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DNA , Mitosis and Meiosis What is DNA and How does it work? 1. DNA shape 1. spiraling ladder or double helix 2. Function of DNA? 1. Acts as a blueprint for living things 3. Amino Acids? 1. tiny chemicals that make up proteins – building blocks 4. Relationship between DNA and amino acids (AA) 1. DNA tells the AA in what shape to line up in order to create a protein 5. What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA? 5. adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine 6. Ribosomes make proteins by reading the DNA and line up the amino acids; List the Steps to make proteins • • • • • DNA makes RNA Ribosomes and RNA lines up aa AA makes proteins Proteins makes cells Cells make life Guanine Adenine Cytosine Thymine sugar phosphate backbone Hydrogen Bonds Review DNA Think about these questions on your own. 1. What is the function of DNA? • DNA acts as a blueprint for living things. It tells the ribosomes in what order to line up the amino acids to create proteins. 2. Where is DNA housed in the cell? • Nucleus 3. What is the difference between DNA and RNA? • DNA is housed in the nucleus and RNA is a copy of DNA that is moved to the cytoplasm to be read by ribosomes to make proteins. 4. What is the relationship between DNA , ribosomes, and amino acids. • DNA is copied to RNA and then ribosomes read the RNA and tell amino acids in what order to line up in to create proteins. Mitosis Both • 2 daughter cells • Asexual reproduction • Offspring genetically identical • Goes through PMAT once • Growth and repair • Somatic Cells • Cell divides once • Unicellular organisms use for reproduction • Multicellular organisms use for growth and repair • Chromosomes remain exact copies • DNA replicates before division • Before division organelles in cell must be copied • After telophase cytokinesis Lesson Launcher Questions 1. Give 3 examples of somatic cells. 2. What are gametes? 3. What process creates gametes? 4. What process creates somatic cells? 5. What is the difference in the product of Mitosis and Meiosis? Meiosis • Offspring genetically different • 4 daughter cells • Sexual reproduction • Goes through PMAT twice • Reproduction • Gametes • Cell divides twice • Chromosomes exchange DNA Prokaryotic • No membrane bound organelles • DNA – Circular • No Nucleus • Example: bacteria • Antibiotics are specific to these cells Both • Genetic Material – DNA • Ribosomes • Cell Membranes • Have organelles • Cells perform certain functions Eukaryotic • Membrane bound organelles • DNA – double helix • Nucleus • Example: fungus and human cells • Antibiotics don’t work
