Magnetic dipole.
Ampere’s Law
Biot-Savart Law; Ampere’s Law.
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s Law; Lenz’s Law; Motional E.M.F. Induced electric fields.
Magnetic Properties of Matter
Gauss Law for Magnetism; Origin of Atomic and Nuclear magnetization; Magnetic
Materials.
Inductance
Inductance; LR Circuits; Energy stored in magnetic field; Electromagnetic; Oscillation.
Alternating Current Circuits
Alternating Current; Single loop RLC circuit; Power in a.c. circuits; Transformer.
Maxwell’s Equations
Summarizing ht electromagnetic equation; Induced magnetic fields & displacement current;
Maxwell’s equations.
Electromagnetic Waves
Generating an electromagnetic wave; Traveling waves and Maxwell’s equation; Energy
transport and the Poynting Vector.
Electronics
Semiconductor materials; Junction diode; Transistor; Transistor, biasing; Transistor as an
amplifier; Amplification with feedback; Oscillators; Logic Gates
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 17 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges 3.
4.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young,
Addison – Wesley, Reading (MA), USA.
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 18 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Semester PHY‐212 Physics Lab‐III (Electricity & Magnetism) 1 III Year Discipline 2 Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I 1. Measurement of resistance using a neon flash bulb and condenser
2. I-H Curve by Magnetometer
3. Conversion of a Pointer Galvanometer into a voltmeter
4. Conversion of a Pointer Galvanometer into an ammeter
5. Calibration of a meter and voltmeter by potentiometer
6. Low resistance by Carey Foster bridge
7. Charge sensitivity of a ballistic galvanometer taking into account Logarithmic decrement
8. Comparison of capacities by ballistic galvanometer
9. Determination of temperature coefficient of a resistance
10. Measurement of magnetic field by fluxmeter or by search coil method.
11. Measurement of H by earth inductor.
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison – Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4.
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 19 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐213 Year 2 Subject Title Physics‐IV (Concepts of Modern Physics) Discipline Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I Cr. Hrs 3 Semester IV Quantum Physics:
Thermal Radiations (Black body radiation); The quantization of Energy; The Photoelectric
effect; Einstein’s photon theory; The Compton effect; Line Spectra.
Wave Nature of Matter:
Wave behavior of particles; Testing De Broglie’s hypothesis; Waves, Wave packets and
particles; Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (HUP); Wave Function; Schrödinger Equation.
States and Energy Levels:
Trapped Particles and Probability; Densities; The correspondence principles; Dual nature of
matter (waves & particles)
Atomic and Nuclear Physics Atomic Structure of Hydrogen:
Bohr’s Theory; Angular Momentum of Electrons; Electron Spin; X-ray Spectrum; X-Ray &
Atomic number; Development of periodic table; Laser.
Nuclear Physics:
Discovering the nucleus; Some nuclear properties; Radioactive decay; Alpha decay; Beta
decay; Measuring ionizing radiation (Units); Natural Radioactive; Nuclear Reactions; Energy
from the nucleus; Nuclear fission; Nuclear Reactors; Thermonuclear Fusion (T.N.F.);
Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion.
Practical Paper:
Mechanics, Thermodynamics, Sound, Optics and Electricity or Magnetism:
Special theory of Relativity:
Trouble with classical Mechanics; Postulates of Relativity; The Lorentz Transformation
inverse transformation Consequences of Lorentz transformation; Relativistic momentum;
Relativistic energy.
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison – Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4.
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 20 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Semester PHY‐214 Physics‐IV (Concepts of Modern Physics) 1 IV Year Discipline 2 Chemistry‐II, Mathematics‐I, Statistics‐I 1. Variation of photo-electric current with the intensity of light
2. Measurement of Planck’s constant using spectrometer
3. Determination of e.m. of electron by deflection method
4. Determination of ionization potential of mercury
5. Acceptor circuit
6. Rejecter circuit
7. Characteristic curves of G.M. Counter
8. Setting up half and full wave rectifiers and the study of the waveshape on oscilloscope
effect of smoothing circuit on ripple voltage.
9. To set up a transistor as an oscillator and to measure its frequency by an oscilloscope
10. Triode valve as a single stage voltage amplifier and measurement of its gain by an
oscilloscope
11. To draw the characteristics of a semi-conductor diode.
12. Setting up a single stage transistor amplifier and measurement of voltage gain
13. Determination of range of Alpha Particles
14. Stopping power for alpha particles in air equivalent of Mica, Ag, Cu and Al.
15. Absorption coefficient of Beta-particles, using and End-on-Geiger Counter
16. To study the voltage current characteristics of an electric Discharge in gases at low
pressures
17. Production of vacuum and its rought measurement with a monometer
18. Production of X-rays and the demonstration of their effect on a fluorescent screen.
19. To set up a High-Frequency Oscillator and measure its frequency, with a wave meter.
Recommended Books:
1.
Physics Vol. I & II (extended) by Resnick, Halliday and Karne, 4th and Sons Inc, New
York.
2.
Fundamentals of Physics by Halliday Resnick and Krane, John Wiley and Sons Inc,
New York.
3.
University Physics 8th Edition by Sears, Zemansky and Young, Addison – Wesley,
Reading (MA), USA.
4.
Physics by Alonso and Finn; Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) USA.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 21 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Semester PHY‐301 Classical Mechanics 3 V Year Discipline 3 Physics Historical development of classical mechanics, Newtonian mechanics and its limitations,
Lagrangian formulation in generalized coordinates, calculus of variation, Hamilton’s
principle, Lagrange’s equation, space time symmetries and conservation laws, homogeneity
and isotropy, cyclic coordinates, integrals of motion.
Central force, two-body central problem, Kepler’s problem, planetary orbits and their
equations, perturbation of orbits.
Legendre’s transformation, Hamiltonian and Hamilton’s equations of motion, Routhian,
configuration space, phase space and state space.
Canonical transformations and their properties, canonical transformation of the free particle
Hamiltonian, Poisson brackets and their properties, Poisson’s theorems, invariance of
Poisson’s brackets under canonical transformations.
Books Recommended:
1. Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1950.
2. Mechanics by L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, , Pergamon ,Oxford. 1960.
3. Classical Mechanics by J. W. Leech Methuen and Co. Ltd., London, 1958.
4. Classical Mechanics by V. D. Barger and M. G. Olsson, McGraw-Hill, New York,
1995.
5. Analytical Mechanics by L. N. Hand and J. D. Finch, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1998.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 22 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code Subject Title Cr. Hrs Semester PHY‐302 Mathematical Methods of Physics‐I 3 V Year Discipline 3 Physics Vectors, divergence theorem, Green’s theorem, Stokes’s theorem, curvilinear coordinates,
orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, gradient in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, divergence
and curl in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, Laplacian, spherical polar coordinates.
Complex numbers, Euler’s formula, De Moivre’s theorem, elementary functions, analytic
functions of complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann equation, harmonic functions, complex
integration, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor and Laurent series,
Contour integrals, singularities and residues, residue theorem, poles on the real axis, branch
points and integrals of multivalued functions.
Tensors, coordinate transformation, rank of a tensor, covariant and contravariant tensors,
Tensor algebra, metric tensor, Christoffel symbols, equation of geodesic, Riemann tensor.
Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Wiley, New York, 1999.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, A. Press,
New York, 1995.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and
S. J. Bence, ambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
4. Complex Variable by Murray R Spiegel, Schaum’s outlines series, McGraw Hill
1974.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 23 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐303 Year 3 Subject Title Solid State Physics‐I Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester V Crystal structure, periodic arrays of atoms, fundamental types of lattices, index system for
crystal planes, simple crystal structures, direct imaging of atomic structure, non-ideal crystal
structures, reciprocal lattice, Diffraction of waves by crystals, scattered wave amplitude,
Brillouin zones, Fourier analysis of the basis, quasi crystals, crystal binding and elastic
constants, crystals of inert gases, ionic crystals, covalent crystals, metals, hydrogen bonds,
analysis of elastic strains, elastic compliance and stiffness constants, elastic waves in cubic
crystals.
Vibrations of crystals with monatomic basis, two atoms per primitive basis, quantization of
elastic waves, phonon momentum, inelastic scattering by phonons, Phonon heat capacity,
anharmonic crystal interactions, thermal conductivity, electronic heat capacity.
Noncrystalline solids, diffraction pattern, glasses, amorphous ferromagnets and
semiconductors
Books Recommended:
1. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1996.
2. Solid State Physics by Neil W. Ashcroft, N. David Mermin, CBS Publishing Asia Ltd.
1987.
3. Solid State Physics by J. S. Blakemore, Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 24 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐304 Year 3 Subject Title Electronic Devices and Circuits Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 4 Semester V BJT and FET Frequency Response: General Frequency Considerations, Low-frequency
analysis-Bode Plot, Low-frequency Response in BJT and FET Amplifiers, The Miller effect,
High-frequency Response in BJT and FE amplifiers, Multistage Effects.
Negative Feedback and Oscillator Circuits: Feedback Concepts, Feedback Types, Practical
Feedback Circuits, Oscillator Operation, Phase-shift Oscillator, Colpitts and Hartley
Oscillator, Armstrong Oscillator, Wien Bridge Oscillator, Crystal Oscillator. Astable
Multivibrator, Monosatble Multivibrator, Bistable Multivibrator, Schmitt-trigger circuit.
Power Amplifiers: Class A, Class B and Class C Amplifiers, Class AB Amplifier, Other
Power Amplifier Circuits, Power Transistor and Heat Sink.
Operational Amplifiers: Differential Amplifier Circuit, Inverting and Non-inverting
configuration, frequency response operational amplifier, OPAM Basics, Practical OPAM
Circuits, Constant-gain Amplifier, Voltage Summing,Voltage Buffer.
Power Supplies: Capacitor Filter, π-Filter, π-R Filter, Discrete Transistor Voltage Regulation,
Regulation by Zener Diode.
Special Diodes: Varactor, Light Emitting Diode, Zener Diode, Photodiode, Tunnel Diode,
Shockley Diode, SCR, Light-activated SCR, Diac, Triac, Unijunction Transistor, LCD.
Introduction to Digital Electronics: The Number Systems, combinational and sequential
systems, adder circuits and flip-flops.
Books Recommended:
1. Electronic Devices by Thomas L. Floyd: 5th Edition Prentice-Hall Inter. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, (USA), 1999.
2. Electronic Principles by Albert P. Malvino, 5th Edition Glencoe-McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York (USA) 1993.
3. Introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits by Robert T. Paynter, Prentice-Hall
Intern. Inc. Upper Saddle River N.Y. USA, 1997
4. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory by Robert Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky 6th
Edition, Prentice-Hall International, Inc., (USA), 1996
5. Electronic Devices and Circuits, by Theodre F. Bogart, Jr. 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall,
Upper Saddle River, NJ (USA) 1997.
6. Electronic Circuits and Systems, by J. D. Ryder, Charles M. Thomson, Prentice-Hall
Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (USA) 1976.
7. Digital Technology by Louis Nashesky, John Wiley and Sons, New york (USA),
1983.
8. Digital Fundamentals by Thomas L. Floyd, #rd Ed. Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs (USA), 1986.
9. Digital Systems by Ronald J.Tocci, Prentice-Hall Intern. Inc., Englewood Cliffs
(USA), 1995.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 25 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐305 Year 3 Subject Title Quantum Mechanics‐I Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester V Quantum Mechanics of One dimensional Problems: Review of concepts of classical
mechanics, State of a system, Properties of one dimensional potential functions, Functions
and expectation values, Dirac notation and Hermitian operators, Solutions of Schrodinger
equations for free particles, The potential carrier problems, The linear harmonic Oscillator.
Formalism of Quantum Mechanics: The state of a system, Dynamical variables and operators,
Commuting observable, Heisenberg Uncertainty relations, Time evaluation of a system,
Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures, Symmetry principles and conservation laws.
Angular Momentum: Orbital angular momentum, Angular momenta, The eigenvalues and
eigen functions of L and Lz.
Schrodinger Equation in Three Dimensions: Separation of Schrodinger equation in cartesian
coordinates, Central potentials, The free particle, three dimensional square well potential, The
hydrogenic atom, Three dimensional square well potential, The hydrogenic atom.
Books Recommended:
1. Introductory Quantum Mechanic by B.H. Bransden & C.J. Joachain, Longman
Scientific & Technical London, 1990.
2. A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics by J.S. Townsend, McGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore, 1992.
3. An Introduction Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts, 1980.
4. Introductory Quantum Mechanics by R.L. Liboff, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts, 1980.
5. Theory of Quanta by Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J.Kaminski, Oxford University
Press, New York, 1992.
6. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Springer Veriag, Berlin, 1990.
7. Quantum Mechanics by F. Schwable, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1992.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 26 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐306 Year 3 Subject Title Physics Lab‐III (Modern Physics) Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 4 Semester V 1. Determining the specific Heat of Solids
2. To determine the characteristic of G. M. tube and measure the range and maximum
energy of β particles.
3. Characteristics of G.M. counter and study of fluctuations in random process.
4. Determining velocity of viscous fluids using a falling-ball viscometer.
5. Determining the specific heats of solids.
6. Measuring magnetic field of (i) a straight conductor and (ii) a pair of coils in the
Helmholtz configuration.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 27 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐307 Year 3 Subject Title Mathematical Methods of Physics‐II Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester VI Special functions, Hermite polynomial, Legendre and associate Legendre polynomial,
Laguerre polynomial, Bessel function, Neumann function, Hankel function, Modified and
spherical Bessel function, Gamma function, error function.
Fourier series, cosine and sine series, change of interval, Fourier integral, complex form of
Fourier series, Fourier transform, Fourier transform of derivatives, convolution theorem,
Laplace transform, Laplace transform of derivatives, applications of Fourier and Laplace
transforms.
Boundary value problem in physics, boundary value problems and series solution, the SturnLiouville problem, non-homogeneous boundary value problem and Green’s function, Green’s
function for one-dimensional problem, eigenfunction expansion of Green’s function, Green’s
function in higher dimensions, Green’s function for Poisson’s equation, quantum mechanical
scattering problem.
Book Recommended:
1. Advanced Engineering Mathematics by E. Kreyszig, Wiley, New York, 1999.
2. Mathematical Methods for Physicists by G. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, A Press, New
York, 1995.
3. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineering by K. F. Riley, M. P. Hobson and
S. J. Bence, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 28 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐308 Year 3 Subject Title Solid State Physics‐II Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester VI Energy levels in one dimension, effect of temperature on the Fermi-Dirac distribution, free
electron gas in three dimensions, heat capacity of the electron gas, experimental electrical
resistivity of metals, umklapp scattering, motion in magnetic fields, Hall effect, thermal
conductivity of metals, ratio of thermal to electrical conductivity, nanostructures.
Nearly free electron model, origin of the energy gap, magnitude of the energy gap, Bloch
functions, wave equation of an electron in a periodic potential, crystal momentum of an
electron, solution of the central equation, empty lattice approximation, approximate solution
near a zone boundary, number of orbital in a band, metals and insulators.
Band gap, equation of motion, effective mass, physical interpretation of the effective mass,
effective masses in semiconductors, silicon and germanium, intrinsic carrier concentration,
intrinsic mobility, impurity conductivity, donor states, acceptor states, thermal ionization of
donors and acceptors, thermoelectric effects, semimetals, superlattices.
Books Recommended:
1. Solid State Physics by Blakemore: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
2. Solid State Physics by Neil W. Ashcroft and David Mermin: CBS Publ. Co. 1987.
3. Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle 7th Edition: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
1996.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 29 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐309 Year 3 Subject Title Quantum Mechanics‐II Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester VI Matrix Mechanics: Linear vector space, orthogonal systems, linear transformations, matrices,
change of basis, Hilbert space, Dirac Notation, matrix representation, diagonalization,
examples.
Identical Particles and Second Quantization: Indistinguishability of identical particles,
Systems of identical particles, Quantum dynamics of identical particle systems. Angular
momenta and spin 1/2 boson operators,
Approximate Methods: Time independent perturbation theory for non degenerate levels, The
variational method, The WKB approximation, Time dependent perturbation theory.
The Theory of Scattering: Scattering experiments and cross sections, Potential scattering, The
method of partial waves, The Bom approximation.
Books Recommended:
1. Introductory Quantum Mechanic by B.H. Bransden & C.J. Joachain, Longman
Scientific & Technical London, 1990.
2. A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics by J.S. Townsend, McGraw Hill Book
Company, Singapore, 1992.
3. An Introduction Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts, 1980.
4. Introductory Quantum Mechanics by R.L. Liboff, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, Reading Massachusetts, 1980.
5. Theory of Quanta by Bialynicki-Birula, M. Cieplak & J.Kaminski, Oxford University
Press, New York, 1992.
6. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by W.Greiner, Springer Veriag, Berlin, 1990.
7. Quantum Mechanics by F. Schwable, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 1992.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 30 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐310 Year 3 Subject Title Digital Electronics Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester VI Number Systems: Binary, octal, hexadecimal number system, conversion of different
systems, Digital codes.
Implementations of Logic Functions by Logic Gates:
Boolean algebra, logic gates and their application in logic design, Karnaugh maps and its use
in some design problems, code converter logic design.
Analog to Digital Conversion: Digital to analog conversion, converter Specifications.
Synchronous Logic: Sequential logic, Flip Flops; R-S, T, D, Master-Slave J-K Flip Flop,
basic binary ripple counter, modulus counters, parallel and up-down counter application as
digital time (clock), arithmetic functions, shift registers, semi-conductor memory,
programmable logic devices, (GAL, PAL).
Digital Computer: Concept of computer system
Books Recommended:
1. Introduction to Digital Computer Technology by Mashelsky (Wiley),
2. Pulse Digital and Switching Wave forms by Millman and Taub (McGraw-Hill)
3. Electronic and Radio Engineering by F.E. Terman McGraw-Hill.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 31 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐311 Year 3 Subject Title Computational Physics‐I Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 3 Semester VI Physics problems solving using Numerical methods, Euler-Newton method for solving
differential equations, the trapezoidal rule for numerical quadrature and applications of
random number, brownian motion, solution of integral equations, linear algebra, solution of
linear algebraic equations, sorting and curve fitting.
Programming techniques in practical applications to advanced Physics problems.
Introduction to simulation techniques and computer graphics, use of computation and
computer graphics to simulate the behavior of complex Physical systems, computational
techniques in investigating and visualizing fundamental physics, scientific packages,
introduction to Scientific work bench for problem solving in electronics.
Books Recommended:
1. Computational Physics by J.M. Thijssen, CUP (1999).
2. Computational Methods in Physic, Chemistry and Biology by P.Harrison, John Willey
and Sons (2001).
3. A First Course in Computational Physics by Paul L. Devries, John Willey and Sons.
N.Y. (1994).
4. Computational Physics by Henry J. Gardner, World Scientific, Singapore (1997).
5. Numerical Recipes: The Art of Scientific Computing by William H. Press, Brian P.
Flannery, Saul A. Teukolsky, and William T. Vetterling Cambridge University Press,
(1988).
6. Mathematica for Physics: Robert L. Zimmerman Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, 1994.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 32 BS (4 Years) for Affiliated Colleges Code PHY‐312 Year 3 Subject Title Physics Lab‐IV (Electronics) Discipline Physics Cr. Hrs 4 Semester VI The students will have to perform at least EIGHT experiments from the list given below:
1. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output without and with a capacitor filter.
2. Design a full-wave rectifier and study its output with a π-filter.
3. Design a regulated power supply using Zener diode and study its regulation.
4. Design clipper and clamping circuits and study the output waveshapes.
5. Design circuits for logic gates (NOT, OR, NOR, AND, NAND, XOR) using discrete
components.
6. Design differentiator and integrator circuits and study output waveshapes.
7. Design a CE amplifier and study its frequency response. Determine its low- and upperlimit frequencies and also the bandwidth.
8. Design an emitter amplifier and determine its input and output impedance.
9. Design an RC phase-shift oscillator and determine its frequency by Lissajous figures.
10. Design an astable multivibrator and determine its frequency.
11. Design a transformer-coupled class A power amplifier and determine its ac power
delivered to the load and percent efficiency.
Center for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab 33 BS (4 Ye
ears) for A
Affiliated Co
olleges
Code
Subjecct Title
PHY-4011
Yeear
4
STATISTIC
CAL MECHA
ANICS
C Hrs
Cr.
