Download File - Jillian M. O`Neil

KNH 411 - GI TERMS – Quiz: 9/12
cheil/o-lips
chol/o-bite
cholescyst/o-gall bladder
col/o-large intestine or colon
dent/o-teeth procto/o-anus &
rectum
enter/o-small intestine
esophag/o-esophagus
gastr/o-stomach
douden/o-duodenum (first part of small intestine
gingiv/o-gums
gloss/o-tongue
hepat/o-liver
pancreat/o-pancreas
rect/o-rectum
stomat/o-mouth
G.I. Diagnostic Terms
Aerophagia- the swallowing of air resulting in gas and bloating
Ascites- accumilation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Cholecystitis- inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholelithiasis (biliary calculi)- The presence or formation of the gallstones
Cirrhosis (liver)- end stage liver disease, characterized by damage to hepatic parenchymal
cells with modular regeneration and fibrosis
Diverticulitis- an acute inflammation of the diverticula
Diverticulosis- and abnormal presence of outpockets or pouches (diverticula) on the surface
of the small intestine or colon
Esophagitis- Inflammation of the esophagus
Fistula- an abnormal opening or passage between two internal organs or from an internal
organ to the surface of the body
Gastritis/gastroenteritis- inflammation of the gastric mucosa
Hematic coma- coma that can occur in severe cases of liver disease
Hiatal hernia- protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm into the space
normally occupied by the
esophagus, heart, lungs
Ilelitis- Inflammation of the ileum
Inflammatory bowel disease- an autoimmune, chronic inflammatory condition of the
gastrointestinal tract.
Two diagnoses: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
Irritable bowel syndrome- a bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain with diarrhea
and/or constipation
Malabsorption syndromes- A group of symptoms such as gas, bloating, abdominal pain, and
diarrhea resulting from the body's inability to properly absorb nutrients in the
gastrointestinal tract.
Pancreatitis- inflammation of the pancreas
Peritonitis- an inflammation of the peritoneum membrane
Portal systemic encephalopathy- associated with cirrhosis of the liver, attributed to the
passage of toxic nitrogenous substances from the portal to the systemic circulation
Sprue, nontropical (celiac disease, gluten enteropathy)- inflammation of the small intestine
caused by gluten found in various grains, including wheat
Ulcer- An open sore on an external or internal surface of the body, caused by a break in the
skin or mucous membrane that fails to heal.
Ulcerative colitis- a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily located in the colon and
rectum
G.I Operative/Surgical Procedure Terms
Anastomosis- the surgical connection of body parts, especially hollow tubular parts like those
of the GI tract
Cholcystectomy- Surgical removal of the gallbladder
Colostomy- a procedure in which the rectum only is surgically removed, and the end of the
colon is attached to the stoma
Diverticulectomy- the surgical removal of a diverticulum
Gastrectomy- surgery to resect a portion of or the entire stomach
Gastroduodenal anastomosis (Billroth I)- an operation in which the pylorus is removed and
the distal stomach is anastomosed directly to the duodenum
Gastrojejunal anastomosis (Billroth II)- an operation in which the lower part of the stomach
(antrum) is removed and a loop of small bowel (jejunum) is brought up and joined to
it in a (side-to-side manner) for drainage (gastrojejunostomy).
Gastrojejunostomy- the surgical formation of a passage between the stomach and jejunum
Ileostomy- a procedure in which the colon and rectum are surgically removed, and the end
of the ileum is attached to the stoma
Jejunostomy- an opening into the jejunum
Pancreatectomy- Surgical removal of the pancreas.
Pyloroplasty- enlarging the pyloric sphincter
Vagotomy- severing of the vagus nerve, often a component of gastric surgery
G.I Symptomatic Terms
Achlorhydria- lack of gastric hydrochloric acid secretions
Anorexia- lack of appetite
Aphagia- loss of the ability to swallow
Borborygmus- stomach “growling”
Bulimia- bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting,
purging, or fasting.
Colic- Severe, often fluctuating pain in the abdomen caused by intestinal gas or obstruction
in the intestines and suffered esp. by babies
Constipation- a decrease in frequency of bowel movements with straining defecation
and/or hard stools
Diarrhea- frequent or unusually liquid bowel movements
Dumping syndrome- a group of symptoms that occurs with rapid passage of large amounts
of food from the stomach into the small intestine. Symptoms include dizziness,
sweating, decreased BP, and diarrhea
Dysgeusia- abnormalities in or reduced ability to taste
Dyspepsia- vague upper abdominal symptoms that may include upper abdominal pain,
bloating, early satiety,
nausea, or belching
Epigastric- referring to the upper abdominal region
Flatulence- perceived excess gas in the intestinal tract
Hepatomegaly- enlargement of the liver
Hyperchlorhydria- state in the stomach where gastric acid levels are higher than the normal
range
Hypochlorhydria (achyliagastrica)- states where the production of gastric acid in the
stomach is absent or low
Jaundice- a clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, consisting of deposition of bile
pigments in the skin, resulting in a yellowish staining of the skin and mucous
membranes
Melena- black “tarry” feces associated with gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Nausea- a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit
Polyphagia- excessive hunger
Steatorrhea- excess fat in the stool, resulting from fat malabsorption and causing diarrhea
Chart Abbreviations
Abd- abdomen, abdominal
BE- barium enema
BM- bowel movement
Cath- catheter, catheterize
GA- gestational age
GE- gastroenteritis
Gb (or GB)- gallbladder
GBD- gallbladder disease
GBS- gastric bypass surgery
GERD- gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI- gastrointestinal
GIT- gastrointestinal tract
HCL (or HCl)- hydrochloric acid
LES- Lower esophageal sphincter
MOM- milk of magnesia
N/GPCM
or PEM- protein-calorie malnutrition
Post-up- postoperative
Prep- preparation
Pu (or PU)SI- small intestine
TPN- total parenteral nutrition