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ISLAM: AFTER HIJRA Chapter 6 #2 The community governed by the revelations to M. Many from Mecca joined Battles in Mecca, truce eventually in 628 CE 630 CE surrender Mecca accepted Islam, M Medina 632 M. visits Mecca last time This pilgrimage: Hajj RECALL: 622 CE, MUHAMMAD MEDINA Abu Bakr caliph after Muhammad Islam spread rapidly, 637 CE Muslims in Jerusalem Muslim rulers did not force conquered people to convert to Islam By 150 after M., Islam: in N. Africa, Spain, central Asia AFTER MUHAMMAD Early Ali, split: who should succeed Muhammad? a cousin thought he should (as a direct relative) Ali’s followers chose leaders based on blood relationship to M. These are called Shi’ite muslims SHI’ITE MUSLIMS Others believed the best suited person should lead, regardless of ancestry Followers: Sunni Sunnis emphasize a person’s direct relationship with Allah Shi’ites emphasize the role & authority of religious leaders Today: 90% Sunni, 10% Shi’ite SUNNI MUSLIMS Ritual acts to express faith & identify as Muslim Give practical descriptions as to how Muslims worship and live as Muslim Creed Prayer Almsgiving Fasting Pilgrimage FIVE PILLARS Shahadah “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” This is the key belief It is a sign of being Muslim One only has to say it aloud before 2 witnesses FIRST PILLAR: CREED Salat Prayer Quiet Can of praise, 5 times/day verbal prayers, & gestures be anywhere, as long as it’s clean Fridays: mosque for community prayer Private prayer: du’a SECOND PILLAR: PRAYER Zakat Those who can, must donate to the needy, to build mosques, etc. Helps to share wealth in a Muslim society more fairly THIRD PILLAR: ALMSGIVING Sawm During (the month of Ramadan month M. received the message) During daylight: no food, evil thoughts, drinking, smoking, sex Evening: families & friends, gather to break the day’s fast with a light meal Ramadan ends: 3 day feast of Eid al-Fitr FOURTH PILLAR: FASTING Hajj Pilgrimage lifetime to Mecca, only once in If, you can afford it , and are healthy enough It is a supreme experience FIFTH PILLAR: PILGRIMAGE Special Men: gown: ihram 2 seamless garments, white cloth Women: only faces & hands uncovered Ihram emphasizes equality of all pilgrims and that in death, all material things left behind PILGRIM CLOTHING The cube-shaped shrine in the centre of the Great Mosque in Mecca The holiest place Pilgrims circle the Kaaba 7 times THE KAABA KAABA