Sem
mester
3
V
VII
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Classical statistical mechanics,
m
phase space description of physical systems, maacro systemss and
microsysttems, ensemb
bles, entropyy in statisticcal mechanics, micro canonical
c
enssemble, canoonical
ensemble,, grand canon
nical ensemblee, diatomic molecules,
m
heaat capacities of
o diatomic gaasses and crysstals.
Quantum statistics, baasic concept of quantum statistics, Paauli exclusionn principle, Bose-Einstein
B
n and
Fermi-Dirrac distributio
ons, frequenccy spectrum of a black boody and Plannck’s radiatioon law, Liouvville’s
theorem, equality
e
of prrobability forr the perfect gas,
g energy diistribution of conduction electrons
e
in metals,
m
degree off gas degeneerations, com
mpletely degennerate Fermii-Dirac gas, concept of fluctuations,
f
B
BoseEinstein condensation,
c
introduction to density maatrix approachh.
d:
Books Reecommended
1. E
Elementary Sta
atistical Physsics by C. Kitttle John Wileey, New Yorkk, 1958.
2. Fundamentals
F
of Statisticall and Thermaal Physics byy R. Reif McGraw-Hill Edducation - Euurope;
Jaanuary 1, 196
65.
3. Modern
M
Physiccs An Introduucing to its Mathematical
Ma
L
Language
by William A. Blanped.
B
4. Sttatistical Phyysics by A.J. Pointon,
P
publiisher Longmaan, 1967.
BS (4 Years) forr Affiliated Colleges
Code
PHY-402
Yeear
4
Subject Title
CLASSIC
CAL ELECT
TRODYNAM
MICS-I
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Course Outlines:
O
Equation of Poisson and Laplacee, applicationns of Laplacee’s equation to problemss (conductorss and
dielectricss) having sp
pherical cylinndrical and Cartesian
C
sym
mmetry, elecctrical imagess (conductorss and
dielectricss).
Electric Current:
C
Natu
ure of the currrent, currentt density and equation of continuity, Ohm’s
O
law, steady
s
current inn media without sources off e.m.f., approoach to electroostatic equilibbrium.
Magnetic induction, fo
orce on curreent carrying conductors,
c
B
Biot-Sawart
laaw, Ampere’ss circuital law
w, the
magnetic vector and sccalar potentialls, the magnetic field of a distant
d
circuitt.
v
M andd H producedd by magnetizzed materialss field
Magnetic Properties off Matter: Magnetisation, vectors
equation, boundary con
nditions on thhe field vectorrs.
a their Appplications: Maaxwell’s equaations and the generalizatioon of the Amppere’s
Maxwell’s Equations and
g
law, elecctromagnetic energy, vecctor and scalar potentials, gauge traansformationss (Lorentz gauge,
coulombss guage), pressure of radiattions.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
Classical Electrodynamics by
C
b Jackson, Wiley,
W
1975.
E
Electricity
and
d Magnetism by
b W. J. Dufffin, McGraw--Hill, 1990.
E
Electromagnet
tism by I.S. Grant
G
and W. R.
R Phillips Wiley,
W
1990.
Inntroduction to
o Electrodynaamics by D. Griffiths
G
Prenttice Hall, 19889.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-403
Yeear
4
Subject Title
N
NUCLEAR
P
PHYSICS-I
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Basic Properties of Nu
ucleus: Size annd mass of thhe nucleus, nuuclear spin, magnetic
m
dipolle moment, ellectric
quadrupolle moment, parity and nucclear statisticss.
Detectors: Passage off charged particles throuugh matter, ionisation chamber,
c
proportional counter,
scintillatioon counter, seemi-conductoor detector, em
mulsion technnique, bubble chamber, Parrticle Accelerrators:
Linear andd orbital acceelerators, Vann de Graff, bettatron, synchrrocyclotorn, proton
p
synchrrotoron.
Radio-Acctive Decay: Theory
T
of alppha decay, annd explanation of observedd phenoma, measurement
m
of βray energgies, the magn
netic lense sppectrometer, Fermi theoryy of β-decay, neutrino hyppothesis, theoory of
gamma deecay, multipo
olarity of gam
mma-rays, nuclear isomerism
m.
Nuclear Forces:
F
Yukaw
wa theory, prroton-proton and neutron--proton scatteering, charge independencce and
spin depeendence of nuclear
n
force, isotopic sppin, Nuclear Models: Liqquid drop moodel, shell model,
m
collectivee model.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
N
Nuclei
and parrticles by E. Serge,
S
1980.
A Text Book off Nuclear Phyysics by C.M..H. Smith, Perrgamon Presss Oxford, 19666.
N
Nuclear
Physiccs by I. Kaplaan, Addison-W
Wesley, 19800.
Inntroductory Nuclear
N
Physiics by Krane, 1980.
C
Concepts
of Modern
M
Physiccs by Beiser, 1980.
1
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-404
Yeear
4
Subject Title
RELAT
TIVITY AND
D COSMOLO
OGY
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
O
Course Outlines:
Special Relativity,
R
Galilean
G
relattivity, conceept of ether,, Michelson--Morley experiment, Eisstein’s
postulatess of special relativity,
r
Loorentz transfoormations, strructure of spaacetime, Minnkowski spaccetime
tensors, thhe light-conee, line elemennt, four-vectoors, relativity of simultaneeity, time dilaation, proper time,
length conntraction, twiin paradox, velocity
v
transformation annd velocity adddition. Relattivistic Mechanics,
Force equuation in relativity, rest maass, kinetic annd total energyy, conservatioon of energy and
a momentuum.
Elements of Tensor Calculus:
C
Mannifolds and cooordinates, cuurves and surrfaces, tensorr fields, geoddesics,
Riemann tensor, metricc tensor, Einsstein’s tensor.
General Relativity:
R
Prrinciples of general relattivity, equatioon of geodessics deviationn, Einstein’s field
equations.
Cosmologgy: Newtonian
n cosmology,, cosmologicaal redshift, Huubble’s law, microwave
m
baackground, thhe Big
Bang, FRW metric.
d:
Books Reecommended
1. D
Dynamics and
d Relativity, byy W. D. McC
Comb, OxforddUniversity Prress, 1999.
2. Inntroduction to
o Cosmology,, J. V. Narlikaar, CambridgeeUniversity Press,
P
1989.
3. Inntroducing Eiinstein’s Relaativity, R. D’Innverno, Oxfoord Universityy Press, 1992..
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-405
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MEDICA
AL PHYSIC
CS-I (THEOR
RY)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Course Outlines:
O
Interactionns of lonisin
ng Radiationn with Mattter: Introducttion; Beta-raays, range-ennergy relationnship,
mechanism
m of energy loos,
l
lonizatioon and excitattion, Bremssttrahlung, Alpha-rays, Rangg-energy relation –
ship, Eneergy transfer, Gamma-rayys, exponentiaal absorptionn, interaction mechanismss, Pair produuction,
Compton scattering, photoelectriic absorptioon, photodisintegration, Combined effect, Neuutrons,
Productioon classificatio
on, interactionn, Scattering,, Absorption.
Radiotherrapy: Introdu
uction, The development
d
ms, External beam
of radiotheraapy, Radiotheerapeutic aim
therapy, Brachytherap
B
py, Unsealed source theraapy, Requirem
ments for acccuracy and precision, Quality
assurancee, The role of medical physsics.
Medical Imaging:
I
Diagnostic X-rayys, Production of X-rays, Absorption of
o x-ray to otther planes, Partial
P
volume effect, Artifaccts, Contrast agents in connventional raadiography annd CT, Diagnostic Ultrassound,
Doppler effect, Radio
onuclide imaaging, positrron emissionn tomographyy (PET), Magnetic resonnance
imaging (MRI), Contraast agents for MRI.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Intrroduction to Health
H
Physicss by Herman Cember. 3rdEd.
E McGraw Hill,
H New Yorrk, 1996.
Thw
waits, Radioth
herapy Physiccs by sssJ.R. Williams,
W
D.I ,OxfordUniversity Press, New
N York, 19993.
Diaggnostic Imag
ging, by Peteer Armstrong and Martin L. 4th Ed., Blackwell
B
Sciience Ltd. Oxxford,
1998.
Raddiologic Scien
nce of Technologists by Steewart C. Bushhong , 5th Ed. Mosby, 1993.
Funndamentals off Radiation Dosimetry, by J.
J R. Greeninng, 2nd Ed. Addam Hilger Ltdd., Bristol 1985.
n
Raddiation Detecttion and Meassurement, by Knol G.F., 2nd
Ed. Willey, New York, 1980.
Presss Health Phyysics by Dathren, Pergamoon.
Phyysics of Mediccal Imaging, by
b Edwin G.A
A.Aird, Heinemann, 1988.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-406
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MEDICA
AL PHYSIC
CS-II (LAB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Course Outlines:
O
Students are
a required to
t study the functioning
f
annd data analyysis obtained from variouss machines ussed in
nuclear medicine
m
and medical
m
physiics. The studeents have to work
w
in some hospitals wheere these macchines
are availaable. The list of these machhines is as unnder:
1. X-rayy Machine
2. Electrro Cardiograp
ph
3. Gamm
ma Camera
4. Mamm
mography Maachine
5. Varioous Machines used in Radiootherapy
The studeents will have also to learn handling of radioactive
r
m
material
in diffferent hospitaals.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-407
Yeear
4
Subject Title
P
PARTICLE
P
PHYSICS-I
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Particle Classification:
C
Quantum nuumbers, leptonns, hadrons, baryons,
b
mesoons, quarks.
The Funddamental Interractions: The electromagnnetic couplingg, the strong coupling,
c
the weak
w
couplingg.
Symmetryy Transformaation and Connservation Law
ws: Translatiion in space, rotation
r
in sppace, the grouup SU
(2), systeems of identiical particless, parity, isosspin charge conjugation, time reversaal, G parity, CPT
theorem.
The Electtromagnetic Field:
F
Gaugee invariance and
a Maxwelll’s equations,, polarizationn and photon spin,
angular momentum,
m
paarity and C paarity of the phhoton.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. N
Nuclear and Particle
P
Physiccs by Burcham
m, E. E. and Jobes,
J
M., Loongman, (19995).
2. Inntroduction to
o Nuclear andd Particle Phyysics by Das, A. and Ferbeel, T., Johan Wiley
W
and Sonns,
(11994).
3. Concepts
C
of Pa
article Physiccs by Gottfried, K. and Weeisskopt, F., Vol.
V 1, Oxfordd University Press,
P
(11986).
4. Inntroduction off elementary Particles
P
by Griffiths,
G
D., John Wiley and
a Sons, (1987).
5. Nuclear
N
and Particle
P
Physiccs by William
ms, W.S.C., Oxford
O
Univerrsity Press, (1995).
6. A Modern Intrroduction to Particle
P
Physiics by Fayyazzudding and Riazuddin,
R
World Scientifiic,
(11992)
7. Quarks
Q
and Leeptons by Hallzen F and Maartin A.D., Wiley,
W
(1984).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-408
Yeear
4
Subject Title
PA
ARTICLE PHYSICS-II
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Discipline
D
Physics
P
O
Course Outlines:
The Kleinn-Gordan Eq
quation: Nonn relativistic quantum meechanics, Lorrentz covariaance and 4 vector
v
notation, the Klein Go
ordon equatioon, the Feynnman-Stuckelbberg interpretation of E < 0 solutionss, non
n theory (brieef review), ruules for scatteering amplituudes in the Feeynman-Stukeelberg
relativisticc perturbation
approach.
C
form
m of the Diraac Equation, Dirac γ-matrrices, conservved current annd the
The Diracc Equation: Covariant
adjoint eqquation, free particle spinnors, anti paarticles, norm
malization of spinors and the completteness
relations, bilinear covaariants, zero mass
m fermion, the two-com
mponent neutriino.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Relatvvistic Quantu
um Mechanicss by Bjorken, J. D. and Dreell, S. D., McGraw-Hill, (11964) Internattional
Editioon reprinted in
n (1995).
2. Quarkks and Lepton
ns by Halzen,, F. and Martiin, A.D., Johnn-Wiley and Sons
S
(1984).
3. Quantum Mechaniics by Riazudddin and Fayyyazuddin, Worrld Scientific, (1990).
4. Introdduction to Eleementary Parrticles by Grifffiths, D., Johhn-Wiley and Sons, (1987).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-409
Yeear
4
Subject Title
COMMUNICATION ELEC
CTRONICS-I (THEORY
Y)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
O
Course Outlines:
Amplitude modulation
n principles:: Modulationn, AM, FM
M, pulse moddulation, pow
wer relationships,
assignablee frequency spectrum, bannd selection.
AM transmitters: Circu
uits, high levvel modulationn, double moodulation, AM
M with pulse width modullation,
low level modulation.
nd transmitteers: Superhetterodyne receeiver, double conversion receivers,
r
recceiver
AM radioo receivers an
circuits: IF
I Amplifierrs, AM deteectors, autom
matic gain coontrol, audioo amplifiers, squelch, recceiver
schematiccs, loudspeakeers, AM stereeo.
Frequencyy Modulation
n Principles: Modulated wave, FM radio frequency band, direct
d
and inndirect
frequencyy modulation (Phase Moduulation), carriier phase in thhe frequency--modulated wave,FM
w
deteectors,
stereo FM
M, FM receiveer.
Televisionn: Scanning principles, deflection
d
syystems, videoo camera tubbes, video piicture, signall, TV
receiver Front
F
end, color TV receiveers.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. Electrronic Commu
unication by Kennedy
K
George, McGraw
w Hill, 1992.
2. Electrronic Fundam
mentals by Thhomas L. Floyyd, 2nd. Ed., Maxwell-Mac
M
cmillan, New
w York, 1991.
3. Essenntial of Comm
munication Eleectronics by M.
M Slurzberg and W. Osterrfield, Nationnal Book
Founddation, Islamaabad, 1991.
4. Introdduction to Lin
near Electricaal Circuits annd Electronicss by M. C. Keelly and B. Niichols, John
Wileyy, New York, 1988.
5. Electrronic Circuitss Handbook by
b Michael Toooley, BPB Publications,
P
N Delhi, 19994.
New
6. Introdduction to Eleectronic Desiggn by F. H. Mitchell
M
Jr. annd Mitchell Srr., Prentice Hall, Londonn,
1988.
7. Digitaal Principles and
a Applicatiions by A. P. Malvino and D. P. Leach, 4th Ed., McG
Graw Hill, Neew
York,, 1986.
8. Perspectives in com
mmunication by U.R. Rao,, Pub. World Scientific, 19987.
9. Digitaal Electronicss By C. E. Strrangio, Prenticce Hall, Londdon, Latest Eddition
10. Digitaal Computer Electronics
E
B Malvino A. P. and Brow
By
wn J.A., McGrraw Hill Schoool Publishingg
Comppany, 1993.
11. Electrronics for Tod
day by Tom Duncan,
D
OxfoordUniversityy Press.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-410
Yeear
4
Subject Title
COMMUNIC
C
CATION ELE
ECTRONIC
CS-II (LAB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Course Outlines:
O
1. Desiggn and stud
dy the application of operational amplifier (ccurrent to voltage
v
convverter,
Instruumentation am
mplifier, bufffer, voltage clamp, integraator, differenttiator, low annd high pass filter,
half –wave
–
rectifieer etc.).
2. Desiggn sinusoidal oscillators annd function geenerators.
3. Desiggn RF transisttor oscillator,, Convert it into
i
a transmiitter. detect thhe transmitteed wave by a radio
receivver (both for AM
A & FM).
4. Circuuit study and fault
f
finding of
o audio-oscilllator/ commeercial radio annd T.V.
5. Desiggn and constru
uct an analog to digital andd digital to annalog converteers using IC’ss.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-411
Yeear
4
Subject Title
ADVANCE
ED ELECTRONICS-I (TH
HEORY)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
O
Course Outlines:
Operationnal amplifierss: Ideal operrational amplifier, differenntial amplifieer, emitter cooupled differrential
amplifier,, offset error and
a voltages//currents, opeerational ampllifier parametters and appliications, frequuency
response of
o operationaal amplifiers.
Combinattional Digitall Circuits andd Systems: Overview
O
of number systtem, digital codes
c
and cirrcuits,
Arithmetiic circuits, Deecoders/Encodder and multiplexers.
Sequentiaal Logic; Flip--flops, latchess, JK, T and D flip-flops, Master-slave
M
flip-flops.
Register and Counterrs; Shift regiisters, ripple and Synchrronous binarry counters, Analog to digital
d
conversioon and digital to analog connversion, convversion errorss.
Memory and program
mmable logic: ROM and RAM,
R
memorry decoding, error detection and correection,
PLD, PLA
A and PAL.
Control Logic
L
Design
n: Microoperaations, shifteer unit, micriiprogrammedd control, AL
LU and contrrol of
microproccessor unit.
CPU addrressing modess: Address fieeld and modess, stack organnization, data transfer instrructions, data
manipulattion instructio
ons, program interrupt. Inpput-output inteerface, designn of a CPU, pipeline
p
processingg.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
o Digital Com
mputer Technoology by Masshelsky (Wileey),
Inntroduction to
P
Pulse
Digital and
a Switchingg Wave formss by Millman and Taub (M
McGraw-Hill)
M
Microwave
Principles, by Reich-Skalmik
R
k-Ordung-Krranss.
M
Microwave
Meeasurements by
b Gingston.
E
Electronic
and
d Radio Enginneering by F.E
E. Terman McGraw-Hill.
M
Inntegrated Elecctronics by Millman
M
and Halkias.
H
M
Microprocesso
ors (principless and applicaation) 2ndEddiition by Gilmore, (1996).
C
Computer
Eng
gineering, Harrdware desiggn by M. Morrris Mano, Preentice Hall (19988)
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-412
Yeear
4
Subject Title
ADVANCED
D ELECTRO
ONICS-II (L
LAB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Course Outlines:
O
1. Desiggn of a UJT reelaxation osciillator of a varriable frequenncy, measure frequency annd amplitude of the
outpuut.
2. Desiggn RF transisttor oscillator,, Convert it into
i
a transmiitter. detect thhe transmitteed wave by a radio
receivver (both for AM
A & FM).
3. Desiggn an invertin
ng and non-iinvesting D.C
C. amplifier, measuremennt of parametters of a giveen IC
operaational amplifi
fier.
4. Desiggn and stud
dy the application of operational amplifier (ccurrent to voltage
v
convverter,
Instruumentation am
mplifier, bufffer, voltage clamp, integraator, differenttiator, low annd high pass filter,
half –wave
–
rectifieer etc.).
5. Desiggn a fixed and
d self bias transistor binaryy and triggeriing of binary,, using IC’s construct
c
and study
RS, JK
K (Master slaave), T and D flip-flops.
6. Desiggn and study of
o a half and full
f adder witth different Booolean expresssion using IC
C’s.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-413
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MATER
RIALS SCIEN
NCE-I (THE
EORY)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VII
Course Outlines:
O
Introductiion to materiaals; propertiess of the materrials; Types of
o Materials (i)
( metallic materials
m
& (ii)) Non
metallic materials);
m
Seelection of Materials;
M
Bonnds in Solid; Ionic Bondinng, Covalent Bonding, Meetallic
Bonding, Van der Waaals Bonding, Secondary Boonding, & Mix bonding, Effect
E
of Bondd type on struucture
and propeerties such as density, stabiility, melting point, stiffness and electrical propertiess.
Crystalloggraphy or cry
ystal structuree; The Space of Lattice, Crystal
C
system
ms and Brasss Lattice, Prinncipal
Metallic Crystal
C
Strucctures, Atom Position in Cubic
C
Unit Cells,
C
Directioons in Cubic Unit cells, Miller
M
Indices for
fo Crystallog
graphic Planees in Cubic Unit Cells, Crystallograaphic Planes and directioons in
Hexagonaal Unit Cells, Comparisonn of FCC, HCP,
H
and BC
CC Crystal sttructures, Voolume, Planarr, and
Linear Deensity Unit Ceell Calculations, Polymorpphism or Allotropy, Crystaal Structure Analysis.
Non-Metaallic Materials: Compositee Materials, Ceramic
C
Materials, Polymeeric Materials, Semi-conduuctor /
Electronicc Materials.
d:
Books Reecommended
hysical Metallurgy by S.H..Avner, McG
Graw-Hill Boook Comp. New
w York, 19999.
