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Transcript
8-1 Mountains and Seas What to Know: How did geography influence the development of early civilizations in Greece? Vocabulary Peninsula: A stretch of ______ almost completely surrounded by water Isthmus: A small strip of land ________ larger land _____ Harbor: A ________ place with deep _________ close to shore The Land of Greece Located on the _______ Peninsula Surrounded by Ionian, ___________, and Aegean Sea Asia Minor now referred to as ______ An _________ connects the peninsula with southern peninsula Southern area of peninsula is called the __________ ¾ is covered in _________ _______ is thin and rocky Over 2,000 _______, largest is Crete First ___________ were on islands, mainland, and coasts of North Africa, Italy, and Spain Life Among Mountains People settled in mountain ______ Kept people separate, not under one _____ Trade was _______ by land, ______ could not be used for transport because they would dry up Land was difficult to _______ _______ sheep, goats, and pigs Got wool, hides, and ______ Grew grapes, ______, wheat, and barley Made ______ and olive oil Life by the Seas Many settled by _____ because of fish and travel Became a ______ culture ______ from harbor to harbor Sea allowed ______ with other Greek settlements Exchanged ideas and _______ beliefs Sea was _________ in winter ________ was god of the sea, showed anger through rough waters Sea connected the ________ with other cultures Exchange and Trade Could produce food _______ Population ______ ________ jobs begins Made ______ and olive oil Greeks ________ wheat _______ wine olive oil, pottery, and wood ________ ideas with other cultures Learned to make bronze from the ________ 8-2 Early Civilization in Greece What to know: How did people in the earliest civilizations of ancient Greece live? Vocabulary Peasant: A poor _______ Cultural Borrowing: The process by which a ______ takes ideas from other __________ Bard: A professional ________ who traveled from town to town, telling stories and singing songs about Greek ______, goddesses, and ________ Legend: A _________ handed down from earlier times that explains the past Epic: A long ______ Myth: A story about how the actions of gods and goddesses affected the lives of ______ Mythology: A collection of _________ passed down from generation to generation The Minoans Minoans begin on the Island of _____ Named for legendary King ______ Greek Poet ______ described Crete as fertile and highly ________ 2000 B.C. Minoans build ______ Palaces were large and _______ like The _______ was the center of government, religion, and _____ storage Largest palace was at _________ in 1700 B.C. It was three _______ and three stories high Minoan Life They enjoyed _______, dancing, and music Men and women had long ______ and gold jewelry The _____ was very important to them ___________ with Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other early Greeks They ________ pottery, olive oil, wine, and wool for copper, tin, and gold. Had a system of _______, but we don’t understand it 1100 B.C. Minoan culture _______ Earthquake, volcano, or ________ invasion may have led to end The Mycenaeans Named for the city of Mycenae on the _______ They were ________ Spoke an early form of Greek ________ Mycenaeans borrowed culture and ideas from _______ Borrowed sailing, ______, and art styles 1450 B.C. Mycenaeans _________ Crete Mycenaeans control _________ and Crete until 1100 B.C. 1100 B.C. Mycenaeans _________ by Dorians and fighting themselves Legends and Myths Stories told by ______ were entertaining Also _________ ideals, values, and beliefs Some ________ may be based on actual events 1200 B.C. Mycenaeans conquer _____ in Trojan War 700 B.C. _______ writes two epics about Trojan War _________ was story about Trojan war, Troy was actually attacked according to archeologists __________ was story of Odysseus’ ten year return home from Trojan war He fought a _________ Myths were an important part of Greek _________ _________ things in nature Told of God’s ________ Each god had __________ of specific parts of life and nature The Greek Dark Age 1100 B.C. ______ age begins Cities were ________ and trade stops Mass ________ People return to simple ______ life Writing, pottery, and bronze techniques are _______ or forgotten during Dark Age Legends and myths _______ 750 B.C. the Dark Age begins to ______ 8-3 Greek City-States What to Know: How did the governments of Greek city- states change over time? Vocabulary Polis: A ______ city-state that connected a city and the farms, towns, and villages around it. Acropolis: A ________ built on top of a large hill Agora: An open-air ______ where people gathered to trade and discuss the news of the day in ______ citystates Oligarchy: ______ by few Tyrant: A person who takes control of a _______ by force Democracy: Rule by the _________ Commerce: Large-scale ________ Colony: A new _______ separated from but ruled by a homeland The Rise of City-States 750 B.C. ________ of Athens, Sparta, Argos, and Corinth Greek city-states were called a _____ Polis is where we get the word _________ All people were free _______ unless parents were foreign Philosopher _______ believed it was natural for people to live in city-states Most ________ had 5,000 people; Corinth had 10,000, Athens may have had 20,000 Most city-states began on the base of hills with an ______ on the top People would be _______ in the acropolis during attacks Later the acropolis became a center of ______ The ______ was located outside the acropolis Agora was center of government and ______ Mountains kept city-states _______ Natural barriers meant no central __________ of all city-states New Ways of Governing 750 B.C., groups of wealthy ________ rule city-states Oligarchy Controlled every part of _________: army, religion, economy, and laws 600s B.C. individual oligarchs take power as ______ Tyrants, in the beginning had support of _______ Over time tyrants were seen as ______ leaders 500 B.C. _______ over thrown Some city-states, like Athens, move to ________ Only free males over 18 could _____ in Athens Commerce and Colonies 700 B.C. Greek city-states become part of _______ _________ grain, wood, olive oil, wine, pottery, and iron weapons and tools Iron tools led to a food ______ and greater populations City-states started ______ in search of more resources like iron Colonies become ______ but maintain contact with original city-state through religion and trade 500 B.C. Greek _______ in Europe, northern Africa, and Asia Minor Greek Culture Identified with _______ All city-states ________ religion, history, language, writing, culture, and athletics 700s B.C. Greek _______ developed Based on ____________ alphabet __________ based on single sounds like our language Recorded business, laws, and government with _______ Homer uses Greek _______ to write Iliad and Odyssey Believed Zeus and the gods _______ daily life Went to ________ to get advice _________ was most famous Oracle Was temple of _______ 776 B.C. ________ begin Olympics included wrestling, javelin, discus, long jump, boxing, and ________ Winners crowned with ______ wreath Lasted for _______ years Would stop ________ to compete A New Kind of Warfare City-states often fought each other over _______despite common culture Between 725 B.C. and 650 B.C. developed new organized _______ technique All male _______ of a polis spent some time in the army Your rank was determined by ________ Cavalry, ________ (foot soldiers), archers and stone throwers Armor was 70 pounds of ________ Had to ______ for own weapons and armor Had _______ formation Would stand shoulder to shoulder to form _______ wall Archers, chariots, and cavalry provided _______ During ________, wall formations would push up against each other Method was used for _________ of years 8-4 Sparta and Athens What to know: How were Sparta and Athens alike, and how were they different? Vocabulary Helot: A person ________ by Sparta who became a slave Assembly: A _________ group Reform: A _____ Majority Rule: A system in which every _________ has one vote, and in which the person or idea that receives the most _____ is chosen Fable: A short _______ that uses animal characters to teach a lesson League: A group of ______ Sparta’s Government __________ on Peloponnesus, but separated from other city-states 600s B.C. most _________ city-state Used _______, state owned slaves, to do work Helots outnumbered _______ 4 to 1 To prevent ________, Spartans trained in war Had two __________ during times of war Had ___________ in times of peace Oligarchy was a group of 30 male of __________ who were 60 years old or more Spartan Life Age 7 _______ left home and trained in military barracks _________ combat, hardships, and to obey orders without question At 18 began true ________ training Lived in ________ until age 30 Served as _______ until 60 __________ trained physically Had more _________ than women in other city-states Sparta had little ________ with other city-states Believed there was no greater ______ than to die in battle New Ideas in Athens Because of _____, Athens had many trading partners 620 B.C. _____ wrote first Athenian laws, but were harsh 600 B.C. _____ reforms Athens, frees slaves, and makes laws more fair Toward Democracy Solon based rights on _____ not birth Could change ________ class by the amount of land or money you have All male _______ were allowed to attend the assembly to make laws Used _______ Rule to pass laws Had a council of _____ that served 1 year terms Members were selected at ______ Solon’s _______ begin democracy in Athens Life in Athens _______ was important Children learned morals from ______ written by Aesop From 7-14 boys went to _______ to study math, reading, writing, physical education, art, poetry, and music. Past 14, wealthy children would have _______. Most boys learned their father’s _______: blacksmith, potter, or carpenter _______ studied at home Learned ________ skills: cooking, sewing, and childcare One third of Athenian population was _____ Many ________ were educated and could be doctors and teachers Women and slaves could not _____ Concerns About Persia 539 B.C. King Cyrus II creates Persian Empire through ___________ Mesopotamia and Babylon Egypt is _______ Darius I makes the _____ its largest Darius I divides empire into ______ Built roads to link _______ Persia conquers some ______ colonies 500s B.C. _______ creates Peloponnesian League First purpose was to defend against ________ League is now for defending against _______
