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European History, 31 BC–AD 900 Historical Tripos Part I, Paper 13 SELECT READING LISTS Compiled by Rosamond McKitterick, Tom Hooper, Michael Humphreys and Richard Sowerby Revised Michaelmas, 2014 Table of Contents A: The Roman Empire, to the third century Augustus Imperial government and administration From the ‘third-century crisis’ to the Tetrarchy The Roman economy Imperial cult and Roman religion Gender and sexuality Slavery and Roman society B: Late Antiquity Overviews From Constantine to Julian The Christianization of the Empire The emergence of monasticism Towns and economic change C: The Early Middle Ages Overviews Barbarian invasion and settlement Vandal Africa Ostrogothic Italy Visigothic Spain Merovingian Gaul and the Franks Byzantium in the age of Justinian The world of early Islam Central and Eastern Europe Byzantium in the eighth and ninth centuries The Carolingian Empire The vikings Early medieval kingship Early medieval queenship Law and legislation Towns and economic development Men and women in the early Middle Ages The Church 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 8 9 11 12 13 13 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 26 27 28 29 30 The entries given here for each topic offer only very select reading lists. A more comprehensive and detailed bibliography can be found on the Paper 13 Camtools site. A separate reading list prepared by Dr Paul Millet also supplements the entries given here for Roman history. 1 A: The Roman Empire to the third century AUGUSTUS Sources: Collected sources, Res gestae divi Augusti, Suetonius, Divus Augustus, 26–8, Tacitus, Annals, I.1–2, ed. M. Cooley, trans. B. Wilson The Age of Augustus (2003) ed. and trans. A. Cooley, Res Gestae Divi Augusti: Text, Translation, and Commentary (2009) trans. R. Graves, Suetonius: The Twelve Caesars, rev. J. Rives (London, 2007) [other translations available as ‘Lives of the Caesars’] trans. A. Woodman, Tacitus: The Annals (2004) [among other available translations] Cassius Dio, Roman History, LI.1, LIII.2–11, ed. and trans. E. Cary, Dio’s Roman History (1914–27) [among other available translations] General reading: A. Bowman, E. Champlin and A. Lintott (eds.), D. Favro, K. Galinsky, The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume X: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC–AD 69 (1996) [ch. 3] The Urban Image of Augustan Rome (1996) Augustus: Introduction to the Life of an Emperor (2012) [esp. chs. 3, 4 and 8] K. Galinsky, A. Powell (ed.) D. Shotter, M. Vessey (ed.), C. Wells, P. Zanker, Augustan Culture: An Interpretative Introduction (1996) Roman Poetry and Propaganda in the Age of Augustus (1992) Augustus Caesar (1991) [esp. chs. 3 and 6] A Companion to Augustine (2012) The Roman Empire (1992) [ch. 3] The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus, trans. A. Shapiro (1990) Tacitus: J. Ginsburg, C. Krauss and A. Woodman, V. Pagán (ed.), C. Pelling, P. Sinclair, B. Williams, A. Woodman (ed.), Tradition and Theme in the Annals of Tacitus (1981) Latin Historians (1997) A Companion to Tacitus (2012) ‘Tacitus and Germanicus’, in Tacitus and the Tacitean Tradition, ed. T. Luce and A. Woodman (1993), pp. 59–85 Tacitus the Sententious Historian: A Sociology of Rhetoric in Annales 1–6 (1995) ‘Reading Tacitus’ Tiberian annals’, Ramus 18 (1989), 140–66 The Cambridge Companion to Tacitus (2009) The Roman Empire IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION Sources: Collected sources, Collected sources, General reading: D. Braund (ed.), P. Garnsey and R. Saller, P. Garnsey and R. Saller, P. Garney and C. Whittaker (eds.), B. Levick, F. Millar, F. Millar, trans. B. Levick, The Government of the Roman Empire: A Sourcebook (1985) trans. R. Sherk, The Roman Empire: Augustus to Hadrian (1988) The Administration of the Roman Empirer (241 BC–AD 193) (1988) The Roman Empire: Economy, Society and Culture (1989) [Part I] The Early Principate: Augustus to Trajan (1982) Imperialism in the Ancient World (1978) [see chapters by Garnsey and Nutton] Imperium Romanum: Politics and Administration (1993) ‘The emperor, the senate and the provinces’, Journal of Roman Studies56 (1966), 156–66 ‘Empire and city, Augustus to Julian: obligations, excuses and status’, Journal of Roman Studies 73 (1983), 76–96 2 The Roman Empire FROM THE ‘THIRD-CENTURY CRISIS’ TO THE TETRACHY Sources: Collected sources, Collected sources, Collected sources, trans. N. Lewis and M. Reinhold, Roman Civilization Volume II: The Empire (1966) [ch. 6] trans. O. Hekster, Rome and its Empire, AD 193–284 (2008) trans. R. Rees, Diocletian and the Tetrarchy (2004) General reading: A. Bowman, A. Cameron and P. Garnsey (eds.), A. Cameron, A. Jones, N. Lenski (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337 (2005) [chs. 2–3, 5, and 6c–d] The Later Roman Empire, AD 284–430 (1993) [chs. 1–3] The Later Roman Empire, 284–602: A Social, Economic and Administrative Survey (1964) [vol. I, chs. 1–2] The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine (rev. ed., 2011) [ch. 2] F. Millar, The Roman Empire and its Neighbours (1967) [ch. 13] On the ‘third-century crisis’: R. MacMullen, D. Potter, ‘The crisis of the third century as seen by contemporaries’, Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 15 (1974) 89–112 Imperial Rome AD 193 to 284: The Critical Century (2012) ‘The third-century crisis in the Roman Empire’, Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 58 (1976), 253–81 ‘The crisis of the third century AD in the Roman Empire: a modern myth?’, in The Transformation of Economic Life under the Roman Empire, ed. L. de Blois and J. Rich (2002), pp. 204–17 ‘Was there a crisis of the third century?’ in Crises and the Roman Empire, ed. O. Hekster, G. de Kleijn and D. Slootjes (2006), pp. 11–20 Roman Government’s Response to Crisis, AD 235–337 (1976) Prophecy and History in the Crisis of the Roman Empire (1990) [ch. 1: see P. Southern, A. Watson, The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001) [chs. 1–3] Aurelian and the Third Century (1999) A. Alfödy, C. Ando, A. Birley, L. de Blois, J. Liebeschuetz, also the review in Journal of Roman Archaeology 9 (1996), 515–27] On Diocletian and the Tetrarchy: S. Corcoran, B. Leadbetter, S. Williams, The Empire of the Tetrarchs: Imperial Pronouncements and Government AD 284–324 (1996) Galerius and the Will of Diocletian (2009) Diocletian and the Roman Recovery (1985) For regional ‘crises’: J. Drinkwater, R. Stoneman, The Gallic Empire: Separatism and Continuity in the North-Western Provinces of the Roman Empire A.D. 260–274 (1987) Palmyra and its Empire: Zenobia’s Revolt against Rome (1992) 3 The Roman Empire THE ROMAN ECONOMY Sources: Collected sources, trans. F. Meijer and O. van Nijf, Trade, Transport and Society in the Ancient World: A Sourcebook (1992) Reading: R. Duncan-Jones, R. Duncan-Jones, M. Finley, P. Garnsey, P. Garnsey, K. Hopkins and C. Whittaker (eds.), K. Greene, K. Hopkins, C. Whittaker (ed.), Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy (1990) Money and Government in the Roman Empire (1994) The Ancient Economy (2nd ed., 1985) Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis (1988) Trade in the Ancient Economy (1983) The Archaeology of the Roman Economy (1986) ‘Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 BC–AD 400)’, Journal of Roman Studies 70 (1980), 101–25 Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity (1988) 4 The Roman Empire IMPERIAL CULT AND ROMAN RELIGION Sources: Collected sources, trans. M. Beard, J. North and S. Price, Religions of Rome. Volume II: A Sourcebook (1998) Reading: M. Beard, J. North and S. Price, P. Garnsey, K. Hopkins, R. Lane-Fox, J. Liebeschuetz, J. Rives Religions of Rome. Volume I: A History (1998) ‘Religious toleration in classical antiquity’, in Persecution and Toleration, ed. W. Sheils (1984), pp. 1–28 A World Full of Gods: Pagans, Jews and Christians in the Roman Empire (1999) Pagans and Christians (1986) Continuity and Change in Roman Religion (1979) Religion in the Roman Empire (2007) Imperial cult: J. Fears, I. Gradel, S. Price, S. Price, Princeps a diis electus: The Divine Election of the Emperor as a Political Concept at Rome (1977) Emperor Worship and Roman Religion (2004) ‘Between man and God: sacrifice in the Roman imperial cult’, Journal of Roman Studies 70 (1980), 28–43 ‘From noble funerals to divine cult: the consecration of Roman emperors’, in Rituals of Royalty: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies, ed. D. Cannadine and S. Price (1987), pp. 56– 105 5 The Roman Empire GENDER AND SEXUALITY Sources: Collected sources, trans. M. Lefkowitz and M. Fant, Women’s Life in Greece and Rome (1982) Reading: M. Beard, S. Dixon, C. Edwards, R. Flemming, J. Gardner, S. Pomeroy, A. Rouselle, M. Skinner, ‘The sexual status of the Vestal Virgins’, Journal of Roman Studies 70 (1980), 12–27 The Roman Mother (1988) The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (1993) Medicine and the Making of Roman Women (2000) Women in Roman Law and Society (1986) Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity (1975) Porneia: On Desire and the Body in Antiquity (1988) Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture (2005) 6 The Roman Empire SLAVERY AND ROMAN SOCIETY Sources: Collected sources, trans. T. Wiedemann, Greek and Roman Slavery (1981) Reading: K. Bradley, K. Bradley, K. Bradley and P. Cartledge (eds.), M. Bradley, M. Finley, M. Finley, L. Foxhall, P. Garnsey, K. Harper, W. Harris, K. Hopkins, D. Rathbone, W. Scheidel, Slavery and Society at Rome (1994) Slaves and Masters in the Roman Empire: A Study in Social Control (1984) The Cambridge World History of Slavery. Volume I: The Ancient Mediterranean World (2011) [esp. chs. 12–15] ‘On the Roman slave supply and slavebreeding’, in Classical Slavery, ed. M. Finley (1987), 53–81 Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology, ed. B.D. Shaw (rev. ed., 1980) The Ancient Economy (1992) [esp. ch. 3] ‘The dependent tenant: land leasing and labour in Italy and Greece’, Journal of Roman Studies 80 (1990) 97–114 Cities, Peasants and Food in Classical Antiquity: Essays in Social and Economic History (1998) [ch. 8] ‘The Greek census inscriptions of Late Antiquity’, Journal of Roman Studies 98 (2008), 83–119 ‘Demography, geography and the sources of Roman slaves’, Journal of Roman Studies 89 (1999) 62–75 Conquerors and Slaves (1978) [ch. 1] ‘The slave mode of production in Italy’, Journal of Roman Studies 73 (1983), 3–27 ‘Quantifying the sources of slaves in the early Roman empire’, Journal of Roman Studies 87 (1997), 156–69 7 8 B: Late Antiquity Overviews: P. Brown, P. Garnsey and