1. Introoduction to Ph
2. Mateerials Sciencee and Engineering and Inttroduction byy W.D. Cluster, John Wileey & Sons (U
USA),
19999.
3. Princciples of Matterials Sciencce and Enginneering by W.F.
W Smith, McGraw-Hill
M
Book Comp, New
Yorkk, 1999.
4. Mateerial Science & Metallurgyy by O.P. Khaanna, DhanpaatRai& Sons Delhi,
D
1994.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-414
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MATE
ERIALS SCIIENCE-II (LA
AB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
O
Course Outlines:
Note: Thee students are required to do
d at least ten experiments from the following list:
Classificaation of Materrials,
To claassify the given specimen of materials into
i
Metallic materials andd non-metallicc materials
M
and allo
oys
a. Metals
b. Ferrous and No
on-Ferrous metals
m
on-Ferrous allloys
c. Ferrous and No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
b.
c.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Sttudy of furnace (Heat-Treaatment Furnace) and a therrmocouple pyyrometer.
Sttudy/understaanding and working of a Metallurgical
M
M
Microscope.
Sttudy/understaanding and working of a Metallurgical
M
M
Microscope.
Sttudy the micrrostructure off a given metaals/alloys.
T determine the
To
t hardness of
o a given meetallic materiaal by
V
Vicker’s
Hardn
ness testing Machine.
M
B
Brinell
Hardneess Testing Machine
M
R
Rockwell
Hard
dness Testingg Machine.
Sttudy the relattionship of Viicker’s, Brineell and Rockw
well hardness of given mateerial.
T study the Mechanical
To
M
Prroperties of a given samplee.
T perform meechanical testting of polyethhene.
To
T determine heat
To
h deflectioon temperaturee of given sam
mple of polym
mer (Acrylic).
T perform theermogravimerrtric analysis of given polyymeric materiials & determ
To
mine decompoosition
teemperature.
T fabricate ceeramic materiial by slip cassting techniquue.
To
T determine the
To
t thermal shhock resistancce of the giveen material.
T study the thermal
To
t
changges occurringg in the givenn clays on heeating with differential
d
thhermal
annalysis.(for reefractory spallling index).
T determine the
To
t % age loss of moisture of the given clay.
T calculate moisture
To
m
conteents in the givven sample off ceramics maaterial.
T determine the
To
t %age watter absorptionn in the given sample of reffractory materrial.
T determine the
To
t loss in ignnition in the given
g
sample of
o clay.
T determine the
To
t porosity and
a density off a given refraactory materiaal.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-415
Yeear
4
Subject Title
BIO
OPHYSICS-II (THEORY
Y)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Course Outlines:
O
Nature annd scope of biophysics; Molecular
M
Struucture of Biollogical System
ms; Chemicall binding, eneergies
and bondss; Energy tran
nsfer and trannsformation inn photosyntheesis and bioloogical membrranes; Dynam
mics of
biologicall systems; Fu
undamental concepts of thhermodynamiics, aqueous and
a ionic equuilibrium of living
l
cells; Othher biotransp
port processees; Long andd short distaance transporrts; Viscoeleestic propertiies of
biomaterials.
Books Reecommended::
1. Radiation
R
Biop
physics by L.A
Alpen Edwarrd, Academic Press, (1988)).
2. Biophysics—A
B
n Introductioon. John Wileyy and Son, (22002).
3. Molecular
M
Biop
physics: Structures in Mottion, OxfordU
University Preess UK, (19999).
Glaser
Rowla
4. Biophysics
B
by
and (2001). Springer
S
Verlaag, Berlin.
5. Biophysical
B
Th
hermodynamiics by T. Haynnie Donald, Cambridge,
C
U
University
Preess UK, (20011).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-416
Yeear
4
Subject Title
BIOP
PHYSICS-III (LAB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
The studeents are requirred to perform
m the followinng experimennts:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Studyy of transport processes in plants
p
Studyy of membran
ne potential annd redox
Studyy of germinatiion and growtth biology maagnetized andd irradiated seeeds
Monittoring studiess of body tem
mperature in orrganisms undder stress
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-417
Yeear
4
Subject Title
METE
EOROLOGY
Y AND CLIM
MATOLOGY
Y-I (THEOR
RY)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
Course Outlines:
O
Synoptic Meteorology
y: Compositioon & structurre of atmospphere, ICAO standard atm
mosphere, Weeather
elements, Air mass classification, Thermodynam
T
mic characterisstics, Generall Circulation.
Atmospheeric thermod
dynamics, Firrst law of thhermodynamiics and enthhalpy, adiabaatic processess and
potential temperature,
t
The second law of thermoodynamics, enntropy, therm
modynamics off water vapouur and
moist air, thermodynam
mic propertiees of the wateer substance, phase transittion of water,, water vapouur and
most air,Clausius-Clap
peyron’squation,Aerologiccal diagramss, selection of
o
coorddinates, choice of
diagram, analysis
a
of tephigram.
Methods of Surface Observations
O
& Codes: Reeading of rouutine observattions, baromeetric correctioons &
reduction,, reading, setting
codes
s
& maintenance
m
of thermometers, surfacce codes, Aeronautical
A
(Speci&M
Metar)
d:
Books Reecommended
Hand Book Off Applied Meteeorology by Hougton
H
(Pubblisher: Wileyy), 1st Editionn, 1985.
1. H
2. Atmospheric Chemistry
C
& Global
G
Changge by Guy. P.
P Brasseur (P
Publisher: Oxxford), 1st Eddition,
19999.
3. Sttatistical Ana
alysis In Climate Research by Hans Vonnstorch (Publlisher: Cambrridge), 1st Eddition,
20001.
4. Meteorology
M
by Moran Morrgan (Publishher: Ma cMilllion), 3rd Ediition, 1991.
5. Climatology
C
byy OlixerHidorre (Publisherr: Merrill), 1sst Edition, 19884.
6. Dynamical
D
& Physical
P
Metteorology by Haltiner&
H
Ma
Martin
(Publishher: McGraw
w Hill), 1st Eddition,
19957.
7. Tropical
Tr
Meteeorology by Carlson
C
(Pubblisher: The Pennsylvania
P
State Univerrsity), 1st Eddition,
19981.
8. The
Th Atmospherre by Frederiick K. Lutgenss (Publisher: Prentice Halll), International Edition, 1998.
1
9. The
Th Status of Climate
C
Variaation In Pakisstan & Its Imppact by SMR
RC.No.10 SAA
ARC Met. Ressearch
C
Centre,
1st Ediition, 2004.
10. Atmospheric Physics
P
by J.V
V.Irinarne (Puublisher: D.Reeidel Pub. Coo.), 1st Editionn, 1980.
11. Appplied Climatology by Russsell D. Thom
mpson (Publisher: Routledgge), 1st Editioon, 1997.
12. Essentials
Es
of Meteorology
M
b C. Donald Ahrens (Publlisher: Brookks/Calc), 3rd Edition,
by
E
20011.
13. Atmospheric Science
S
by Johhn M. Wallacee (Publisher: Academic Prress), 1st Edittion, 1997.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-418
Yeear
4
Subject Title
ME
ETEOROLOGY AND CL
LIMATOLO
OGY-II (LAB
B)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
O
Course Outlines:
The studeents are requirred to do the following
f
expperiments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Meann Sea Level Su
urface Map Analysis,
A
fronttal analysis.
Upperr air map analysis, streamlline-isotach annalysis.
Analyysis of polar & geostationaary satellite im
mages.
Recorrding of obserrvations, windd-vane, anem
mometer, anem
mograph, hyettograph.
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-419
Yeear
4
Subject Title
SO
OLID STATE
E PHYSICS-II
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
O
Course Outlines:
Introductiion: The solid
d state problem
m, the Born-O
Oppenheimer approximatioon.
The One-E
Electron App
proximation: Free
F electron gas model (F
FEG), applicaations of FEG, failure of FE
EG.
Effect of Non-Uniform
m Crystal Potential: The Bloch
B
wave, thhe reciprocal lattice, the nearly
n
free eleectron
model (NF
FE) in one-diimension, the concept of ennergy band sttructure, the Fermi
F
surfacee, Fermi veloccity in
NFE, Thee Bloch electrron, the conceept of effectivve mass.
Methods of
o Calculating
g Energy Bannd Structures: The LCAO method,
m
the APW
A
method,, the OPW
method, thhe concept off pseudopotenntials,
Electron Interactions:
I
The
T self-conssistent calculaations, the Haartree-Fock eqquation, plane-wave solutiion of
the HF eqquation, problems.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SolidSState Physics byAshcroft &Mermin,
&
(19976).
Introdduction to SollidState Physiics, 7thEdditioon,by C. Kittlle, (1996).
Elemeentary SolidS
State Physics by
b M. A. Om
mar, (1975).
Quantum Theory of the SolidStaatebyj. Callaw
way, (1991).
Principles of the Theory
T
of Solidds byJ. M. Ziman, (1969).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-421
Yeear
4
Subject Title
SOL
LID STATE PHYSICS-III
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
V
VII
O
Course Outlines:
Optical Processes and Excitons: Opptical reflectaance, Kramerr-Kronig relattions, example, conductivvity of
collisionleess electron gas, electronn interband transitions,
t
e
excitations,
F
Frenkelexciton
ns Alkali haalides,
molecularr crystals, weaakly bound (M
Mott-Wannier) excitons, exciton condennsation into electron-hole
e
drops
(EHD), Raman
R
effect in crystals, electron
e
specctroscopy witth X-rays, ennergy loss of fast particless in a
solid, sum
mmary.
Supercondductivity:
Experimeental survey, occurrence of
o supercondductivity, desstruction of superconduct
s
tivity by maggnetic
fields, Meissner effecct, heat capaccity, energy gap, microw
wave and infrrared propertties isotope effect,
e
theoreticaal survey, therrmodynamicss of the supercconducting trransition, Lonndon equationn coherence leength,
BCS theory of superco
onductivity, BCS
B ground sttate, flux quaantization in a superconduccting ring, durration
of persisttent currents, type II supeerconductors, Vortex stat,, estimation of
o Hc1 and Hc2, Single paarticle
tunneling,, Dc Joseph
hson effect, Ac Josephsson effect, Macroscopic
M
quantum innterference, hightemperatuure supercond
ductors, criticaal fields and critical
c
currennts, Hall numbber, fullerenees, summary,
Dielectriccs and Ferroellectrics: Maxw
well equationns, polarizatioon, macroscoppic electric fiield, depolarizzation
field, E1, local electricc field at an atom, Lorentz field, E2, field of dipoles inside cavity, E3, diellectric
constant and
a polarizab
bility, electroonic polarizabbility, structuural phase traansitions, ferrroelectric cryystals,
classificattion of ferroeelectric crystaals, displacivee transitions, soft optical phonons, Lanndau theory of
o the
phase trannsition, secon
nd-order transsition, first-orrder transitionn, antiferroelectricity, ferrroelectric dom
mains,
piezoelecttricity, ferroelasticity, optiical ceramics, summary.
