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King Abdulaziz University (KAU) Faculty of Science- Biochemistry Department Second semester 2014 Hormones- BIOC 313 Midterm exam Wednesday 9-6-1435/9-4-2014 Dr. Ayat B. Al-Ghafari Student Name Computer Number Total Mark 20 Bonus (in blue) 3 1 Question (1): In the following table, complete the missing word in column (A) by choosing what matching it from column (B) (0.5 for each point) (16.5 marks). Answer Column (A) 1- The thyroid gland has thousands of follicles. E Each follicle is filled with pink-staining proteinaceous material called (………..). 2- A deficiency of vasopressin leads to excessive G loss of urine, a condition known as (………….). 3- In males, Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone M (ICSH) is another name for (……………..). 4- Calcitonin has the ability to decrease blood S calcium levels in (……..). 5- The (……..) gland is considered the largest A endocrine gland. 6- Vasopressin hormone has another name I (……….). 7- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone H found in humans and other animals and it is produced by the (…….) pituitary lobe. 8- (……) is a mammalian hormone that acts L primarily as a neurotransmitter in the brain and is important for the contractions of epithelial cells in many organs. 9- When the thyroid gland is active, the follicle size B is (……….). 10- In females, an acute rise of LH called the Y (………..) triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 11- (………) is an important mineral in the formation F of thyroid hormones. 12- Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to J produce milk in a process called (…………). 13- The thyroid gland contains two lobes (Right & BB Left), that are connected by band of tissue called (…………). 14- When calcium concentration is high, it can W deposit in the kidney and form (………). 15- Cl- -I- co-transporter has another name, which is ( AA ……). 16- Vitamin D is important for the maintenance of CC (………) in blood and bones. 2 Column (B) A. Thyroid B. Small C. Lung and intestinal tract D. Calcitonin E. Colloid F. Iodine G. Diabetes insipidus H. Anterior I. ADH J. Lactation K. TRH L. Oxytocin M. LH N. Chief cells O. Na+ - K+ ATPase P. Lysosomes FF N X P Q V U O C Z R GG D DD EE T K 17- Thyroid hormones are derivatives of the amino acid (………). 18- The parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted from (……..). 19- During the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroglobulin (Tg) is synthesized in these cells (……..). 20- The endocytosed vesicle containing colloid is fused with (………..). 21- Overexpression of prolactin is clinically known as (……). 22- Inadequate production of parathyroid hormone, typically results in decreased concentrations of calcium and increased concentrations of phosphorus in blood, which results in (……….). 23- (……..) stimulates the production and release of melanin (melanogenesis) by melanocytes in skin and hair. 24- Na+-I- co-transporter has another name, which is (…….). 25- Calcitonin is secreted from C cells in the thyroid gland as well as from (……..). 26- It is a gland, which contains four small glands located in the neck. 27- The follicular cells and (……) cells are two major cells that formed the thyroid gland. 28- In sexually mature males, (…..) acts on spermatogonia stimulating (with the aid of testosterone) the production of sperms. 29- (……..) is a marker for thyroid gland cancer. Q. Hyperprolactenemia 30- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced from specialized cells known as (……..). 31- Other iodinated molecules are similar structurally to thyroid hormones but have little or no biological activity; so called (……….). 32- PTH stimulates the absorption of calcium from the small intestine indirectly under the effect of (………..). 33- Hypothalamus (…….) has a stimulatory effect on prolactin release. 3 R. C cells S. Bone and kidney T. Vitamin D U. MSH V. Tetany W. Kidney stones X. Follicular cells Y. LH surge Z. Parathyroid glands AA. Pendrin channel BB. Isthmus CC. Calcium DD. Gonadotrophs EE. Reverse T3 FF. Tyrosine GG. FSH Question (2): Put (T) or (F) for the following sentences and correct the false one (0.25 for each correct point and 0.5 for the false one) (6.5 marks) Answer Sentence Correction if the sentence is wrong T 1- Thyroid hormones are highly insoluble in water. T 2- Highly elevated levels of prolactin decrease the levels of sex hormones . 3- H2O2 is transported from the follicular cells to the lumen by the action of thyroid peroxidase (TPO). 4- FSH needs to work with other hormones to produce its effect. 5- Transthyrein is the major carrier for thyroid hormones. 6- The thyroid gland is well vascularized. 7- FSH signals to the brain have effects on appetite and sexual arousal. 8- LH levels are normally low during childhood and, in women, high after menopause. F T F T F T F 9- Dopamine stimulates prolactin secretion. F 10- Thyroid hormones synthesis begins with the uptake of chloride mineral from the blood. 11- H2O2 is produced as a result of the O2 interaction with intermediates of pentose phosphate pathway. 12- When the levels of T3 and T4 are low, the production of TSH from the pituitary gland is decreased. 13- The number and position of iodine is important in the structure and function of thyroid gland hormones. 14- In the synthesis of thyroid gland hormones, every time one sodium ion and two iodide ions are transported into the follicular cells. 15- Thyroid peroxidase is an important enzyme that catalyzes three major steps in the synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. These are respectively oxidation, iodination, and conjugation. 16- The iodinated and conjugated thyroglobulin is then endocytosed back into follicular cells, initiated by pendrin channel. 17- luteotropic hormone (LTH) is another name for prolactin hormone. 18- Vasopressin structure contains specialized amino acid (arginine). T F T F T F T T Dual Oxidase 2 Thyroglobulin MSH TRH/ Inhibition Iodide Increased 2 sodium and 1 iodide Megalin receptors Good Luck ,,, 4