Download Matter and Energy

By Michael Moritz and Jacob Icolari
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The ability to do work
Work is the process of changing the energy
level
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Chemical
Radiant
Kinetic
Potential
Thermal
Electrical
Nuclear
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Example: A ball Flying through the air has
kinetic energy because it is in motion.
An object in motion has connect energy
because that motion gives it the ability to do
work when it collides with another object.
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Example: A weight at the top of a building
has potential energy, because energy was put
into the weight when it was brought to the
top of the building.
Potential energy is converted to kinetic
energy when released.
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Example: Hot water has thermal energy
because of the collective kinetic and potential
energy of the molecules within it.
Temperature is the measure of how much
thermal energy is in a substance
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Example: Your body breaks down glucose
and reacts it with oxygen to produce energy.
Chemical energy is similar to potential energy
but on a microscopic scale by the attraction
between different parts of a molecule
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Example: Some materials have electrons that
can be easily moved from one molecule to
another, if another electric field is applied.
This generates an electric current.
Electrical energy is the movement of
electrons to generate energy.
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Example: In the sun the nuclei of hydrogen
fuse to create helium.
The fusing of nuclei (fusion) and splitting of
nuclei (fission) energy is produced.
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Radiant Energy is the energy that comes
from electromagnetic waves; which is called
Radiant Energy.
Radiant Energy is, like most forms of energy,
measured in joules and is calculated by
integrating the Radiant flux of the
electromagnetic waves, to the respect of
time.
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Energy comes in many forms
All forms of energy affect the natural world in
different ways.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy will always transfer from high to low.
energy will not always transfer at a 100%
efficiency level.
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Matter is what makes up all things. It is the
basis in all life, no matter what it is, it will
always have some sort of matter. From the
oceans, all the way to mountains, matter is
the basis structure to all life.
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An atom is composed of a center nucleus
surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
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The nucleus of an atom is composed of
neutrons and protons.
Most of the mass in an atom exists in the
nucleus.
Protons and neutrons are composed of the
sub atomic particle known as quarks.
A nucleus, must always have and equal
number of protons and neutrons, with the
exception of a hydrogen molecule.
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Electrons make up the cloud surrounding the
nucleus
An electron carries a negative electric charge.
Electrons when in motion create electricity
and magnetic fields.
Electrons give off a -1 charge, which in return
balances it out with the proton who gives off
a +1 charge.
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Protons are found in the middle of a nucleus,
along with neutrons, but is also stable by
itself and contains a second identity as a
hydrogen ion.
The proton has a +1 charge, that balances it
out with the electron which has a -1 charge.
There are a total of three quarks two up, and
one down, these quarks are bound together
by a strong force.
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A neutron, is the only thing that is inside a
nucleus that has a neutral charge.
A neutron is know to have a slightly larger
electrical charge than that of a proton.
Like a proton, a neutron is structured of three
quarks, but instead of two up and one down.
The neutron’s quarks are structured as two
down and one up.
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A molecule is technically defined as having
two atoms, that are held together by a very
strong chemical bond.
Molecules are common in organic
substances. They also make up most of the
oceans and atmosphere.
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Molecules have fixed equilibrium
geometries—bond lengths and angles—
about which they continuously oscillate
through vibration and rotational motions.
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Most molecules are far too small to be seen
with the naked eye, but there are exceptions.
DNA, a macromolecule, can reach
macroscopic sizes, as can molecules of many
polymers.
The smallest molecule is the diatomic
hydrogen (H2), with a length of 0.74.
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Matter isn't just one thing, matte ris what
makes up everything, that is anything, that is
on the planet earth.
There are four major things that make up an
atom, Electron, Proton, Neutron, and
Nucleus.
Molecules, are basically the bigger version of
an atom, with a slightly bigger structure that
helps in the making process of the entire
world.
WWW.flexporing.com/energy/energy-types.pdf
WWW.nmsea.org/curriculum/primer/formsofene
rgy
 WWW.energyeducation.gov/energy/section/topi
cs
 WWW.NYU.edu/pages.mathmol/textbook/enen
ergy
 WWW.chem4kids.com/files/matter/intro.html
 WWW.Mcdaniel.edu/graduate/Ti/pages/Lewis/m
atterweb.edu
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