Download C8551 Cognitive Psychology Sample Paper 2015

Candidate Number
C8551
THE UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX
BSc SECOND YEAR EXAMINATION
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
SAMPLE PAPER 2016-17
DO NOT TURN OVER UNTIL INSTRUCTED
TO BY THE CHIEF INVIGILATOR
INSTRUCTIONS
Answer ALL parts of Section A and and B and ONE further question from Section C.
Section A carries 40%, Section B carries 30%, and Section C carries 30% of the marks.
Do not remove the question paper, answer sheet or answer book, used or unused,
from the examination room; they will be collected before you leave.
Time allowed: 2 hours
SECTION A
The answers to this section, one to each question, should be marked on the answer
sheet provided. Answers are on the last page of this exam paper.
SECTION B
The answers to this section should be marked on this question paper.
[10 open-ended questions.]
SECTION C
Answer ONE question from this section in the answer books provided.
[8 choices of essay question.]
C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
1.
Which one of the senses is not processed via the thalamus?
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
The method of constant stimuli is where:
a)
b)
c)
d)
3.
Processing of an image starts with the top of the image
Processing of an image starts at the bottom of the image
Experience and knowledge influence processing
Processing is based on features only
What does the S-(L+M) colour vision channel signal?
a)
b)
c)
d)
6.
Parasol ganglion cells
Koniocellulalr cells
Extrastriate cells
Midget ganglion cells
Top-down processing is where:
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.
You present the same stimuli on each psychophysical trial
You preselect stimulus levels and the participant responds yes or no
depending on whether they detected the stimulus
The stimulus levels on each trial are set by the participants response and
the participant responds as to whether they detected the stimulus
Stimuli are fixed and participants are asked to respond as to whether they
detected a difference.
Which of these cells are found at the last stage in retinal processing and
provide signals to magnocellular layers of the LGN?
a)
b)
c)
d)
4.
Touch
Smell
Vision
Hearing
‘Red-green’ colour differences
Luminance differences
‘Blue-yellow’ colour differences
Colour in motion
What visual illusion demonstrates colour opponency in action?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Chromatic troxler effect
Colour aberration
Colour observation
Colour after-effect
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
7.
The frequency of a pure, periodic tone is the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
8.
The main function of the middle ear is:
a)
b)
c)
d)
9.
Duration of each cycle
Amplitude of each cycle
Number of cycles per second
Speed at which it propagates in the air
Sound filtering
Frequency analysis
Impedance matching
Transduction
Two different vowels spoken at the same pitch have:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Different harmonic frequencies and amplitudes
Different harmonic amplitudes but the same harmonic frequencies
Different harmonic frequencies but the same harmonic amplitudes
The same harmonic frequencies and amplitudes
10. Men's voices generally differ from women's voices in having:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Higher formants and lower pitch
Lower formants and lower pitch
The same formants but lower pitch
Higher formants and higher pitch
11. The consonants in the syllables /ba/, /da/ and /ga/ differ by:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Their place of articulation only
Their place of articulation and their voice onset time
Their voice onset time only
None of the above
12. With respect to speech, categorical perception refers to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
A poor ability to distinguish speech sounds from the same category
Improved discrimination at phoneme boundaries
Discrimination that is predictable from categorisation
All of the above
[Note: if d is the correct answer no credit will be given for answering a, b, or c]
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
13. Which of these hypothesis cites sexual selection as one of the forces behind
the evolution of language:
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Social gossip hypothesis
The Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis
The Social brain hypothesis
The Scheherazade effect hypothesis
14. According to Michael Corballis’ gestural theory:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gestural communication predates vocal communication in primates
Gestural communication is more efficient than vocal communication
Gestural communication is uniquely human
None of the above
15. The cocktail party phenomenon refers to the ability to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
16.
Filter out the effect of alcohol on attention
Focus attention on a single source
Attend to more than one channel based on the level of intoxication
Attend to an unattended channel depending on the content of the
information
Working memory interacts with the 'cocktail party effect' such that individuals with:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Low working memory capacity find it more difficult to block irrelevant
information
High working memory capacity find it more difficult to block irrelevant
information
Low working memory capacity find it easier to block irrelevant information
High working memory capacity are completely successful at blocking
irrelevant information
17. Examples of selective attention include:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Reporting the color of ink in which a color name is written (Stroop effect)
Talking on a hands-free cell phone while driving
Ignorance of content of irrelevant message in a dichotic listening
experiment
a and c
[Note: if d is correct answer no credit will be given for answering a or c]
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
18. Covert attention refers to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
A shift of attention accompanied by an eye movement
A shift of attention in the absence an eye movement
The ability to focus attention on a single source of information
The ability to focus attention on more than one thing at the same time
19. During a very perceptually demanding task people are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Less vulnerable to distraction
More vulnerable to distraction
More vulnerable to “inattentional blindness”
a and c
[Note: that if d is correct answer no credit will be given for answering a or c]
