Download China`s Efforts to Address Climate Change

China's Efforts to Address
Climate Change
US-China Green Development Symposium
Sun Guoshun (Chinese Embassy)
June 10, 2011 at World Bank
1. Legislative Measures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2002 /2007 Law on Energy Conservation
2002 Law on the Promotion of Clean Production
2002 Law on the Prevention of Air Pollution
2002 Law on Forest
2003 Law on Environment Impact Assessment
2005 Law on Renewable Energy
2009 Resolution on Climate Change
2. Administrative Measures
• Formulate regulations to implement relevant laws.
• Set up a National Climate Change Leading Group
chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao.
• Set short-term energy intensity goal in the 11th FiveYear Plan (20% below 2005 level by 2010).
• Set mid-term carbon intensity goal in 2009 (40%45% below 2005 by 2020).
• Shut down small and inefficient coal power plants,
steel and iron plants, cement plants, aluminium
plants, coke plants, etc.
• Make local leaders accountable for the goal.
2-1. Meeting of the NCCLG
2-1. Phase out inefficient capacity in China
3. Economic Measures
• Adjust economic structure (increase light and
tertiary industry).
• Adjust energy structure (increase non-fossil fuel
in the energy mix).
• Increase investment on energy efficiency and
renewable energy (stimulus package).
• Provide incentives to develop renewable energy.
4. Major Achievements
• Economic structure has improved slightly (The ratio of
three industries in 2005 was 12.1%, 47.4% and 40.5.
This ratio changed to 10.2%, 46.8% and 43% in 2010)
• Energy efficiency has been improved and more
renewable energy has been developed. In 2010
renewable energy has reached 300 million tons coal
equivalent, accounting for 9.6% in the total energy mix.
• From 2005-2010, China has shut down inefficient coal
power plants with a capacity of 72 million kilowatts.
• Energy intensity per unit GDP has droped 19.1% on the
2005 level in 2010.
4-1. High tech output
Billion Yuan, 2005
13.458
High tech output
12.493
10.960
9.402
4-2. Phase out backward
production capacity
214.16
Million tons
2009
2008
2006-2007total
total
74.16
81.72
21.13
60.06
60.83
16.91
Iron
Steel
26.17
Cement
Small coal plants
4-3. Newly added wind capacity in
the 11th-Five-Year-Plan Period
Million kilowatts
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
22.68
12.1
5.95
2.6
1.2
4-4. China’s non fossil energy in 2009
Hydro
hydro
Nuclear
Wind
Photovoltaic
Biomass
Ethanol
Total
242 million tons coal -e
5. Future Objectives
• short-term goal (energy intensity cuts 16%, carbon
intensity cuts 17%, non-fossil fuel reaches 11.4%,
forest coverage increases 12.5 million hectares) in
the 12th Five Year Plan (2011- 2015)
• mid-term goal (carbon intensity cuts 40%-45% over
2005 level, non-fossil fuel reaches 15%, forest
coverage increases 40 million hectares over 2005
level) by 2020.
6. Drivers of China's Action
• Energy security--China's per capita energy reserve is
below world average--It is necessary to diversify
energy resources, to improve energy efficiency and
to conserve energy .
• Environment and climate change concern--Air and
water pollution, land degradation, flood and drought,
loss of biodiversity, etc.
• Growth of energy need--With development, more
energy is needed for production, commerce, heating,
cooling, lightening, transportation, etc.
6-1. Impact of climate change
1921
2008
7. China's Energy Intensity Trends
11th FYP Target: Reduce energy
intensity by 20% from 2006-2010
2002-2005: Average Annual Increase of
2% per year
(energy growth outpaced economic growth)
1980-2002:
Average Annual Decline of
5% per year
Beginning in 2006
the upward trend
was reversed
NDRC reporting a 19.06% decline from 20062010, just falling short of target
2010
15
National Bureau of Statistics, China Statistical Abstract, various years; NBS media reports 2010; LBNL China Energy Group analysis.
15
8. China's Difficulties
• China has 1.3 billion population. Total emission is big,
but per capita emission is small and emission history
is short.
• China is a developing country. Many people are still
living under UN poverty line and yet without access
to energy. Poverty reduction and eradication is a
daunting task.
• China is in the process of economic development
and urbanization. Energy is much needed to support
China’s growth.
• China's energy endowment is coal which is more
carbon intensive than gasoline and natural gas.
9. International Cooperation
China:
– supports the UNFCCC to address climate change.
– insists the CBDR principle.
– encourages international cooperation to address
climate change.
– urges the US and other developed countries to
take the lead in reducing GHG emissions.
– looks forward to progress in Durban, South Africa.
10. US GHG Emission Status
• US emission in 1990 is 6.2 billion tons CO2. US
emission in 2008 is 7.1 billion tons (Sources: EIA).
• The UNFCCC requires the US to return to 1990
emission level (6.2 bt) in 2000. However, US
emission in 2000 is 7 bt.
• The Kyoto Protocol requires the U.S to reduce 7%
of its emission on 1990 level (6.2 bt) from 20082012, i.e. 5.76 bt. In reality, US emission in 2008
is 7.1 bt.
11. A Comparison of China and US
Emissions
• Now China's annual emission is a little bit bigger than that of the US,
but China’ s population (1.3 billion) is more than FOUR times of that
of the U.S (0.3 billion). So US per capita emission is more than four
times of that of China.
• China started development from1950s while US development path
started from 1770s. So US emission history is nearly 200 years
longer than that of China.
• Up to 2005, China's cumulative emission is 90 billion tons which
accounted for 8% of the world total cumulative emissions, while that
of the US is 280 billion tons and accounted for 30% of the world total
cumulative emissions (IEA, 2007, p. 201). So US cumulative
emission is three times of that of China.
Many Thanks !
Contact information
Sun Guoshun
Tel: 202-495-2346
Email: [email protected]