Download Social process

Social process
Prepared by:
Prof. Devina E Rodrigues
Yenepoya Nursing College
Definition – social process
• Is the fundamental way in which human
beings interact each other.
Interaction
• It refers to an action in response to another
action. When this is repeated for a several
times , it leads to a results, and is called social
interaction.
Social process
Refers to the repetitive forms of behavior that
are commonly found in social life.
Types/ forms of social process
• Cooperation
Competition
Conflict
Types…..
• Accommodation
• Assimilation
• isolation
Cooperation
• Meaning: working together for a common
goal.
• It is a joint activity in the pursuit of common
goal
Elements of cooperation
• Organized joint effort
• Common goal
Types of cooperation
• Direct cooperation: individual do things
together
• E.g. playing together, worshiping together
Indirect cooperation
• People work together, each one having
different work to accomplish a common goal
• E.g. carpenter, painter, plumber, masons…. To
construct a house
Primary cooperation
• Cooperation is found in a primary groups
• E.g. family
Secondary cooperation
• Cooperation seen in work place
• Industry….government
Importance of cooperation
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It is a psychological necessity
Social necessity
To reach collective goal
To fulfill physical, mental ,spiritual needs of
human without fulfilling the human may not
achieve the satisfaction
Contd…
• To achieve progress
• to solve internal problems
competition
• It is a fundamental form of social struggle
Definition – competition
• Striving for the same goal/position by 2 or
more person
• It is a force that compels people to act against
each other
Nature- competition
• It is a universal struggle to act against each
other
• It happens when there are insufficient
supplies
• It is a conscious activity
• It is universal
• It occurs personal and impersonal level
Importance- competition
• Conducive to progress
• It is essential for the economic progresspersonal/ society.
• Motivates individuals
• It creates respect to rules
• Enhances ego
• Leads economic production---quality
• Place right person in right place
• Prevents undue concentration of power
• Welfare
• leads …People to exert their best efforts
Negative functions of competition
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Leads to neurosis
frustration
Monopoly
Conflict
Disintegrating society
Unfair competition
Malpractice
corruptions
conflict
• Conflict is a deliberate attempt to oppose, to
resist or to go against the will of other.
Characteristic- conflict
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Conscious action
Universal
Lacks continuity
Inborn instinct of aggression
Struggle for existence
Causes- conflict
• Individual difference: fail to accommodate
when there is difference in idea, interest and
attitude.
Cultural difference
• It causes tension and leads to conflict
• E.g. religious clashes
Clash of interest
• Different people or groups clashes
• E.g. employee/ employer
Social change
• When part of society does not wish to have
change
• Parent youth conflict
• Govt and tribal group
Types- conflict
• Latent overt conflict: long before the actual
conflict occurs…. It will be in latent form
expressed as dissatisfaction and tension.
• E.g. cold war
Corporate and personal conflict
• Occurs between two societies
• E.g. religious, border, water…
Positive aspects of conflict
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New consensus
Status of conflicting parties will change
Increases solidarity in the group
Enlargement of winning team
Working out of new techniques
Resolves problems
accommodation
• Adjusting oneself to the new environment.
• Adjustment to the physical and social
environment.
Definition - accommodation
• Process in which man attains a sense of
harmony with his environment
Types of accommodation
• Acclimatization: it involves adjustment to the
natural conditions or coming in-terms with a
new climate, soil and land
Type contd…2. naturalization
• Adjustment to the new social conditions.
• Traditions, language, customs.
Importance/nature
• Unconscious activity
• Natural results of conflict
• If there is no conflict there would be no need
of accommodation.
• It is universal
• Is a continuous process
Types/ forms/ methodsaccommodation
• 1. Compromise: it happens when both the
parties of equal strength. Neither one is able
to win over another.
• In both compromise each other and make
some concessions and yields to the demand of
other.
2. tolerance
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In which there is no settlement
Only efforts are done to avoid over conflict
No concession is made by any of the group
There is no change of basic policy
3. arbitration
• Attempts of third party to bring about an end.
conversion
• Conviction on the part of one of the
conflicting parties that it has been wrong and
its opponent is right
Admitting ones defeat
• It happens when parties of unequal strength
• Here one party surrenders because it is over
powered by the other party.
Rationalization
• Excuses or explanation for ones behavior
instead of acknowledging.
• Excuse given by the students for not
completing their log books
Super and subordination
• Relationship between children and parents in
the family.
• Leaders and followers relationship
Importance of accommodation
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To have peace
To have social stability
Social order
Adjust to the changing situations
Security
assimilation
• Is a process where by persons and groups
acquire the culture of other groups in which
they came to live by adopting its attitude and
values.
• It is a slow and gradual process
Definition – assimilation
• Is a process where by attitudes of many
persons are united and develops into a united
group (Bogardus)
e.g.
• Children are gradually assimilated in to the
host culture
• A lady get assimilated to the culture of
husband family
Parts in assimilation
• The suppression of the parent culture
• Acquisition of the new culture
Factors of assimilation
• Immigrants reception to the new land
• E.g. refugees in India
• Occupational skills: immigrants are welcomed
if they possess the required skills.
• E.g. USA invites Indian software Engineers
• The numbers involved: the larger the
proportion of the migrants the greater the
resistance of the established groups besides if
the migrants are smaller size they make an
effort to get assimilated to a host culture
• Physical difference:
• Difference in features…. Skin colour, traits…
may help or obstruct the assimilation
• Cultural difference: language and religion are
considered the main two aspects.
• Assimilation more when same or has a little
difference.
• Role of semi community: sometimes immigrants
who come in a large number and settle in a
isolated compact colonies to practice their native
culture which may obstruct the assimilation.
Isolation
• Absence of communicative interaction or
social contact
• This results isolation of individual or society
or both.
Types of isolation
• Spatial isolation: internal isolation, it is
enforced by law or society
• E.g. prisoners
• untouchability
Organic isolation
• Certain organic defects in human being keeps
him isolated.
• E.g. deafness, mental retardation, blindness….
shyness
• Inability to make adequate responses.
• Inferiority due to dark complexion.
privacy
• Individual withdraws a part of the inner self
from the part of public control
• It leads to spit personality
Societal level isolation
• 1.Geographical : mountain…. River… climate
• 2. linguistic: a group which remains isolated
from other group due to linguistic barrier .
Advantages- isolation
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Self introspection
Less tension
Rehabilitation
Privacy
Reformation
Prevention of diseases
creativity
Negative effects of isolation
• Psychological effects: suicide
• Do not care for social norms
• Delinquency and many more social problems
end