Books Reecommended
d:
1. SoliddState Physiccs byAshcroft &Mermin, (11976).
2. Introoduction to SolidState
S
Phyysics, 7th Edittion,by C. Kitttle, (1996).
3. Elem
mentary Solid
dState Physicss by M. A. Om
mar, (1975).
4. Quaantum Theoryy of the SolidSStatebyj. Callaaway, (1991)..
5. Prinnciples of the Theory of Solids byJ. M. Ziman,
Z
(1969)).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-422
Yeear
4
Subject Title
COMPU
UTATIONAL
L PHYSICS--II
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Simulation techniques--II , Physics problem
p
solviing, Motion of
o falling objeects, Motion in
i single and multi
dimensionnal, programm
ming techniquues in quantuum mechanics, statistical mechanics
m
annd nuclear phhysics,
Numericaal solutions to
o Schrodingerr’s equations , Numerical integration
i
annd Monte Carrlo Methods.
Laplace trransformation
n, Solution off Linear Algeebraic Equations, Sorting and Curve fittting, Interpolation
and extraapolation, Special Functioons, Differenntiation and Integration
I
o functions, Random Nuumber
of
Generatioon and Monte Carlo Integraation, Fourierr Transform Spectral
S
Methhods
d:
Books Reecommended
1. C
Computationall Physics by J.M.
J
Thijssenn, CUP (1999)).
2. Computational
C
l Methods in Physic, Chemistry and Biology
B
byP.H
Harrison, Johnn Willey andd Sons
(22001).
3. A First Coursee in Computattional Physicss by Paul L. Devries,
D
Johnn Willey and Sons.
S
N.Y. (1994).
4. Computational
C
l Physics by Henry
H
J. Garddner, World Scientific,
S
Sinngapore (19977).
5. Numerical
N
Reccipes: The Art
A of Scientif
ific Computinng by William
m H. Press, Brian
B
P. Flannnery,
Saul A. Teukolsky, and Willliam T. Vetteerling Cambriidge Universiity Press, (1988).
6. Mathematica
M
for
f Physics: Robert
R
L. Zim
mmerman Adddison Wesley Publishing Company,
C
19994.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-423
Yeear
4
Subject Title
CLASSICAL
L ELECTRO
ODYNAMIC
CS-II
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Maxwell’s Equations and their Applications:
A
Green’s funnction for tim
me dependennt wave equuation,
s
and veector potentiaals, radiation from an osciillating dipolee, plane electtromagnetic wave,
w
retarded scalar
plane waaves in a conducting
c
a
and
non-condducting meddia, linear and
a
circular polarization,, and
superposittion of wav
ves in one dimension,
boundary conditions, reflection and
a
refractioon of
electromaagnetic wavess at a plane innterface betweeen dielectriccs, waves polarization by reflection
r
andd total
internal reflection,
r
refflection from
m a conductinng medium, covariant foormulation off electrodynaamics,
transform
mation laws off electromagnetic fields, the field of a unniformly movving and accellerated electroon.
Plasma Phhysics: Introd
duction, electrrical neutralityy in a plasmaa, particle orbiits and drift motion
m
in a plasma,
magnetic mirrors, the hydromagneti
h
ic equations, pinch
p
effect, plasma oscilllations and waave motion.
B
body raadiation, Induuced emissionn and the gaiin coefficientt, oscillationss, output couupling,
Lasers: Black
power and efficiency, optical resonnators, fluctuuation in laserrs, solid statee lasers, opticcal coupling, laser
resonatorss, giant pulsee techniques oscillators-am
o
mplifier lasers, power and energy
e
suppliies, high repeetition
rate laser,, ruby laser, gas
g laser, sem
mi-conductor diode laser, theory of p.nn. junction laser, efficiency and
thresh-holld current of diode
d
lasers, applications of
o lasers.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
Classical Electrodynamics by
C
b Jackson, Wiley,
W
1975.
E
Electricity
and
d Magnetism by
b W. J. Dufffin, McGraw--Hill, 1990.
E
Electromagnet
tism by I.S. Grant
G
and W. R.
R Phillips Wiley,
W
1990.
Inntroduction to
o Electrodynaamics by D. Griffiths
G
Prenttice Hall, 19889.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-424
Yeear
4
Subject Title
NUC
CLEAR PHY
YSICS-II
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Nuclear Models:
M
Liqu
uid drop moddel, shell model, collectivve model. Nuuclear Reactiions: Conservvation
laws of nuclear
n
reacttions, Q-value of nuclearr reaction, thhreshold enerrgy, transmuttation by phootons,
protons, deutrons
d
and alpha particlees, excited states of nucleuus, energy levvels, level wiidth, Cross seection
from nucllear reactionss, compound nucleus theorry of nuclearr reactions, lim
mitations of compound
c
nuucleus
theory, resonances, Breeit-Wigner foormula, directt reactions.
Neutron Physics:
P
Neuttron sources, radioactive sources,
s
photto neutron souurces, chargeed particle souurces,
reactor ass a neutron source,
s
slow neutron deteectors, fast neeutron detecttors, slowing down of neuutron,
nuclear fiission, descrip
ption of fissiion reaction, mass distribuution of fissiion energy, average
a
numbber of
neutrons released,
r
theo
ory of fission and spontaneeous fission.
Thermonuuclear Reactions: Fusion and
a thermonuuclear processs, energy releeased in nucllear fusion, carbon
nitrogen & oxygen cyccle, controlledd nuclear fusioon, D-D & D-T reactions.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
N
Nuclei
and parrticles by E. Serge,
S
1980.
A Text Book off Nuclear Phyysics by C.M..H. Smith, Perrgamon Presss Oxford, 19666.
N
Nuclear
Physiccs by I. Kaplaan, Addison-W
Wesley, 19800.
Inntroductory Nuclear
N
Physiics by Krane, 1980.
C
Concepts
of Modern
M
Physiccs by Beiser, 1980.
1
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-425
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MED
DICAL PHY
YSICS-III
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Radiationn Dosimetry: History of Absorbed
A
Doose, Stochastiic and Non-sstochastic quuantities, Units for
Absorbedd Dose, Abso
orbed Dose Calorimeters,
C
Exposure annd its measurrements, The free-air chamber,
Exposure measuremen
nt with calibrrated cavity chamber. Thhe concept off Kerma,absoorbed Dose in
i air,
F
conveerting Exposuure to Absorbbed Dose to wake,
w
High energy
Absorbedd dose in otheer Materials, Factors
calibrationns, The Bragg
g-Gray Cavityy theory.
Methods of Dosimetry
y: Calorimeteers, lonisationn Chambers, chemical Doosimetry, Thhermoluminescence
otographic Doosimeter, Scinntillation Deteectors, Other Dosimetric Systems.
Dosimetryy (TLD), Pho
Health Physics : Carrdinal princiiples of radiiation protecction, Minim
mize time, Maximize
M
disttance,
Maximizee shielding, Time,
T
Distancee and shieldinng, Maximum
m permissible dose, whole--body occupaational
exposure, whole-body
y non-occupaational exposure, partial bodyoccupaational exposure, X-rayy and
pregnancyy , Basic rad
diation safety criteria, effeective dose-eqquivalent, allowable limit on intake (A
ALI) ,
inhaled radioactivity,
r
s
derived airr concentratiion, Gastroinntestinal tracct, Basis off radiation safety
regulationns.
d:
Books Reecommended
C
3rdEdd. McGraw Hill,
H New Yorrk, 1996.
1. Introoduction to Heealth Physics by Herman Cember.
2. Thwaaits, Radiotheerapy Physicss by sssJ.R. Williams,
W
D.I ,OxfordUnive
,
ersity Press, New
N York, 19993.
3. Diaggnostic Imagiing, by Peterr Armstrong and Martin L.
L 4th Ed., Blackwell
B
Science Ltd. Oxxford,
19988.
4. Radioologic Sciencce of Technoloogists by Stew
wart C. Bushoong , 5th Ed. Mosby,
M
1993.
5. Funddamentals off Radiation Doosimetry, by J.
J R. Greeningg, 2nd Ed. Adaam Hilger Ltdd., Bristol 19885.
6. Radiaation Detectio
on and Measuurement, by Knol
K
G.F., 2ndd Ed. Willey, New York, 1980.
1
7. Heallth Physics by
y Dathren, Perrgamon Presss.
8. Physics of Medica
al Imaging, byy Edwin G.A.Aird, Heinem
mann, 1988.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-426
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MED
DICAL PHYS
SICS-IV (LA
AB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Students are
a required to
t study the functioning
f
annd data analyysis obtained from variouss machines ussed in
nuclear medicine
m
and medical
m
physiics. The studeents have to work
w
in some hospitals wheere these macchines
are availaable. The list of these machhines is as unnder:
1. X-rayy Machine
2. Electrro Cardiograp
ph
3. Gamm
ma Camera
4. Mamm
mography Maachine
5. Varioous Machines used in Radiootherapy
The studeents will have also to learn handling of radioactive
r
m
material
in diffferent hospitaals.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-427
Yeear
4
Subject Title
PA
ARTICLE PH
HYSICS-III
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Hadron Sppectroscopy: Formation exxperiments, partial
p
wave formalism
f
andd the optical theorem,
t
the BreitB
Wigner reesonance form
mula, baryon resonances,
r
p
phase
space coonsiderations, production experiments.
e
The Quarrk Model: Th
he group SU (3), quarks, hadrons
h
(baryyons, mesonss in quark moodel, heave meson
m
spectroscoopy, the quark
konium modeel.
The Standdard Model (qualitative
(
trreatment onlyy): Unificatioon of weak annd electromaagnetic interacctions
Glashow-Salam-Weinb
berg Model.
