Download Genetics Cram EOC Session

Genetics and Evolution EOC Cram
Questions! !
!
!
Name:
Genetic Diseases:
a. Sickle - cell anemia
b. Cystic Fibrosis
c. PKU
d. Huntington’s
SIMPLE GENETICS: Circle answer.
1. Dominant! !
2. Recessive
!
T!
t
T!
t
3. Phenotype! looks
!
!
12 The ONLY dominant disease
13 Missing enzyme to break down protein
14 Europeans, mucus lines lungs and
intestines
15 Mis-shaped red bold cells
16 African ancestry
17 must eat vegetarian diet
18 Only 1 parent is needed to pass this
disease on
19 Both parents are needed to pass
disease on (3 answers)
20 Doesn’t activate until 40 years old
_______________________________________
alleles
like
4. Genotype
looks
!
like
!
alleles
5. Homozygous!
Aa!
AA
6. Heterozygous!
Aa!
AA
7. Allele!
1 letter!
2 letters
8. Gene!
1 letter!
2 letters
_____________________________________
LAWS: Match letters to numbers.
9. Independent!
a. alleles separate when
Assortment
____
10. Segregation!
!
!
!
b. genes separate when
gametes are formed
c. Aa
d.
!
gametes are formed
a
A
AaBb
ab
aB
AB
Ab
11. Punnett Squares:
A= almond eye
a= round eye
heterozygote mates with a round eye;
Make Punnett square below:
!
!
!
COMPLEX GENETICS:
A. Codominance
B. Incomplete dominance
phenotype:
21. ALL alleles are dominant
22. BW means Black and white at same
time
23. The heterozygote shows a blending
phenotype
24. written as AA’
25. When red flowering plants mate with
white flowering plants to make pink
offspring
C.Multiple alleles
D.sex-linked
26. blood typing
27. colorblindness
28. phenotypes show hierarchy of
dominance
29. found on X or Y chromosome
30. IA, IB, i alleles
31. XHXh
Complex Genetics Punnett squares:
32. Red flowers (R) are incompletely
dominant over white (R’) flowers. Two
pink flowering plants mate.
% offspring will have
pink flowers?
33. A woman has A blood (her parents
have type A and type O) is having a baby.
Her husband has AB blood. What percent
chance do they have of a child with AB
blood? _____________
37. girls get their sex-linked traits from
their _____________ (mom, dad, both)
38. boys get their sex-linked traits form
their _____________ (mom, dad, both)
39. XHXh mates with XhY
Phenotype of boys:
A
Hint: Mom ________ Dad ________
34. Don wants his dog to have puppies
that have both black and white fur.
Don’s dog is black. What color dog
should Don’s dog mate with to have
the highest percent of black and
white puppies?
A. black
B. white
c. black & white
35. XX = _____________ (girl or boy)
36. XY = _____________ (girl or boy)
40. What type of disease is shown in the
pedigree above?
a. dominant b. recessive
How do you know?
41 What percent chance does couple
marked A have of giving birth to a child
with this disease?
Continue to
next page!
This page left
blank.
EVOLUTION
Darwin: Theory of natural selection: “Survival of the fittest” which means
ORGANISMS BEST ADAPTED WILL
SURVIVE
REPRODUCE AND PASS ON THEIR GENES
1. A population of beetles has incomplete dominance for body color: black, white or gray. A fire burns the forest and
the percentage of body color for beetles changes. Look at the table below:
Beetle Color
Black
% Before
the fire
25
% After
the fire
60
Gray
55
20
White
20
20
_____ What type of selection has occurred after the fire?
a. directional
b. disruptive
c. stabilizing
2. Which relationship would least likely occur through coevolution?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The swallowtail butterfly larvae shows a strong physical resemblance to a snake.
Female amphibians lay their eggs in water, which are then fertilized by the male.
Herbivores have digestive specializations that allow them to eat poisonous plants.
Prey animals have evolved elaborate defenses that help them to survive their predators.
3. Which best describes how resistance to antibiotics will aid in the evolution and survival of bacteria?
a. Bacteria resistant to antibiotics will survive, reproduce, and pass on their resistance to the next generation.
b.The mutation that causes bacteria to become resistant also causes quicker reproduction with increased
survival rates.
c. The presence of the antibiotics reduces competition between the bacteria present, which will allow some
bacteria to survive.
d. Resistance to antibiotics allows bacteria to cause a stronger disease-like reaction in an organism.
4. A population of kangaroo mice develops a genetic variation increasing their side-to-side movement. This genetic
variation causes the predator population of Great Horned Owls to develop quicker reflexes. Which is an
explanation for this interaction between predator and prey?
a. Coevolution is occurring in the two populations.
b. The prey population has developed adaptive traits.
c. he competitive exclusion principle has taken affect.
d. The predator population has developed adaptive traits.
5. Barnacles attach themselves to objects under water and filter out microscopic protists for food. An incomplete
dominance trait for barnacles’ codes for light, medium, or dark shell color. Barnacles use this trait as camouflage to
hide from predators. Most of the barnacles that attach themselves to boats (and survives) have medium colored
shells. This is an example of
a. Disruptive selection
c. Directional selection
b. Stabilizing selection
d. Codominance selection
6. Many people use antibiotic soaps to wash their hands, dishes, and counter tops, but researchers have
warned that this is not a good practice to follow. Why should antibiotic soaps be used sparingly?
a. They do not clean as well if used frequently.
b. They leave residue build-up that can be harmful.
c. People may develop allergies to the antibiotics.
d. The target bacteria may evolve into resistant bacteria.
Evolution Gel Analysis
7.Using the gel to the left, which deer species is most
closely related to the common ancestor (1)?
a. 2
b. 3 c. 4 d. both 3 & 4
8. How do you know the answer to number 7?
9. Why can scientists use parental
gels, like the one to the left, to
identify children to specific
parents?