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Chapter 13
How Populations Evolve
Active Lecture Questions for
Biology: Concepts & Connections, Sixth Edition
Campbell, Reece, Taylor, Simon, and Dickey
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Concept Check
This Basilosaurus fossil (an
extinct, early whale) provides
strong evidence that:
1)
Whales originated in
marine environments.
2)
Whale ancestors were
four-legged terrestrial
animals.
3)
Ancient whales swam
faster than modern
whales
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer
This Basilosaurus fossil (an
extinct, early whale) provides
strong evidence that:
2)
Whale ancestors were
four-legged terrestrial
animals.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Concept Check
Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection as the
mechanism of evolution based on three observations about
nature. Which of the following were part of Darwin’s
observations?
1)
Populations have the potential to produce more individuals
than the environment can support.
2)
Individuals in some population have varied characteristics.
3)
Variation in individuals appears to be inherited.
4)
All of the above.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer
Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection as the
mechanism of evolution based on three observations about
nature. Which of the following were part of Darwin’s
observations?
4)
All of the above.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Concept Check
Natural selection works with
genetic variation. The ultimate
source of genetic variation is
mutation in the DNA (or RNA is
some organisms). However in
sexually reproducing organisms
with long generation time what
process(es) account(s) for
individual variation?
1)
Random fertilization
2)
Crossing over
3)
Independent assortment
4)
All of the above
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer
Natural selection works with
genetic variation. The ultimate
source of genetic variation is
mutation in the DNA (or RNA is
some organisms). However in
sexually reproducing organisms
with long generation time what
process(es) account(s) for
individual variation?
4)
All of the above
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Concept Check
Evolutionary fitness is an often misunderstood concept. Which
of the following imaginary individuals would have the greatest
evolutionary fitness?
1)
Sparrow A
2)
Sparrow B
3)
Sparrow C
4)
Sparrow D
Sparrow A
Sparrow B
Sparrow C
Sparrow D
Beak size
13 mm
15 mm
17 mm
16 mm
Lifespan
2.5 years
2 years
3 years
3 years
10
16
12
14
Offspring that
survive to
adulthood
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Answer
Evolutionary fitness is an often misunderstood concept. Which
of the following imaginary individuals would have the greatest
evolutionary fitness?
2)
Sparrow B
Sparrow A
Sparrow B
Sparrow C
Sparrow D
Beak size
13 mm
15 mm
17 mm
16 mm
Lifespan
2.5 years
2 years
3 years
3 years
10
16
12
14
Offspring that
survive to
adulthood
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Interpreting Data
Only one run of the model is
graphed. Note that the A1 allele
went extinct after about 100
generations. Which of the
following is most likely for
additional trials?
Genetic drift is the change in the
gene pool of a small population due
to chance. This graph represents a
computer model of the change in
frequency of one allele (A1) (out of
two at one locus) in a starting
population of 100. All other H-W
conditions apply.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
1)
A1 will always go extinct in
less than 500 generations.
2)
A1 will not go extinct in
less than 500 generations.
3) A1 will either go to 1.0 or
0.0 in less than 500
generations.
Answer
Only one run of the model is
graphed. Note that the A1 allele
went extinct after about 100
generations. Which of the
following is most likely for
additional trials?
Genetic drift is the change in the
gene pool of a small population due
to chance. This graph represents a
computer model of the change in
frequency of one allele (A1) (out of
two at one locus) in a starting
population of 100. All other H-W
conditions apply.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) A1 will either go to 1.0 or
0.0 in less than 500
generations
Interpreting Data
Here, three runs of the model
are graphed. Which of the
following is most likely?
Genetic drift is the change in the
gene pool of a small population due
to chance. This graph represents a
computer model of the change in
frequency of one allele (A1) (out of
two at one locus) in a starting
population of 100. All other H-W
conditions apply.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
1)
About 50 % of the time A1
will go extinct in less than
500 generations.
2)
About 67 % of the time A1
will go extinct in less than
500 generations.
3)
About 67% of the time A1
will go to a frequency of
100% in less than 500
generations.
Answer
Here, three runs of the model
are graphed. Which of the
following is most likely?
1)
Genetic drift is the change in the
gene pool of a small population due
to chance. This graph represents a
computer model of the change in
frequency of one allele (A1) (out of
two at one locus) in a starting
population of 100. All other H-W
conditions apply.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
About 50 % of the time A1
will go extinct in less than
500 generations.
Interpreting Data
Here, three runs of the model are
graphed for a larger population of
1000. How does the larger
population affect the rate of drift?
This graph represents a computer
model of the change in frequency
of one allele (A1) (out of two at
one locus) in a starting population
of 1000. All other H-W conditions
apply.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
1)
A1 allele will never
become fixed at 1.0 or 0.0.
2)
It takes more generations
for the A1 allele to become
fixed at 1.0 or 0.0.
3)
The greater population
size indicates that A1 must
be the dominant allele.
Answer
Here, three runs of the model are
graphed for a larger population of
1000. How does the larger
population affect the rate of drift?
2)
This graph represents a computer
model of the change in frequency
of one allele (A1) (out of two at
one locus) in a starting population
of 1000. All other H-W conditions
apply.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
It takes more generations
for the A1 allele to become
fixed at 1.0 or 0.0.
Biology and Society
One concept of conservation biology is known as minimum viable
population. Some species’ populations are so fragmented and
small that they may have very little genetic variability left. With
minimal genetic variation in the population there is little likelihood
that a population can adapt to an environmental threat such as a
new disease. Florida panthers are at or below the minimum
viable population level (estimated population less than 80).
Do you think that it is practical to use limited resources to
conserve a population like the Florida panther?
Strongly
Disagree
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
A
B
C
D
E
Strongly
Agree
Biology and Society
During the anthrax crisis of 2001, public health officials urged
citizens to not take the antibiotic ciprofloxacin as a preventative
measure. Public health officials were concerned that over use of
ciprofloxacin would lead to resistant varieties of anthrax and
other bacterial pathogens. Ciprofloxacin is one of the few readily
available effective antibiotics that can treat anthrax.
Do you think that public health officials should more directly
regulate the availability of ciprofloxacin to assure its proper
use?
Strongly
Disagree
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
A
B
C
D
E
Strongly
Agree
Biology and Society
For some science and religion seem to be at odds—especially
with regard to the topic of evolution. Many evolutionary scientists
hold devout religious beliefs. Like many devoutly religious people
these scientists are able to reconcile their religion and their
science. Others find the two ways of knowing to be in conflict.
There is little doubt that a literate citizen should explore the
interface between science and religion. There is a social
controversy but there is not a scientific controversy.
Do you think that this issue should be a part of a science
class?
Strongly
Disagree
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
A
B
C
D
E
Strongly
Agree