Books Reecommended
d:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Nucleear and Partiicle Physics by
b Burcham, E.
E E. and Jobees, M., Longm
man, (1995).
Introduction to Nuclear
N
and Particle
P
Physsics by Das, A. and Ferbbel, T., Johann Wiley and Sons,
(19944).
Conccepts of Partiicle Physics by
b Gottfried,, K. and Weiisskopt, F., Vol.
V 1, OxforrdUniversity Press,
P
(19866).
Introduction of eleementary Parrticles by Grifffiths, D., Johhn Wiley and Sons, (1987).
Nucleear and Partiicle Physics by
b Williams, W.S.C.,
W
OxfoordUniversity Press, (1995).
A Moodern Introdu
uction to Particle Physics by
b Fayyazuddding and Riazzuddin, Worldd Scientific, (1992)
Quarrks and Lepto
ons by Halzenn F and Martinn A.D., Wileyy, (1984).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-428
Yeear
4
Subject Title
PA
ARTICLE PH
HYSICS-IV
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Course Outlines:
O
Electrodyynamics of spinless particlees: An “electrron” in an eleectromagneticc field Aμ ,”sppinless” electtron –
muon scaattering, the cross
c
section in terms of thhe invariant amplitude M, the decay rate in terms of M,
“spinless”” electron – electron scattering, electtron – positroon scatteringg: and appliccation of crossing,
invariant variables,
v
thee origin of thee propagator.
Electrodyynamics of Sp
pin ½ Particlees: An electron interactingg with an eleectromagneticc field Aμ , Moller
M
- - scatteringg e e t e e , the process e μ t e μ , trace thheorems and properties of
o γ matrices, e -μ+
- + scatteringg and the proccess e e μ μ , helicity conservation at high energiees, survey of e + e - te + e -, μ+μ, e -μ- t e -μ- in the laboratory frrame; kinemaatics relevant to the partoon model, phootons, polarizzation
vectors, more
m
on prop
pagators, the electron proppagator, the photon
p
propaggator, massivve vector partticles,
real and virtual
v
photon
ns, Compton scattering γe -tγ e -, pairr annihilationn e+ e-tγγ, thhe + is prescriiption
for propaggators, Eeynm
man rules QED
D.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
Relativistic Quan
ntum Mechanics by Bjoorken, J. D. and Drell, S. D., McG
Graw-Hill, (1964)
Interrnational Edition reprinted in (1995).
Quarrks and Lepto
ons by Halzenn, F. and Marttin, A.D., Johhn-Wiley and Sons (1984).
Quanntum Mechan
nics by Riazudddin and Fayyyazuddin, Woorld Scientificc, (1990).
Introoduction to Ellementary Particles by Griiffiths, D., Johhn-Wiley andd Sons, (1987).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
Subject Title
PHY-429
COMM
MUNICATIO
ON ELECTRONICS-III (THEORY)
(
Yeear
Discipline
D
4
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Satellite Communicati
C
on: Basic conncept, earth station
s
to eartth station viaa satellite, serrvice requirem
ments,
orbits, modulation
m
an
nd multiplexxing, packettiser and deepacketises, special probblems in saatellite
communiccation.
Optical coommunication
n: Introductioon of Optical Fibers, Opticcal sources annd detection optical
o
moduulation
techniquees
Digital Communicatio
C
on: Spectral analysis
a
and filtering theory, communnication channnels, entropyy and
source cooding, data compression
c
t
techniques,
d
digital
radio, spectrum coommunicationn systems, mobile
m
wireless communicatio
c
on system.
Communiication princiiples in earthh observationn: Remote seensing, sensoors for opticaal remote sennsing,
remote sensing from sp
pace, environment and agrricultural appllications.
d:
Books Reecommended
Electtronic Communication by Kennedy Geoorge, McGraw
w Hill, 1992.
Electtronic Fundamentals by Thomas L. Flooyd, 2nd. Ed., Maxwell-Maacmillan, New
w York, 1991.
Essential of Com
mmunication Electronics by M. Slurrzberg and W.
W Osterfieldd, National Book
Founndation, Islam
mabad, 1991.
4. Introoduction to Linear
L
Electriical Circuits and Electronics by M. C.
C Kelly andd B. Nichols, John
Wileey, New York
k, 1988.
5. Electtronic Circuitts Handbook by Michael Tooley,
T
BPB Publications,
P
New Delhi, 1994.
1
6. Introoduction to Electronic
E
Dessign by F. H. Mitchell Jr. and Mitchelll Sr., Prenticee Hall,
Loondon,
19888.
7. Digittal Principless and Applicaations by A. P.
P Malvino annd D. P. Leacch, 4th Ed., McGraw
M
Hill,, New
Yorkk, 1986.
8. Persppectives in co
ommunicationn by U.R. Raoo, Pub. Worldd Scientific, 1987.
9. Digittal Electroniccs By C. E. Sttrangio, Prenttice Hall, Lonndon, Latest Edition
E
10. Digittal Computerr Electronics By Malvino A. P. and Brrown J.A., McGraw
M
Hill School Publiishing
Com
mpany, 1993.
11. Electtronics for To
oday by Tom Duncan, OxffordUniversityy Press.
1.
2.
3.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-430
Yeear
4
Subject Title
COM
MMUNICAT
TION ELEC
CTRONICS-IIV (LAB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
1. Desiggn and study of decoder, encoder,
e
multtiplexer and demultiplexer
d
r circuits and compare the input
outpuut waveforms..
2. To coonstruct and understand
u
ann operation of
o arithmetic logic unit annd study of different
d
arithhmetic
logic operations.
3. Desiggn and constru
uct active filteers and study their frequenncy response.
4. Desiggn and constriicta infrared transmitter deetected the traansmitted wavve.
5. Desiggn and constriicta ultrasonicc transmitter and
a receiver.
6. Usingg microprocesssor based traainer’s and sttudy the micrrove and optiical communiication and coontrol
the innformation fro
om host persoonal computerr.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-431
Yeear
4
Subject Title
ADV
VANCED EL
LECTRONICS-III (THE
EORY)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Electronicc Devices (op
peration and characteristics
c
s): Tunnel annd IMPATT diodes,
d
Quanttum-effect devices,
MESFET and MODFE
ET and Hot-E
Electron deviices. LED, Gunn,
G
and Laaser diodes, photodetector,
p
, UJT
and the baasic sweep cirrcuit, circuit to
t generate triiggered sweepp.
Radio com
mmunication:: Production andpropagatio
a
on of radio waves,
w
direct waves,
w
groundd reflected, suurface
wave and space waves, formation of Ionosphericc layer and theeir variations,, skip distancee.
a
FM moddulation, banndwidth of FM
F signal, Angle
A
Modullation,
Modulatioon and Detection: AM and
Vestigial Sideband an
nd Single Sideband Modulation, Phase-locked Loop,
L
Digitall Communiccation,
transmitteer and superheetrodyne receeiver.
Microwavves: Microwaave spectrum and
a radar bannds, properties of microwaves, production of microw
wave
(klystron, magnetron, traveling
t
wavve oscillator), gunn oscillattor, measurem
ment of microwave power, radar
system.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
D
Compuuter Technologgy by Mashellsky (Wiley),
Introoduction to Digital
Pulse Digital and
d Switching Wave
W
forms byy Millman andd Taub (McG
Graw-Hill)
Micrrowave Principles, by Reicch-Skalmik-O
Ordung-Kransss.
Micrrowave Measu
urements by Gingston.
G
Electronic and Ra
adio Engineerring by F.E. Terman
T
McG
Graw-Hill.
Integgrated Electro
onics by Milllman and Halkkias.
Micrroprocessors (principles annd applicatioon) 2ndEddition by Gilmoree, (1996).
Com
mputer Engineeering, Hardw
ware design by
b M. Morris Mano,
M
Prentice Hall (19888)
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-432
Yeear
4
Subject Title
ADVANC
CED ELECTRONICS-IV
V (LAB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
1. Synchhronous and asynchronous
a
s BCD counteers, Memory shift
s
register with
w IC’s.
2. Frequuency counterr and optionall digital clockk.
3. Circuuit study and fault
f
finding of
o stabilized power
p
supply,, Audio-oscilllator/ CRO,
multim
meter/commeercial radio annd T.V.
4. Desiggn and constru
uct an analog to digital andd digital to annalog converteers using IC’ss.
5. Desiggn and study of decoder, encoder,
e
multtiplexer and demultiplexer
d
r circuits and compare the input
outpuut waveforms..
6. To coonstruct and understand
u
ann operation of
o arithmetic logic unit annd study of different
d
arithhmetic
logic operations.
7. To coonstruct and study
s
of data storage and retrieval usingg semiconducctor memory and
a understannd the
process of fetching
g an instructioon and its opeerand with AL
LU.
8. Usingg microprocesssor trainer’s and study off microprocesssor applicatiion working from
f
host perrsonal
computer.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-433
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MATERIIALS SCIEN
NCE-III (THE
EORY)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Constitutiion of alloys: Metallic Soliid Solutions, Solid Solubillity, Phase Diaagrams of Puure Substancess.
Equilibriuum phase diaagrams; Iron-IIron Carbide diagram, Gibbbs Phase Ruule, Binary Isomorphous Alloy
Systems, Binary Eutecctic Alloy Systems, Noneqquilibrium Soolidification of
o alloys, Binnary Eutectic Alloy
Systems, Binary Mono
otectic System
ms, Invariant Reactions, Phhase Diagram
ms with Interm
mediate Phasees and
Compounnds, Introductiion to Ternaryy Phase Diaggrams.
Corrosionn: Definition, Types, its dettermination and
a protectionn.
d:
Books Reecommended
1. Inntroduction to
o Physical Meetallurgy by S.H.
S Avner, McGraw-Hill
M
Book Comp. New York, 1999.
1
2. Materials
M
Scieence and Enngineering annd Introductiion by W.D. Cluster, Johhn Wiley & Sons
(U
USA), 1999.
Book Comp,, New
3. Principles
P
of Materials
M
Scieence and Enggineering by W.F.
W Smith, McGraw-Hill
M
Y
York,
1999.
