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AP Biology Guided Reading Chapter 28, 29, 30 Adapted from Mrs. Miriello Name __________________________ Ch 28 Protists: 1. What is endosymbiosis? What is secondary symbiosis? 2. Label the diagram below to trace the evolution of protists. 3. What are the two main divisions of green algae? Ch 29: How Plants Colonized Land 4. List and describe the four traits that land plants share with charophyceans? 5. What resource did plants need to find a way to conserve to move to land? 6. What are the five derived traits that appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophyceans? 7. Thinking back to our chapter on classification – how is the clade terminology using primitive and derived traits a clear way of studying the evolution of plants? 8. What is a cuticle? 9. What are secondary compounds and how are they an advantage to plants? Give some examples. 10. Use the diagram below to view plant evolution in broad terms. 11. What general characteristics could you infer about plants that lack vascular tissue? 12. What general characteristics could you infer about plants that have a vascular system? 13. What are the three phyla represented by the Bryophytes? 14. Define the following terms: a. Protonema b. Rhizoids c. Stomata Page 1 of 3 15. What are some of the ecological and economic benefits of moss? List at least three. 16. Define the following terms: a. Xylem b. Tracheids c. Lignin d. Phloem e. Roots f. Leaves 17. What effect did the development of the first forests have on carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? Ch 30: The Evolution of Seed Plants 18. Define the following terms: a. Integuments b. Ovule c. Pollen grains d. Pollination e. Seed 19. What are the evolutionary advantages to seed formation? 20. What does the term Gymnosperm mean? 21. Are all conifers gymnosperm? 22. What is the common name of Angiosperms? 23. Define the following terms: a. Flower b. Sepals c. Petals d. Stamen e. Filament f. Anther g. Stigma h. Style i. Ovary j. Receptacle k. Pistil l. Fruit 24. What is double fertilization? 25. What is a cotyledon? 26. What function does the endosperm serve? 27. How does the development of angiosperms and animals in the same time frame meet the definition of coevolution? 28. How does human welfare depend on seed plants? 29. Why should we worry about destroying the tropical rain forest? Page 2 of 3 Page 3 of 3