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MY INFO The Atomic Theory Developed by John Dalton 1. Each element is composed of very small particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of an element are identical, atoms of different elements are different. 3. Atoms of an element are not changed into different atoms by chemical reactions; atoms are not created or destroyed by chemical reactions. 4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine. EQ: What is important about atoms? What does an atom look like? How are ions formed? What happens to atoms as matter changes state? What does an atom look like? modern atomic model electrons move around the nucleus in a "cloud" of energy valence electron the outermost electron (s) that circle the nucleus of an atom. valence electrons are very important in the bonding of atoms! How are ions formed? Ions are formed when an atom gains or loses an electron. atoms in a solid Very close together, they do not have much energy but still can move slightly. As the atoms of a solid gain energy, they begin to move more and spread out. atoms in a liquid Still quite close to each other, but they have enough room and energy to flow freely past each other. As the atoms of a liquid gain energy, they move more quickly and spread out. atoms in a gas These atoms have A LOT of energy – they are spread very far apart and move quickly. This is why a gas has no definite shape of volume. atoms in a plasma A collection of electrically charged particles that take the form of gas-like clouds. (ionized gas)