4. Material
M
Scien
nce & Metalluurgy by O.P. Khanna,
K
DhannpatRai& Sonns Delhi, 19994.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-434
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MATER
RIALS SCIEN
NCE-IV (LA
AB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Note: Thee students are required to do
d at least ten experiments from the following list:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
To finnd out the corrrosion rate off given specim
men by loss inn weight methhod.
To protect metals from
f
corrosioon – electroplaating &colourring
To fabbricate fiber-g
glass reinforcced compositee material by using hand-laay-up techniqque.
To deetermine and compare
c
the specific
s
heatss of metallic and
a non-metalllic materials.
To deetermine the plasticity
p
of thhe given of clay.
To deetermine the effect on plaasticity of thee given sampple of clay byy adding (nonn plastic) imppurity
SiO2
To meeasure the greeen strength of
o the given ceramic substaance.
To deetermine the viscosity
v
of a given samplee of glass by penetrating
p
m
method.
To stuudy the proceess of enameliing.
To stuudy the proceess of glazing..
To meeasure the theermal conductivity of the given
g
sample of refractory material.
To deetermine the th
hermal expannsion coefficieent of the givven sample.
To deetermine the crushing
c
strenngth of the givven material.
Deterrmine the %ag
ge linear shrinnkage in the given
g
sample of clay.
Deterrmine the greeen compressioon strength off sample of cllay.
Deterrmine the greeen compressioon strength off sample of cllay with the addition
a
of im
mpurity.
To appply the raw glaze
g
and frit glaze
g
on a cerramics body.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-435
Yeear
4
Subject Title
BIOPHY
YSICS-III (T
THEORY)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
The biom
mechanics of human bodyy, blood circculation, swim
mming and flying;
f
Physiical factors of
o the
environment; Biophysics of hearinng, ifra and ultrasounds;
u
B
Biomagnetism
m: Magnetic effects
e
on huumans
and otheer organisms; Ionizing radiations; Radiobiologgical reactioons; Vision, biosensing and
biomechaanics; Modells approaches for propaagation, ecoloogical interaactions, grow
wth, differncciation
evolution and neural prrocess.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Radiaation Biophysics by L.Alpeen Edward, Academic
A
Presss, (1988).
Biophhysics—An Introduction. Joohn Wiley annd Son, (2002).
Moleccular Biophyssics: Structurres in Motion, OxfordUniversity Press UK,
U (1999).
Biophhysics by Glasser Rowland (2001).
(
Sprinnger Verlag, Berlin.
B
Biophhysical Therm
modynamics by T. Haynie Donald,
D
Cambbridge, Univeersity Press UK,
U (2001).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-436
Yeear
4
Subject Title
BIOPHY
YSICS-IV (L
LAB)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Course Outlines:
O
The studeents are requirred to perform
m the followinng experimennts:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Deterrmination of osmotic
o
potenntial, pressuree potential andd water potenntial in plants
Ion upptake and balance of chargge measuremeents
Studyy of biosensin
ng and bioindiication
Studyy of threshold of hearing, ECG
E
and bloood pressure monitoring
m
in humans
h
Sem
mester
VIIII
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-437
Yeear
4
Subject Title
METEOROLOG
GY AND CL
LIMATOLOGY-III
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Dynamic Meteorology
y: Circulation &vorticity, Stokes
S
theorem
m, Vorticity equation,
e
Rossby waves.
Meteoroloogical Instrum
ments: Meteoorological instruments used in thermom
metry, barometry, hygrom
metery,
wind measuurement, clouud measurement, evaporattion measureement,
rainfall & snowfall measurement,
m
visibility measurement, sunshine measurement.
m
. introductionn to weather radar system
ms, introductiion to
radiosondde equipment.
Climatoloogy: Climatic elements; priinciples of cliimate classification; worldd climate classsification; clim
mates
of Asia; climates
c
of thee sub-continent; the climatte of Pakistann.
Climate change: Meteo
orological facctors affectingg climate; greenhouse gasees; El-Nino, La-Nina.
L
Tropical Meteorology
y: Tropical Launch
L
Interrnet Exploreer Browser.lnnkgeneral cirrculation, Diurnal
variationss of meteorological elements in the tropics,
t
a suurvey of low--latitude weaather disturbaances;
easterly waves;
w
intertro
opical converrgence zone. Monsoons, Tropical
T
cycloones, structuree and formatiion of
cyclones.A
Aviation Metteorology: meteorological
m
l aspects of flight
f
planninng, Aviation hazards andd their
associatioon with synop
ptic patterns, aircraft icingg, turbulence,, fog, thunderstorms, dustt storms, low
w-level
vertical wind
w
shear, Jettstream formaation & structture.
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Handd Book Of App
pplied Meteorrology by Houugton (Publishher: Wiley), 1st
1 Edition, 1985.
Atmoospheric Cheemistry & Gllobal Changee by Guy. P. Brasseur (P
Publisher: Oxxford), 1st Eddition,
19999.
Statisstical Analyssis In Climatee Research by
b Hans Vonnstorch (Publiisher: Cambrridge), 1st Eddition,
20011.
Meteeorology by Moran
M
Morgann (Publisher: Ma cMillion), 3rd Editionn, 1991.
Clim
matology by OlixerHidore
O
(
(Publisher:
M
Merrill),
1st Eddition, 1984.
Dynaamical & Phy
hysical Meteoorology by Haltiner&
H
Marrtin (Publisheer: McGraw Hill), 1st Eddition,
19577.
Troppical Meteorology by Carlsson (Publisher: The PennsyylvaniaStateU
University), 1st Edition, 19981.
The Atmosphere
A
by
b Frederick K.
K Lutgens (P
Publisher: Preentice Hall), International Edition,
E
19988.
The Status of Clim
mate Variatioon In Pakistaan& Its Impaact by SMRC
C.No.10 SAAR
RC Met. Ressearch
Centtre, 1st Edition
n, 2004.
Atmoospheric Physsics by J.V.Iriinarne (Publissher: D.Reideel Pub. Co.), 1st
1 Edition, 1980.
Appllied Climatolo
ogy by Russelll D. Thompsson (Publisherr: Routledge), 1st Edition, 1997.
Essentials of Meteeorology by C.
C Donald Ahhrens (Publishher: Brooks/C
Calc), 3rd Edittion, 2001.
Atmoospheric Scien
nce by John M.
M Wallace (P
Publisher: Accademic Presss), 1st Editionn, 1997.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-438
Yeear
4
Subject Title
MET
TEOROLOG
GY AND CL
LIMATOLOG
GY-IV (LAB
B)
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
The studeents are requirred to do the following
f
expperiments:
1. T
Tephigram anaalysis.
2. Atmospheric
A
(barometric
(
& aneroid) pressure,
p
convversion of sttation level to
t mean sea level
prressure.
3. Jeetstream analy
ysis.
4. Innterpretation of
o weather radar rainfall & cloud analyssis.
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-439
Yeear
4
Subject Title
SOL
LID STATE PHYSICS-II
P
II
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Phonons: Classical, Einstein and Debye
D
modells for specificc heat, Hamiiltonian of thhe electron-phhonon
t electron-pphonon interaaction,
interactionn, renormalizzation of the effective elecctron mass, screening of the
ionic crysstals, the polarron.
Optical Properties: Maacroscopic deescription andd microscopicc model, mirrco-scopic theeory of frequuencyc
opttical propertiies of semi-cconductors, quantization
q
o electromaggnetic
of
dependentt dielectric constants,
field, interraction of con
nduction electrons.
Transportt Phenomenon
n: Semiclassiccal model of for conductioon of metals, Boltzmann equation, relaxxation
time, condductivity equaation.
Solids in External Mag
gnetic Fields: Free electronn approximattion in magneetic field, Lanndau diamagnnetism
in free eleectrons, spin Hamiltonian,
H
the Hubbardd model, Paulii paramegnetiism of conducction electronns, De
Haas van Alphan effecct, the quantum
m Hall effect..
d:
Books Reecommended
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SoliddState Physicss byAshcroft &Mermin, (11976).
Introoduction to So
olidState Physsics, 7thEdditiion,by C. Kitttle, (1996).
Elem
mentary SolidS
State Physics by M. A. Om
mar, (1975).
Quanntum Theory of
o the SolidSttatebyj. Callaw
way, (1991).
Princciples of the Theory
T
of Soliids byJ. M. Ziman, (1969).
BS (4 Years)
Y
for Affiliated
d Colleges
Code
PHY-440
Yeear
4
Subject Title
SOL
LID STATE PHYSICS-IV
P
V
Discipline
D
Physics
P
Cr. Hrs
3
Sem
mester
VIIII
Course Outlines:
O
Ferromaggnetism and Antiferromag
A
gnetism: Ferroomagnetic orrder, curie pooint and the exchange inttegral,
temperatuure dependen
nce of the saaturation maagnetization, saturation magnetization
m
at absolute zero,
magnons, quantization
n of spin waaves, thermaal excitation of magnons, neutron maagnetic scattering,
urie temperatture and susceptibility of ferrimagnets,
f
iron garnets,, antiferromaggnetic
ferromagnnetic order, cu
order, sussceptibility below the Neel temperaturre, antiferrom
magnetic maggnons. Ferrom
magnetic dom
mains,
anisotropyy energy, traansition regiion between domains, soolitons, originn of domainns, coercivityy and
hysteresiss, single dom
main particlees, geomagnnetism and biomanetism,
b
, magnetic force
f
microsscopy,
magnetic bubble domaains, summaryy.
Magnetic Resonance: Nuclear
N
magnnetic resonannce, equationss of motion, line
l
width, motional
m
narroowing,
hyperfine splitting, ex
xamples: paraamagnetic pooint defects, knight
k
shift, nuclear quaddrupole resonnance,
ferromagnnetic resonan
nce, shape efffects in FM
MR, spin wavve resonancee, antiferromaagnetic resonnance,
electron paramagnetic
p
c resonance, exchange naarrowing, zerro-field splitting, priciple of master action,
a
three-leveel maser, ruby
y laser, summ
mary.
Books Reecommended
d:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
SoliddState Physicss byAshcroft &Mermin,
&
(1976).
Introdduction to SolidState Physsics, 7th Editioon, by C. Kittlle, (1996).
Elementary SolidS
State Physics by M. A. Om
mar, (1975).
o the SolidStaatebyj. Callaw
way, (1991).
Quanntum Theory of
Princciples of the Theory
T
of Solids byJ. M. Ziiman, (1969).