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The Ancient Greeks City-States and Greek Culture The Rise of City-States During the Dark Age in the 1100s B.C., developments of the Aegean civilizations were lost. The Rise of City-States Classical ___________ Greek civilization began when people in villages came together for City-states protection and formed _______________. The Rise of City-States Each city-state built walled forts on hilltops acropolis which means called an ____________, “high city” in Greek The Rise of City-States Below this hilltop, houses, buildings, and open-air markets called _______________ agora were found. Sparta Sparta The city-state of ________ was located inland on the Peloponnesian Peninsula. Sparta developed a military economy where _________ people lived simple lives of hard work and physical activity. It had a standing army led by two kings who were part of a governing council. Spartan Government Sparta used a governing system known as oligarchy which is when a few people an _________, from the ruling class make decisions for everyone. Spartan Military Way of Life • Spartan citizens feared ______ the lower classes who outnumbered the citizens rebellion more than 10 to 1. Fear of _________ from within and ________ attack from outside led the Spartan citizens to focus on their military. Athens • The city-state of _________ Athens was located on Attica, a part of the Balkan Peninsula northeast of the Peloponnesus. Athenian Government At first Athens was ruled by a small group of leaders from wealthy landowning families who inherit the right to rule. Members of this aristocracy ____________,often struggled with each other for control of Athens. Where Does Our Government Come From? Reforms in 508 B.C. made the Athenian citystate into the world’s first democracy ___________, a system of government in which the people rule. Government was opened by free Cleisthenes to all __________ men 18 years of age or older. “Power to the People!!!!” Athens Each year, a new council was selected who suggested laws for the assembly and decided on government __________, policies or plans of action. To Be Greek… Although the city-states were independent, according to their mythology, the people of all the city-states shared a common ancestor His name was _________. Hellene __________. For this reason, they called themselves Hellenes. In English, their language and civilization are known as Greek. Their mythology, religion, activities, and language united them. Greek Heritage Greeks were united also by activities such as the __________________, Olympic Games which were held every four years to honor Zeus Olympic Games A Familiar Civilization Writing also helped bring the city-states together. Their writing was based on the alphabet used by _____________ Phoenician traders. Alpha and Beta = the first 2 Greek letters = alphabet Uncivilized? Anyone who could not speak Greek a was referred to as a barbarian __________. Today a barbarian is a person who is considered uncivilized, or roughmannered. Think About It • What parts of Greek culture helped form a Greek identity? Mythology Language Ancestry Olympic Games