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Transcript
Plant Structures Plant Science Major Plant Parts • roots • stems • leaves • buds • flowers www.OneLessThing.net 2 Functions of Roots • anchor the plant • absorb water and minerals • store manufactured food www.OneLessThing.net 3 Parts of the Root • primary root: the single main root • secondary roots: small branches that form off the main root • root hairs: tiny roots that increase the absorption surface area • root cap: protects the growing tip of roots www.OneLessThing.net 4 Root System Types 1. adventitous roots: grow from the stem or leaf of a plant (ex. corn stalks have prop roots) 2. tap root system: root system with one thick main root (examples: pine trees, carrots, dandilions) 3. fibrous root system: root system with many small main roots (examples: grasses, soybeans, impatiens) www.OneLessThing.net 5 Functions of Stems • support the leaves, flowers, and fruit • conduct water, minerals, and food • store food and water • produce new stem tissues www.OneLessThing.net 6 Parts of the Stem • 2 types of conductive tissues – xylem: transports water and minerals from the roots – phloem: transports food from the leaves • cambium: the layer of dividing cells that creates the xylem and phloem – becomes growth rings in trees www.OneLessThing.net 7 Vascular Bundles • made up of the xylem and pholem • in monocots, they are scattered • in dicots, they are in a circle (or a ring) www.OneLessThing.net 8 Buds • contain undeveloped plant structures • bud scales: protect and cover the bud • terminal bud: a large bud at the tip of a stem • lateral buds: grow along the side of stems • apical meristem: primary growing point of the stem www.OneLessThing.net 9 Leaves • produce food for the plant through photosyntheis • epidermis: a protective layer of cells on the leaf • cuticle: a waxy coating that prevents water loss • stomata: pore-like openings on the underside of the leaf that allow gas exchange • guard cells: control the opening and closing of the stomata • veins: carry nutrients and products of photosynthesis (contain the xylem and phloem) www.OneLessThing.net 10 Mesophyll • layer of the leaf where photosynthesis takes place • made up of two layers: – palisade layer – spongy layer www.OneLessThing.net 11 Function of Flowers • reproduction (to produce seeds) • sepals: protect the unopened flower • calyx: the collection of sepals • petals: attract pollinators (insects and birds) www.OneLessThing.net 12 Male Part of the Flower • as a whole, known as the stamen • made up of two structures: 1. filament: supports the anther 2. anther: produces pollen • pollen: contains the male sex cells • pollination has to occur for seeds to develop www.OneLessThing.net 13 Female Part of the Flower • as a whole, known as the pistil • made up of three parts: 1. stigma: sticky surface for pollen to land on 2. style: supports the stigma 3. ovary: contains the female sex cells • fruit: contains the seeds; develops from the ovary www.OneLessThing.net 14 Types of Flowers • complete flowers: have sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil • incomplete flowers: are lacking one of the four main parts www.OneLessThing.net 15 Monoecious vs. Dioecious • monoecious plants: have male and female flowers on the same plant • dioecious plants: have male and female flowers on separate plants • imperfect flowers: do not have male and female parts on the same flower www.OneLessThing.net 16 Thank you for learning with us! www.OneLessThing.net