20. Which of the following is NOT true of the Logogen model?
a)
b)
c)
d)
The more information that is consistent with a word the greater the
activation of the logogen
A logogen accumulates evidence until its threshold level is reached, then
the word is recognized
Recently read words/associates have higher thresholds
Non-words are rejected if no logogen has fired by a certain deadline
21. Morphemes are the smallest:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Units of sound in a language that change meaning
Units of meaning in a language that change sound
Pronounceable units of a language
Units of meaning in a language
22. In linguistics, pragmatics is the study of the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Meanings that sentences and utterances actually convey when used in context
Literal meanings that sentences and utterances have
Most sensible basis on which to construct a grammar
Related set of meanings that a single word can have
5
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
23. Why do we need concepts?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Concepts enable us to generalise from past experiences to a new instance
Concepts enable us to make predictions about other instances of a
category
Conceptual hierarchies provide economy of representation
All of the above
[Note: if d is the correct answer no credit will be given for answering a, b, or c]
24. Elaborative inferences are made:
a)
b)
c)
d)
During reading
To link up ideas from different sentences
Only when they depend on information that is “readily available” in memory
Only when reading difficult material
25. The set of properties that an object must have to be a member of a particular
class of things is termed its:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Superordinate
Attributes
Intension
Extension
26. Which are the two components of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Probabilistic determinism and linguistic relativity
Linguistic determinism and social relativity
Linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity
Probabilistic determination and social relativity
27. Which of the following is defined as a temporary storage system that can hold
and integrate information from other structures in working memory?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer
Central executive
Phonological loop
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
28. Essay questions can be more difficult than multiple choice because with an
essay question:
a)
b)
c)
d)
There are more cues to stimulate memory
Recall is required rather than recognition
There is more proactive inhibition
There is more interference
29. Memories of historical facts are to __________ memory, as memories of your
breakfast this morning are to __________ memory:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Episodic; procedural
Procedural; semantic
Semantic; episodic
Long-term; short-term
30. The storage capacity of long-term memory is best described as:
a)
b)
c)
d)
A single item
About seven items
About seven “chunks”
Limitless
31. Remembering the first and last items of a list better than items in the middle is
due to the:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Levels of processing effect
Serial position effect
Pseudo-memory effect
32. An area of the brain of particular importance for encoding long-term memories:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hippocampus
Parietal lobe
Habenula
Medulla
33. The image that persists for about one-half second after being seen is a(n):
a)
b)
c)
d)
Sensation
Echo
Icon
Illusion
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
34. SEU stands for:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Subjected expected utility
Subjective experiential utility
Subjective expected utility
Subjected experiential utility
35. Which of the following is NOT one of the Kahneman and Tversky heuristics?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Representativeness
Availability
Anchoring and adjustment
Take the best
36. When using the anchoring and adjustment heuristic, people:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Overadjust from poor initial anchors
Fail to adjust sufficiently from poor initial anchors
May under- or overadjust depending on the initial anchor
Often fail to adjust from an initial anchor
37. According to Prospect Theory:
a)
b)
c)
d)
The status quo is ignored
Very small probabilities are accurately assessed
Losses loom larger in people’s minds than equivalent gains
Anticipated regret is the major influence on decision making
38. Which of the following experiences are people most likely to volunteer to repeat
after the event?
a)
b)
c)
d)
60 seconds with one hand immersed in water at 14°C
90 seconds with one hand immersed in water at 14°C
60 seconds with one hand immersed in water at 16 °C followed by 30
seconds with the same hand immersed in water at 14 °C
60 seconds with one hand immersed in water at 14°C followed by 30
seconds with the same hand immersed in water at 16 °C
39. To say that people are loss averse means they:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Do not like losing things
Dislike losing goods of a certain value more than they like gaining goods
of the same value
Are risk seeking in the domain of losses
Are risk averse in the domain of losses
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
40. I begin a major project which is rather different from projects I have undertaken
before, though other people have undertaken such projects and completed
them in about 5 years, I am likely to predict I will take:
a)
b)
c)
d)
3 years to complete the project and actually take 5
5 years to complete the project and actually take 3
3 years to complete the project and actually take 3
5 years to complete the project and actually take 5
9
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
SECTION B
Each of the following questions is worth 3 marks. The answers to this section
should be marked on this question paper.
41. How did Blakemore and Cooper (1970) show that there are critical periods for
the development of orientation selective neurons in the cortex? (in a maximum
of 2 sentences)
42. Explain the concept of exaptation (in a maximum of 2 sentences).
43. Cite the three dimensions of a sound signal that are represented on a
spectrogram.
44. What is the definition of a proposition in a text?
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
45. What are three main theories of concept representation?
46. List three main types of behavioural evidence for the phonological store
component of Baddeley & Hitch’s (1974) working memory model.
47. Order the following types of retrieval tasks from easiest to hardest:
Cued Recall
Single Item
Forced Choice
Free Recall
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
48. Tasks with __________ perceptual load exhaust capacity. Tasks with
___________ perceptual load leave spare capacity.
49. Describe what regression to the mean is using a real world example.
50. Describe the four-fold pattern of risk seeking and risk aversion.
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
SECTION C
41. How does experience influence perception?
42. Explain how the main acoustic components of the human voice are produced
and how they are perceived.
43. To what extent is the categorisation of speech sounds innately or culturally
determined?
44. How might individual differences in perceptual processing capacity or working
memory capacity be expected to affect attention?
45. What is the Dual-Route model of word reading, and how can different types of
acquired dyslexia be accounted for in this model?
46. Outline one model of text comprehension and the evidence that supports it.
47. How different is episodic memory from semantic memory?
48. What are the main facts that a psychological theory of decision making has to
explain and why does utility theory not give a good account of these facts?
END OF PAPER
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C8551 Cognitive Psychology – SAMPLE PAPER
CORRECT ANSWERS
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B
B
A
C
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D
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C
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B
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B
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B
A
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