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Plants
What is a Plant?
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Plants are multicellular
Eukaryotes
Cell walls made of cellulose
Carry out photosynthesis
Using the green pigments called chlorophyll a
and b
• Plants include trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses and
ferns
Plant life cycle
• Sporophyte- is the diploid (2N) phase of the
plant life. Or a spore producing plant
• Gametophyte- is the haploid (N) phase of the
plant life. Or the gamete-producing plant
Spore
(N)
Sporophyte
(2N)
Sperm
(N)
Eggs
(N)
Vascular Plant
• Phleom- passes a variety of materials mostly
carbohydrate.
▫ Sieve tube elements- these are arranged end to
end to form tubes these tubes have holes in them
so material can get through
• Xylem- conducts water. It has cells called
tracheids that are long, narrow cells with walls
that are impermeable to water.
Outer covering, single
layer, often covered in
thick waxy layer
(cuticle) that protects
against water loss and
injury.
Plant Groups
• Bryophytes- depend on water for reproduction,
lack vascular tissue
▫ These are mosses, liverwort, hornwart
• Vascular Plants- these have specialized parts
that deal with transportation of material.
▫ These include, ferns, club mosses, horsetails. And
all other kinds of plants that have specialized parts
to move material (ex. Flowers, trees)
• Seed Plants- are divided into two groups.
▫ Gymnosperms- bear their seeds directly on the
surface of cones
 Examples of gymnosperms: conifers; such as pines
and spruces, palm like plants; ginkgoes, cycads
▫ Angiosperms- flowering plants, bear their seeds
within a layer of tissue that protects the seed.
 Angiosperms can be broken down into two groups
woody and herbaceous.
 There are three categories; annual, biennial, and
perennial.
 They then are broken into dicot and monocot
Types of Angiosperms
Dicot
Angiosperm parts
Male
parts
Female
parts
Root systems
• Three of the principal organs of seed plants are
roots, stems, and leaves
• Roots- bring up water and dissolved nutrients,
they also anchor the plant to the ground, helps
to hold soil in place to help stop erosion.
• Stem-transports nutrient from roots to leaves,
storage of nutients, production of new tissue,
elevation of leaves so they can be in the sun.
• Leaves- are the place where photosynthesis
occures.