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Download GEOGRAPHYS The World and Its People Historical Atlas of Religions
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The following information came from: GEOGRAPHYS The World and Its People Glencoe & McGraw-Hill Historical Atlas of Religions Karen Farrington Introduction History Tenants People Islam = Submission Muslim = One who submits Worlds second largest religion, 1.4 billion Monotheistic, continuation of Christianity Founded 622 AD in Mecca, Saudi Arabia Birth of Muhammad 570 AD 610 Muhammad, at the age of 40, receives 1st vision from Allah through the angel Gabriel: “Read, Recite, in the name of God” Visions are recorded visions in the Qu’ran and are considered the word of God 610 – 622 Muhammad preaches in Mecca, but because of Islam’s egalitarian views, he was driven out by the powerful tribe, the Quraysh, in Mecca. 622 Hijira Muhammad was forced to leave and he went to Medina and there he acquired many new followers in his faith. 630 takeover Mecca, followers unite Muhammad and his followers made the pilgrimage back to Mecca to retake their holy land. They succeeded and followers of Islam united. 632 Death of Muhammad The Qur’an: the word of God, Egalitarianism (social and political message) 5 Pillars of Islam Shahada (profession of faith) ▪ There is no God, but God, and Muhammad is the Prophet of God (central doctrine to the Islamic faith). Salat (prayer) ▪ Prayer must be pure (washing hands, having good intentions), prayer only in Arabic, orientation towards Mecca, 5 times a day Zakat (almsgiving): Community is generous to the poor giving Two and a half percent of their income Sawm: Fasting during the month of Ramadan (1st month the Qu’ran was revealed): absence from food, drink from sunrise to sunset Hajj (pilgrimage): Once in a lifetime take a pilgrimage to Mecca if you can afford it. Gives common identity to all Muslims. It is common practice to kiss the Kabaa. Jihad (Self struggle) – war against infidels until the entire world is taken over for Islam Non-Muslims have three options • Convert • Pay a tax and become a Kufr (cattle) • Die The Sharia (Islamic Law) Covers things from marriage and divorce to what women and men can wear. Ramadan – one month of fasting to commemorate the first month that the first verses of the Quran were introduced to Muhammad Eid-ul-Fitr (Id-ul-Fitr)- The festival for the first day after Ramadan. Lasting three days, it is a time for family and friends to get together, for celebrating with good food and presents for children, and giving to charity. Eid-ul-Adha - The Festival of Sacrifice which occurs 70 days after Eid-al-Fitr. Eid ul-Adha is the second most important festival in the Muslim calendar. It is to remember the time when Abraham was going to sacrifice his own son to prove obedience to God and marks the end of the Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca).