Download Gastrointestinal Terms cheil/o-lips chol/o-bite gingiv/o

Gastrointestinal Terms
cheil/o-lips
chol/o-bite
cholescyst/o-gall bladder
col/o-large intestine or colon
dent/o-teeth procto/o-anus & rectum
enter/o-small intestine
esophag/o-esophagus
gastr/o-stomach
douden/o-duodenum (first part of small intestine
gingiv/o-gums
gloss/o-tongue
hepat/o-liver
pancreat/o-pancreas
rect/o-rectum
stomat/o-mouth
G.I. Diagnostic Terms
Aerophagia: the swallowing of air resulting in gas and bloating
Ascites: accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder
cholelithiasis (binary calculi): the presence or formation of gallstones
cirrhosis (liver): any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades an
organ; end-stage disease characterized by damage to hepatic parenchymal cells with
modular regeneration and fibrosis, associated with failure of hepatic cell function.
Diverticulitis: an acute inflammation of the diverticula
Esophagitis: inflammation of the esophagus
Fistula: an abnormal opening or passage between two internal organs or from an internal
organ or the surface of the body.
gastritis/gastroenteritis: inflammation of the gastric mucosa
hepatic coma: a worsening of brain function that occurs when the liver is no longer able
to remove toxic substances in the blood
hiatal hernia: protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm into the space
normally occupied by the esophagus, heart, and lungs.
Ilelitis: Inflammation of the illium; Crohn’s
inflammatory bowel disease: a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small
intestine
irritable bowel syndrome: a bowel disorder characterized by abdominal pain with
diarrhea and/or constipation
malabsorption syndromes: abnormal absorption of nutrients within your GI tract.
Pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas
Peritonitis: an inflammation (irritation) of the peritoneum, the thin tissue that lines the
inner wall of the abdomen and covers most of the abdominal organs.
portal systemic encephalopathy: occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness,
and coma as a result of liver failure.
sprue, nontropical (celiac disease, gluten enteropathy): a condition that creates
inflammation in the small intestine, and damage in the lining
ulcer: nonhealing break in skin or tissue surface
ulcerative colitis: a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily located in the
colon and rectum
G.I. Operative/Surgical Procedure Terms
Anastomosis: the surgical connection of body parts, especially hollow tubular parts like
those of the GI tract.
Cholecystectomy: surgical removal of the gallbladder
Colostomy: a surgical procedure in which a stoma is formed by drawing the healthy end
of the large intestine or colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal
wall and suturing it into place.
Diverticulectomy: surgery to remove an abnormal pouch on the lining of the small
intestine (bowel).
Gastrectomy: surgery to resect a portion of or the entire stomach
gastroduodenal anastomosis (Billroth I): Surgery The end-to-end joining of the upper
stomach to the duodenum after resecting the lower stomach
gastrojejunal anastomosis (Billroth II): a surgical procedure in which an anastomosis is
created between the stomach and the proximal loop of the jejunum
gastrojejunostomy:
The surgical formation of a direct communication between the stomach and the jejunum.
Ileostomy: a procedure in which the colon and rectum are surgically removed, and the
end of the ileum is attached to the stoma
Jejunostomy: an opening into the jejunum
Pancreatectomy: surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas
Pyloroplasty: surgery to widen the opening in the lower part of the stomach (pylorus) so
that stomach contents can empty into the small intestine.
Vagotomy: severing of the vagus nerve; often a component of gastric surgery
G.I. Symptomatic Terms
Achlorhydria: lack of gastric hydrochloric acid secretions
Anorexia: lack of appetite
Aphagia: the inability or refusal to swallow
Borborygmus: stomach “growling”
Bulimia: a person binges on food or has regular episodes of overeating and feels a loss of
control. The person then uses different methods -- such as vomiting or abusing laxatives - to prevent weight gain.
Colic: crying in a baby that lasts for longer than 3 hours a day and is not caused by a
medical problem.
Constipation: a decrease in frequency of bowel movements with stringing with defecation
and/or hard stools.
Diarrhea: frequent or unusually liquid bowel movements
dumping syndrome: a group of symptoms that occurs with rapid passage of large
amounts of food from the stomach into the small intestine
dysgeusia: abnormalities in or reduced ability to taste
dyspepsia: vague upper abdominal symptoms that may include upper abdominal pain,
bloating, early satiety, nausea, or belching.
Epigastric: referring to the upper abdominal region
Flatulence: perceived excess gas in the intestinal tract.
Hepatomegaly: enlargement of the liver
Hyperchlorhydria: refers to the state in the stomach where gastric acid levels are higher
than the normal range.
hypochlorhydria (achyliagastrica): refers to the state in the stomach where gastric acid
levels are lower than the normal range
jaundice: a clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia, consisting of deposition of bile
pigments in the skin, resulting in a yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes.
Melena: refers to the black, "tarry" feces that are associated with upper gastrointestinal
bleeding.[1]The black color is caused by the hemoglobin in the blood being altered by
digestive chemicals and intestinal bacteria.
Nausea: the feeling of having an urge to vomit
Polyphagia: excessive hunger
Steatorrhea: excess fat in the stool, resulting from fat malabsorption and causing diarrhea
Chart Abbreviations – G.I.
Abd: abdomen
BE: barium enema
BM: bowl movement
Cath: catheter
GA: general anesthesia
GE: gastric emptying
gb (or GB): gallbladder
GBD: gallbladder disease
GBS: gastric bypass surgery
GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease
GI: gastrointestinal
GIT: gastrointestinal tract
HCL (or HCl): hydrochloric acid
LES: lower esophageal sphincter
MOM: milk of magnesia
N/G: nasogastric
PCM or PEM: protein-energy malnutrition
post-up: posterior…
prep: preparation
pu (or PU): plutonium
SI: silicon
TPN: total parental nutrition