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Diversity through
extrapolation of
microevolutionary
mechanisms
Groupings
Population
Local group of orgs of one species
Groupings
Species
Populations of orgs that may interbreed
to produce fertile offspring
Isolation of Subpopulations
Mechanisms of
evolution cause isolated
subpopulations to
diverge
Geographic Isolation
Populations are physically separated
Geographic
Isolation
Natural selection,
mutations, and
gene flow occur
independently in
isolated
populations
Reproductive Isolation
Pops overlap, but are unable interbreed successfully
Prezygotic
Behavioral
 Temporal
 Mechanical

Mating
Season for
Group A
Mating
Season for
Group B
JFMAMJJASOND
Reproductive Isolation
Postzygotic
Inviability
Infertility
Evidence of Evolution
Fossil Record
Extant species are not the only ones to have existed on Earth
Evidence of Evolution
Fossil Record
Some fossils
indicate missing
links between
extant groups
Rates of Change
Gradualism
Punctuated
Equilibrium
Evidence of Evolution
Homologous
Structures
Evidence of Evolution
Analogous Structures
Evidence of Evolution
Vestigial Structures
Evidence of Evolution
Biochemistry
 Molecular comparisons
indicate relations (closer
match = closer relation)
 DNA
Hybridization
 Protein Comparison (amino
acid sequence)
A
B
C
A
B
A+B
Evidence of Evolution
Similarity in embryology indicates common ancestry
Sponge
Jellyfish
Clam
Insect
Human
Evidence of Evolution
Chicken
Fish
Human
Rabbit
Salamander