C. Humphress, J. Harries, O. Hekster, S. Johnson (ed.), P. Rousseau and J. Raithel (eds), The Making of Late Antiquity (1978) The Evolution of the Late Antique World (2001) Imperial Rome AD 284–363: The New Empire (2012) Rome and its Empire, AD 193–284 (2008) The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity (2012) A Companion to Late Antiquity (2009) Sources: Collected sources, Collected sources, trans. N. Lewis and M. Reinhold, Roman Civilization Volume II: The Empire (1966) [pp. 566–618] trans. B. Croke and J. Harries, Religious Conflict in Fourth-Century Rome: A Documentary Study (1982) [a very good collection, but denser and less immediately accessible than the above] FROM CONSTANTINE TO JULIAN Sources: Collected sources, ed. and trans. S. Lieu, The Emperor Julian: Panegyric and Polemic (2nd ed., 1989) Constantine: H. Drake, C. Odahl, R. Van Dam, Constantine and the Bishops: The Politics of Intolerance (2000) Constantine and the Christian Empire (2nd ed., 2010) The Roman Revolution of Constantine (2007) Julian: P. Athanassiadi, Julian and Hellenism: An Intellectual Biography (1981) [esp. chs. 4–5] G. Bowersock, S. Tougher, Julian the Apostate (1978) Julian the Apostate (2007) Imperial government: C. Kelly, W. Liebeschuetz, R. MacMullen, F. Pedersen, Ruling the Later Roman Empire (2004) ‘Government and administration in the later Empire’, in The Roman World, ed. J. Wacher (1987) Corruption and the Decline of Rome (1988) Late Roman Public Professionalism (1976) Late Antiquity THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF THE EMPIRE Sources: Collected sources, Collected sources, Collected sources, trans. B. Ehrman and A. Jacobs, Christianity in Late Antiquity, 300– 450 CE: A Reader (2004) trans. R. MacMullen, Paganism and Christianity 100-425 C.E.: A Sourcebook (1992) trans. J. Stevenson, A New Eusebius: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337, rev. W. Frend (1987) [esp. nos. 258–71 and 280–96] Collected sources, trans. J. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies: Documents Illustrating the History of the Church AD 337–461, rev. W. Frend (1989) [nos.64–74, 88–93, 127–8, 168–76, 179–88, 215–28, 237–52] Introductions: A.K. Bowman, A. Cameron and P. Garnsey (eds.), A. Cameron, N. Lenski (ed.), The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XII: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193–337 (2005) [ch. 21] The Later Roman Empire, AD 284–430 (1993) [chs.4–6] The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine (2006) [chs. 3– 7] General reading: P. Brown, A. Cameron, P. Chuvin, A. Fear, J. Urbiña and M. Marcos, R. Flower, M Gaddis, E. Iricinschi and H. Zellentin (eds.), J. Leibeschuetz, R. MacMullen, A. Momigliano, E. Rebillard, Authority and the Sacred: Aspects of the Christianisation of the Roman World (1995) [chs. 1–2] The Last Pagans of Rome (2011) A Chronicle of the Last Pagans, trans. B. Archer (1990) [chs. 1–5] The Role of the Bishop in Late Antiquity: Conflict and Compromise (2013) ‘Visions of Constantine’, Journal of Roman Studies 102 (2012), 287– 305 There is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ: Religious Violence in the Christian Roman Empire (2005) Heresy and Identity in Late Antiquity (2008) Ambrose and John Chrysostom: Clerics between Desert and Empire (2011) Christianizing the Roman Empire (1984) [esp. chs. 5–11] The Conflict between Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century (1963) [chs. 1 and 4] Christians and their many Identities in Late Antiquity (2012) ‘Pagan monotheism’: P. Athanassiadi and M. Frede (eds.), T. Barnes, H. Chadwick, Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity (1999) [ch. 2] Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire (1993) [chs. 15, 16 and 18] The Church in Ancient Society: From Galilee to Gregory the Great (2001) [esp. chs. 28, 35, 41, 46–8 and 51–3] 9 Late Antiquity S. Hall, Doctrine and Practice in the Early Church (2nd ed., 2005) [chs. 12–16 and 19–22] A. Jones, A. Jones, S. Mitchell and P. van Nuffelen (eds.), R. Williams (ed.), Donatists: P. Brown, Christological controversies: H. Chadwick, H. Chadwick, R. Sellers, R. Williams, Constantine and the Conversion of Europe (1949) [chs. 7, 9 and 10] ‘Were ancient heresies national or social movements in disguise?’, Journal of Theological Studies 10 (1959), 280–98 Monotheism between Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity (2010) [esp. chs. 1, 5, 8 and 9] The Making of Orthodoxy: Essays in Honour of Henry Chadwick (1989) [esp. chs. by Williams, Hanson and Markus] ‘Religious dissent in the later Roman Empire: the case of North Africa’, History 46 (1961), 83-101; rptd in P. Brown, Religion and Society in the Age of St Augustine (1972), pp. 237–60 ‘Eucharist and Christology in the Nestorian Controversy’, Journal of Theological Studies 2 (1951), 145–64; rptd in H, Chadwick, History and Thought of the Early Church (1982), no. XVI ‘Faith and order at the Council of Nicaea: a note on the background of the sixth canon’, Harvard Theological Review 53 (1960), 171–95 The Council of Chalcedon: A Historical and Doctrinal Survey (1953) Arius: Heresy and Tradition (1987) Priscillian and Priscillianism’: V. Burrus, R. Van Dam, The Making of a Heretic: Gender, Authority and the Priscillianist Controversy (1995) [esp. Introduction, chs. 3–4 and Conclusion] Leadership and Community