Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Unit: Atomic Theory Chemistry, Wilson Models of the Atom Dalton's Model of the Atom Thompson's Model of the Atom Dalton's model was that the atoms were tiny, He imagined the atom as a sphere full of an electrically indivisible, indestructible particles, like billiard positive substance mixed with negative electrons "like the balls, and that each one had a certain mass, size, raisins in a cake" or “plum pudding” (a ball of positive and chemical behavior that was determined by charge with electrons stuck to it). what kind of element they were. Rutherford's Model of the Atom Bohr's Model of the Atom Electrons arranged in concentric circles or orbits around the nucleus after the planets motion around the sun The electron in an atom moves around the dense, (planetary model). Proposed that the electrons in a positively charged nucleus like planets around particular path have a fixed energy that prevents them the Sun; atom is mostly empty space. from collapsing onto the nucleus. Electron Cloud Model of the Atom The cloud model represents a sort of history of where the electron has probably been and where it is likely to be going. The red dot in the middle represents the nucleus while the red dots around the outside represents an instance of the electron. Imagine, as the electron moves it leaves a trace of where it was. This collection of traces quickly begins to resemble a cloud. Unit: Atomic Theory Chemistry, Wilson Hog Hilton Unit: Atomic Theory Chemistry, Wilson Hog Hilton You are the manager of a prestigious new hotel in downtown Milwaukee ”Hog Hilton”. It’s just the “snort of the town” and you want to keep its reputation a cut above all the other hotels. Your problem is your clientele. They are hogs in the truest sense. Your major task is to fill rooms in your hotel. The funny shape of your hotel is to accommodate the habits of the hogs. The penthouse is on the first floor and the less desirable rooms are on the top floor. You must fill up your hotel keeping the following rules in mind: 1. Hogs are lazy and want the best accommodations possible without having to expend energy (they don’t want to climb steps). 2. Hogs can’t stand each other except when rule #1 forces them to put up with each other. 3. If hogs are in the same room they will face in opposite directions. 4. They stink, so you can’t put more than two hogs in each room. Your hotel looks like the diagram below: ( ___ Represents 1 Room) 9th Floor ___ 8th Floor ___ ___ ___ th 7 Floor ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 6th Floor ___ th 5 Floor ___ ___ ___ 4th Floor ___ rd 3 Floor ___ ___ ___ 2nd Floor ___ st 1 Floor ___ Your hotel can hold 36 hogs. Sample problems (1) Book 15 hogs into their rooms (2) Book 25 hogs into their rooms Class work: On your own, fill your hotel for the following days of the week: Monday: 5 hogs Tuesday: 8 hogs Wednesday: 1 hog Thursday: 12 hogs Friday: 23 hogs Saturday: 18 hogs Sunday: 32hogs Unit: Atomic Theory Chemistry, Wilson On the last page you learned how to fill up an imaginary hotel. Now you will relate this example to electron orbitals. Electron orbitals are modeled by the picture below and are grouped into principal energy levels. 5s ___ n = 4 4p ___ ___ ___ n= 4 3d ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ n=3 4s ____ n=3 3p ___ ___ ___ n=3 3s ___ n=3 2p ___ ___ ___ n=2 2s ___ n=2 1s ___ n=1 Questions to think about: (1) Compare this with the Hog Hilton. What are the similarities and the differences? (2) To go between floors on the Hog Hilton did the hogs need to use energy? Would electrons need to use energy to go between orbitals? (3) If only ½ the energy necessary to go between the 1s and 2s orbital was available, will an electron go to the 2s orbital? Examples on how to fill electron orbitals: (1) 7 electrons 3d ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ n=3 (4s ____) n=3 3p ___ ___ ___ n=3 3s ___ n=3 2p ___ ___ ___ n=2 2s ___ n=2 1s ___ n=1 (2) 16 electrons 3d ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ n=3 (4s ____) n=3 3p ___ ___ ___ n=3 3s ___ n=3 2p ___ ___ ___ n=2 2s ___ n=2 1s ___ n=1 Unit: Atomic Theory Chemistry, Wilson Electron Configuration Practice Complete an electron orbital diagram for the following numbers of electrons: 10, 24, 13, 3, 5, 26, 22, 17 10 electrons ___________________________________________________ 24 electrons ___________________________________________________ 13 electrons ___________________________________________________ 3 electrons ___________________________________________________ 5 electrons ___________________________________________________ 26 electrons ___________________________________________________ 22 electrons ___________________________________________________ 17 electrons ___________________________________________________