in Late Antique Gaul (1985) [ch. 5] Augustine and ‘Pelagianism’: P. Brown, P. Brown, W. Liebeschuetz, R. Rees, Augustine of Hippo: A Biography (1969) [chs. 29–33] ‘Pelagius and his supporters: aims and environment’, Journal of Theological Studies 19 (1968) pp. 93–114; reprinted in P. Brown, Religion and Society in the Age of St Augustine (1972), pp. 183–207 ‘Did the Pelagian movement have social aims?’, Historia 12 (1963), 227–41; rptd in W. Liebeschuetz, From Diocletian to the Arab Conquest: Change in the Late Roman Empire (1990), no. VII Pelagius: A Reluctant Heretic (1988) 10 Late Antiquity THE EMERGENCE OF MONASTICISM Sources: Athanasius, Life of St Antony Palladius, Lausiac History Theodoret, History of the Monks of Syria trans. R. Gregg, Athanasius: The Life of Antony and the Letter to Marcellinus (1980) [among other available translations] trans. R. Meyer, The Lausiac History of Palladius (1965) trans. R. Price, Theodoret of Cyrrhus: A History of the Monks of Syria (1985) Reading: D. Brakke, P. Brown, P. Brown, D. Caner, E. Clarke, P. Rousseau, Demons and the Making of the Monk: Spiritual Combat in Early Christianity (2006) ‘The rise and function of the holy man in Late Antiquity’, Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971), 80–101; rptd in P. Brown, Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity (1982), pp. 103–52 The Cult of the Saints (1981) Wandering, Begging Monks: Spiritual Authority and the Promotion of Monasticism in Late Antiquity (2002) Ascetic Piety and Women’s Faith: Essays on Late Ancient Christianity (1986) Pachomius: The Making of a Community in Fourth-Century Egypt (1985) 11 Late Antiquity TOWNS AND ECONOMIC CHANGE G. Brogiolo and B. WardPerkins, N. Christie and S. Loseby (eds.), G. Brogiolo, N. Gauthier and N. Christie, M. Hendy, S. Kingsley and M. Decker (eds.), J. Rich (ed.), R. Van Dam, The Idea and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (1999) Towns in Transition: Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (1996) Towns and their Territories between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (2000) ‘From public to private: the western barbarian coinages as a mirror of the disintegration of late Roman state structures’, Viator 19 (1988), 29–78 Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean during Late Antiquity (2001) The City in Late Antiquity (1992) ‘The Pirenne thesis and fifth-century Gaul’, in Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity?, ed. J. Drinkwater and H. Elton (1992), pp. 321– 33 [alongside other useful pieces in Part IV] 12 13 C: The Early Middle Ages Overviews: R. Collins, M. Innes, A. Murray, R. McKitterick (ed.), R. McKitterick (ed.), P. Sarris, J. Smith, C. Wickham, Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000 (3rd ed., 2010) Introduction to Early Medieval Europe, 300–900. The Sword, the Plough and the Book (2007) After Rome’s Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early Medieval History (1998) The Times Medieval World (2003) The Short Oxford History of Europe: The Early Middle Ages. Europe 400–1000 (2001) Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500–700 (2011) Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History, 500–1000 (2005) The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 (2009) BARBARIAN INVASION AND SETTLEMENT Sources: Ammianus Marcellinus, Res gestae, XXXI.4–13 Themistius, Orations, VIII and X trans. A. Wallace-Hadrill, Ammianus Marcellinus: The Later Roman Empire, AD 354–378 (1986) [among other translations] trans. P. Heather and J. Matthews, The Goths in the Fourth Century (1991) [ch. 2] General reading: A. Cameron, A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins and M. Whitby (eds.), N. Christie, J. Drinkwater, G. Halsall, G. Halsall, P. Heather, P. Heather, P. Heather, L. Little and B. Rosenwein (eds.), J. Liebeschuetz, E. Thompson, B. Ward-Perkins, L. Webster and M. Brown (eds.), The Later Roman Empire, AD 284–430 (1993) [ch. 9] The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XIV: Late Antiquity. Empires and Successors, AD 425–600 (2000) [ch. 1] The Fall of the Western Roman Empire: An Archaeological & Historical Perspective (2011) The Alamanni and Rome 213–496: Caracalla to Clovis (2007) ‘Movers and shakers: the barbarians and the fall of Rome’, Early Medieval Europe 8 (1999), 131–45 Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West, 376–568 (2007) The Goths (1996) The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History (2005) Empires and Barbarians (2010) Debating the Middle Ages: Issues and Readings (1998) [Part I] ‘The uses and abuses of the concept of ‘decline’ in later Roman history’, in Recent Research in Late-Antique Urbanism, ed. L. Lavan, (2001), pp. 233–45 [see also the debate which follows] The Huns (1996) The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (2005) The Transformation of the Roman World, AD 400–900 (1997) The Early Middle Ages Further discussions: A. Cameron and J. Long, Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius (1993) [esp. chs. 6 H.-W. Goetz, J. Jarnut and W. Pohl (eds.), Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World (2003) Sidonius Apollinaris and the Fall of Rome, AD 407–485 (1994) Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity (1996) [esp. ch. 3] Kingdoms of the Empire: The Integration of Barbarians in Late Antiquity (1997) Strategies of Distinction: The Construction of Ethnic Communities, 300–800 (1998) and 8] J. Harries, R. Mathisen and H. Sivan, W. Pohl (ed.), W. Pohl (ed.), Relations between ‘Romans’ and ‘barbarians': P. Heather, W. Goffart, W. Goffart, J. Matthews, T. Noble (ed.), Goths and Romans, 332–489 (1991) Barbarians and Romans A.D. 418–584: The Techniques of Accommodation (1980) Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire (2006) [ch. 6] Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court AD 364–425 (1975) From Roman Provinces to Medieval Kingdoms (2006) [esp. chs. 9, 11 and 13] P. Wormald, ‘The decline of the Roman Empire and the survival of its aristocracy’, Journal of Roman Studies 66 (1976) 217–26 14 The Early Middle Ages VANDAL AFRICA Sources: Victor of Vita, History of the Vandal Persecution Procopius, The Vandal War Isidore of Seville, History of the Goths, Sueves and Vandals Luxorius, collected works, The ‘Albertini Tablets’ trans. J. Moorhead, Victor of Vita: History of the Vandal Persecution (1992) ed. and trans. H. Dewing, Procopius (1914–40) trans. B. Domini and G. Ford, Isidore of Seville’s History of the Goths, Vandals and Suevi (1970) trans. M. Rosenblum, Luxorius: A Latin Poet among the Vandals (1961) plates in C. Courtois et al (eds.), Tablettes Albertini. Actes privés de l’époque vandale, fin du V. siècle (1952) Reading: M. Brett and E. Fentress, A. Cameron, F. Clover, J. Conant, J. Liebeschuetz, A. Merrills (ed.), A. Merrills and R. Miles, The Berbers (1996) [ch. 2] ‘Gelimer’s laughter: the case of Byzantine Africa’, in Tradition and Innovation in Late Antiquity, ed. F. Clover and R. Humphreys (1989), pp. 171–90 ‘The symbiosis of Romans and Vandals in Africa’, in Dash Reich und die Barbaren, ed. E. Chrysos and A. Schwarcz (1989), pp. 55–83 Staying Roman: Conquest and Identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439–700 (2012) ‘Gens into regnum: the Vandals’, in Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms, ed. H.-W. Goetz, J. Jarnut and W. Pohl (2003), pp. 55–83 Vandals, Romans and Berbers. New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa (2004) [an important collection] The Vandals (2010) 15 The Early Middle Ages OSTROGOTHIC ITALY Sources: Jordanes, Gothic History Cassiodorus, Variae Procopius, Gothic Wars trans. C. Mierow, The Gothic History of Jordanes (1915) trans. S. Barnish, The Variae of Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (1992) trans. A. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (2000) ed. and trans. H. Dewing, Procopius (1914–40) General reading: P. Amory, People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554 (1997) [esp. chs. 2, ‘Anonymous Valesianus’ 4, 6 and 7] S. Barnish and F. Marazzi (eds.), T. Burns, P. Fouracre (ed.), C. La Rocca (ed.), S. Lafferty, C. Wickham, C. Wickham, Theoderic: P. Heather, P. Heather, A. Jones, J. Moorhead, The Ostrogoths from the Migration Period to the Sixth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective (2007) The Ostrogoths: Kingship and Society (1980) [esp. ch. 4] The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume I: c. 500–c. 700 (2005) [ch. 6] Italy in the Early Middle Ages (2002) Law and Society in the Age of Theoderic the Great (2013) Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 400–1000 (1981) Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean 400– 800 (2005) [chs. 1–4, 10–11 have sections on Italy] Goths and Romans 332–489 ‘Theoderic, king of the Goths’, Early Medieval Europe 4 (1995), 145–73 ‘The constitutional position of Odoacer and Theoderic’, Journal of Roman Studies 52 (1962), 126–30 [dated but useful] Theoderic in Italy (1993) [see also review in Early Medieval Europe 5 (1996), 106–8] Cassidorus: S. Bjornlie, S. Bjornlie, P. Heather, J. O’Donnell, Jordanes: W. Goffart, ‘What do elephants have to do with sixth-century politics? A reappraisal of the “official” government dossier of Cassiodorus’, Journal of Late Antiquity 2 (2009), 143–71 Politics and Tradition between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople. A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554 (2013) The Restoration of Rome: Barbarians Popes and Imperial Pretenders (2014) [ch. 2] Cassiodorus (1979) The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550-800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (1988) [ch. 2] 16 The Early Middle Ages VISIGOTHIC SPAIN Sources: Julian of Toledo, History of King Wamba, Collected sources, Collected sources, trans. J. Martínez Pizarro, The Story of Wamba: Julian of Toledo’s Historia Wambae regis (2005) trans. O.R. Constable, Medieval Spain, Readings from Christian, Muslim and Jewish Sources (1997) trans. K.B. Wolf, Conquerors and Chroniclers of Early Medieval Spain (1990) Introductions: R. Collins, R. Collins, J. O’Callaghan, Early Medieval Spain, 400–1000 (2nd ed., 1991) Visigothic Spain, 409–711 (2005) A History of Medieval Spain (1983) Further reading: K. Carr, P. Diaz and M. Valverde, P. Heather (ed.), P. King, Vandals to Visigoths: Rural Settlement Patterns in Early Medieval Spain (2002) ‘The theoretical strength and practical weakness of the Visigothic monarchy of Toledo’, in Rituals of Power: From Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages, ed. F. Theuws and J. Nelson (2000), pp. 59–93 The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century: An Ethnographic Perspective (1999) Law and Socety in the Visigothic Kingdom (1972) The conquest of Visigothic Spain: R. Collins, R. Fletcher, F. Murphy, N. Roth, The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–97 Moorish Spain (1992) ‘Julian of Toledo and the fall of the Visigothic kingdom of Spain’, Speculum 27 (1952), 1–27 Jews, Visigoths and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict (1994) 17 The Early Middle Ages MEROVINGIAN GAUL AND THE FRANKS Sources: Gregory of Tours, Ten Books of Histories Fredegar, Chronicle Collected sources, Collected sources, trans. L. Thorpe, Gregory of Tours: The History of the Franks (1974) trans. J. Wallace-Hadrill, The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar, with its Continuations (1960) trans. A. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (2000) trans. P. Fouracre and R. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720 (1996) Introductions: P. Geary, E. James, J. Wallace-Hadrill, I. Wood, Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World (1988) The Franks (1988) The Long-Haired Kings and Other Studies in Frankish History The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751 (1993) Further reading: J. Drinkwater and H. Elton (eds.), Y. Hen, E. James, R. Mathisen and D. Shanzer (eds.), I. Wood (ed.), Fifth-Century Gaul: A Crisis of Identity? (1992) Culture and Religion in Merovingian Gaul, AD 481–751 (1995) The Franks (1988) Society and Culture in Late Antique Gaul: Revisiting the Sources (2001) Franks and Alamanni in the Merovingian Period: An Ethnographic Perspective (1998) Clovis: W. Daly, I. Wood, ‘Clovis: how barbaric, how pagan?’, Speculum 69 (1994), 18–39 ‘Gregory of Tours and Clovis’, Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire 63 (1985), 249–72 Gregory of Tours: W. Goffart, M. Heinzelmann, K. Mitchell, The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550-800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (1988) [ch. 3] Gregory of Tours: History and Society in the Sixth Century, trans. C. Carroll (2001) The World of Gregory of Tours (2002) 18 The Early Middle Ages BYZANTIUM IN THE AGE OF JUSTINIAN Sources: Collected sources, Procopius, Secret History ed. and trans. G. Greatrex and D. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars: A Narrative Sourcebook. Part II, AD 363630: A Narrative Sourcebook (2008) [chs. 6–9] trans. G. Williamson and P. Sarris, Procopius: The Secret History (2007) General reading: A. Cameron, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity, AD 395–600 (1993) [ch. 5] A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins and M. Whitby (eds.), P. Heather, W. Treadgold, The Cambridge Ancient History. Volume XIV: Late Antiquity. Empires and Successors, AD 425–600 (2000) [ch. 3] The Restoration of Rome: Barbarians Popes and Imperial Pretenders (2014) [chs. 3–4] A History of the Byzantine State and Society (1997) [ch. 6] Justinian: J. Evans, J. Evans, C. Foss, M.. Maas (ed.), J. Moorhead, The Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power (1996) The Empress Theodora: Partner of Justinian (2002) ‘The Persians in Asia Minor and the end of antiquity’, English Historical Review 90 (1975), pp. 721–47 The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (2005) Justinian (1994) Legal reforms: C. Humfress, M. Maas, Plague and the economy: L. Little (ed.), P. Sarris, P. Sarris, ‘Law and legal practice in the age of Justinian’, in The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. M. Maas (2005), pp. 161–84 ‘Roman history and Christian ideology in Justinian’s reform legislation’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 40 (1986), 17–31 Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541–750 (2007) ‘The Justinianic plague: origins and effects’, Continuity and Change 17 (2002), 169–82 Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian (2006) The Nika riot: G. Greatrex, A. Cameron, Procopius: A. Cameron, A. Kaldellis, W. Treadgold, ‘The Nika riot: a reappraisal’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 117 (1997), 60–86 Circus Factions (1976) [for background] Procopius and the Sixth Century (1985) Procopius of Caesarea: Tyranny, History and Philosophy at the End of Antiquity (2004) The Early Byzantine Historians (2007) [chs. 6–8] 19 The Early Middle Ages THE WORLD OF EARLY ISLAM Sources: The Qur’an, Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah Sebeos, Armenian History trans. N. Dawood, The Koran (1956) [among many other translations] trans. A. Guillaume, The Life of Muhammad (1955) trans. R. Thomson, The Armenian History attributed to Sebeos (1999) General reading: J. Berkey, P. Crone, P. Crone, F. Donner, H. Kennedy, H. Kennedy, C. Robinson (ed.), The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600– 1800 From Arabian Tribes to Islamic Empire: Army, State and Society in the Near East, c. 600–850 (2008) Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity (1980) ‘The background to Islam’, in The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian, ed. M. Maas (2005), pp. 510–33 The Great Arab Conquests: How the Spread of Islam Changed the World We Live In (2007) The Court of the Caliphs: The Rise and Fall of Islam’s Greatest Dynasty (2004) The New Cambridge History of Islam. Volume I: The Formation of the Islamic World, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries (2010) Muhammad and his legacy: M. Cook, F. Donner, H. Kennedy, Muhammad (1983) Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam (2010) The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century (2nd ed., 2004) Source issues: P. Crone, F. Donner, J. Howard-Johnston, R. Hoyland, R. Humphreys, H. Motzi, Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World (1977) Narratives of Islamic Origins: The Beginnings of Islamic Historical Writing (1988) Witnesses to a World Crisis: Historians and Histories of the Middle East in the Seventh Century (2010) Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish, and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam (1997) Islamic History: A Framework for Inquiry (rev. ed., 1991) The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources (2000) 20 The Early Middle Ages CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE Sources: [Scattered in documents from neighbouring regions: make full use of the indices] Lives of Cyril and Methodius, Collected sources, Annals of Fulda, ed. and trans. M. Kantor and R. White, The Vita of Constantine and the Vita of Methodius (1976) M. Maas, Readings in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook (2000) [ch. 14] trans. T. Reuter, The Annals of Fulda, 839–911 (1992) Reading: P. Barford, F. Curta, F. Curta, F. Curta, F. Curta and R. Kovalev (eds.), F. Dvornik, J. Fine Jr., C. Frazee, M. Innes, J. Shepard, I. Supicic (ed.), The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Europe (2001) The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700 (2001) East Central and Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages (2005) Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 (2006) The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans (2008) Byzantine Missions among the Slavs: SS Constantine-Cyril and Methodius (1970) The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century (1983) [chs. 1–4] ‘The Balkans between Rome and Constantinople in the early Middle Ages 600–900’, Balkan Studies 2 (1993), 213–28 ‘Franks and Slavs c. 700–c. 1000: the problem of European expansion before the millennium’, Early Medieval Europe 6 (1997), 201–16 ‘Slavs and Bulgars’, in The New Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700–c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 228–49 Croatia in the Early Middle Ages: A Cultural Survey (1999) 21 The Early Middle Ages BYZANTIUM IN THE SEVENTH, EIGHTH AND NINTH CENTURIES Sources: Theophanes, Chronicle, Nikephoros, Letters Collected sources, Collected sources, trans. C. Mango and R. Scott, The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor (1997) ed. and trans. Nikephoros, Patriarch of Constantinople: Letters (1985) trans. D. Sahas, Icon and Logos: Sources in Eighth-Century Iconoclasm (1986) ed. and trans. C. Mango, The Art of the Byzantine Empire, 312–1453: Sources and Documents (1972) [chs. 4–6] Introductions: M. Angold, J. Haldon, C. Mango, C. Mango (ed.), J. Shepard (ed.), W. Treadgold, M. Whittow, Byzantium: The Bridge from Antiquity to the Middle Ages (2001) Byzantium in the Seventh Century (rev. ed., 1997) Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome (1980) The Oxford History of Byzantium (2002) The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire (2008) A Concise History of Byzantium (2001) The Making of Orthodox Byzantium (1997) Byzantium and its neighbours: H. Chadwick, J. Howard-Johnston (ed.), J. Shepard and S. Franklin (eds.), East and West: The History of a Schism in the Church Byzantium and the West (1988) Byzantine Diplomacy (1992) Iconoclasm: M.-F. Auzépy, P. Brown, L. Brubaker and J. Haldon, ‘State of emergency (700–850)’, in The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire, c. 500–1492, ed. J. Shepard (2009), pp. 249–91 ‘A Dark Age crisis: aspects of the Iconoclastic controversy’, English Historical Review 88 (1973), 1–34; rptd in P. Brown, Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity (1982), pp. 251–301 Byzantium in the Iconoclast Era, c. 680–850: A History (2011) Further issues: T. Brown, L. Brubaker (ed.), G. Dagron, J. Haldon, J. Hussey, A. Laiou and C. Morrisson, P. Magdalino (ed.), C. Mango, Gentlemen and Officers (1984) Byzantium in the Ninth Century: Dead or Alive? (1998) Emperor and Priest: The Imperial Office in Byzantium, trans. J. Birrell (2003) Warfare, State and Society in the Byzantine World, 565–1204 (1999) The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire (1986) The Byzantine Economy (2007) New Constantines: The Rhythm of Imperial Renewal in Byzantium, 4th–13th Centuries (1994) Constantinople and its Hinterland (1995) 22 The Early Middle Ages THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE Sources: Einhard, Life of Charlemagne, trans. D. Ganz, Two Lives of Charlemagne (2008) [among other Collected sources, trans. B. Scholz, Carolingian Chronicles: Royal Frankish Annals and Nithard’s Histories (1970) trans. P. Dutton, Carolingian Civilization: A Reader (1994) available translations] Collected sources, Introductions: M. Costambeys, M. Innes and S. MacLean, R. McKitterick (ed.), R. McKitterick, J. Nelson, The Carolingian World (2011) The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700–c. 900 (1995) The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, 751–987 (1983) The Frankish World, 750–900 (1996) The emergence of the Carolingians: P. Fouracre, R. Gerberding, R. McKitterick, The Age of Charles Martel (1999) The Rise of the Carolingians and the Liber Historiae Francorum (1987) ‘The illusion of royal power in the Carolingian annals’, English Historical Review 115 (2000), 1–20 Expansion and warfare: P. Godman and R. Collins (eds.), G. Halsall, Charlemagne’s Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (814–840) (1990) [chapters by Noble and Reuter] Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West, 450–900 (2003) T. Reuter, ‘Plunder and tribute in the Carolingian empire’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 35 (1985), 391–405 [esp. ch. 4] Charlemagne: S. Airlie, R. McKitterick, J. Nelson, J. Story (ed.), ‘Narratives of triumph and rituals of submission: Charlemagne’s mastering of Bavaria’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 9 (1997), 93–119 Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity (2008) ‘Women at the court of Charlemagne: a case of monstrous regiment?’, in Medieval Queenship, ed. J. Parsons (1993); rptd in J. Nelson, The Frankish World (1996), pp. 223–42 Charlemagne: Empire and Society (2005) Louis the Pious: P. Godman and R. Collins (eds.), M. Innes, M. de Jong, Charlemagne’s Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious (814–840) (1990) [chapters by Noble and Reuter] ‘Charlemagne’s will: piety, politics and the imperial succession’, English Historical Review 112 (1997), 833–55 The Penitential State: Authority and Atonement in the Age of Louis the Pious, 814–840 (2009) 23 The Early Middle Ages The later Carolingians: E. Goldberg, S. MacLean, S. MacLean, J. Nelson, T. Reuter, C. West, Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817–876 (2006) Kingship and Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the End of the Carolingian Empire (2003) ‘Charles the Fat and the Viking Great Army: the military explanation for the end of the Carolingian empire’, War Studies Journal 3 (1998), 74–95 Charles the Bald (1992) Germany in the Early Middle Ages (1991) Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Politics and Social Transformation between Marne and Moselle, c. 800–c. 1100 (2013) Kingship, government and law: F. Ganshof, M. Innes, The Carolingians and the Frankish Monarchy (1972) State and Society in the Early Middle Ages (1999) [esp. pp. 118–28 and 172–241] R. McKitterick, J. Nelson, J. Nelson, The Carolingians and the Written Word (1989) [chs. 2 and 6] ‘Kingship and empire’, in Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation, ed. R. McKitterick (1993), pp. 52–87 ‘Literacy in Carolingian government’, in The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe (1990), pp. 258–96; rptd in J. Nelson, The Frankish World, 750–900 (1996), pp. 1–36 The ‘Carolingian renaissance’: P. Brown, J. Contreni, J. Contreni, R. McKitterick, R. McKitterick, R. McKitterick (ed.), J. Nelson, The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, AD 200– 1000 (2nd ed., 2003) [ch. 19] ‘The Carolingian renaissance: education and literary culture’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700–c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 709–57 Carolingian Learning, Masters and Manuscripts (1992) ‘The Carolingian renaissance of culture and learning’, in Charlemagne: Empire and Society, ed. J. Story (2005), pp. 151–66 ‘Royal patronage of culture in the Frankish kingdoms under the Carolingians: motives and consequences’, Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto Medioevo 39 (1992), pp. 93–135 Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation (1993) ‘On the limits of the Carolingian renaissance’, in Renaissance and Renewal in Christian History, ed. D. Baker (1977), pp. 51–69; rptd in J. Nelson, Politics and Ritual in Early Medieval Europe (1986), pp. 49–67 Church and reform: M. de Jong, M. de Jong, R. McKitterick, ‘Charlemagne’s church’, in Charlemagne: Empire and Society, ed. J. Story (2005), pp. 103–35 ‘Monasticism and the power of prayer’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700–c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 622–53 The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms, 789–895 (1977) 24 The Early Middle Ages THE VIKINGS Sources: Collected sources, Annals of St-Bertin Annals of Fulda trans. A. Somerville and R. McDonald, The Viking Age: A Reader (2010) trans. J. Nelson, The Annals of St-Bertin (1991) trans. T. Reuter, The Annals of Fulda (1992) Introductions: S. Brink (ed.), S. Coupland, J. Haywood, K. Helle (ed.), P. Sawyer (ed.), The Viking World (2009) ‘The Vikings in Francia and Anglo-Saxon Englaand to 911’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700– c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 190–201 The Penguin Historical Atlas of the Vikings (1995) The Cambridge History of Scandinavia. Volume I: Prehistory to 1520 (2003) [Part II] The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings (1997) Raiding and reaction: S. Coupland, S. Coupland, S. Coupland, G. Halsall, N. Lund, P. Sawyer, J. Wallace-Hadrill, ‘The rod of God’s wrath or the people of God’s wrath? The Carolingian theology of the Viking invasions’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 42 (1991), 535–54 ‘From poachers to gamekeepers: Scandinavian warlords and Carolingian kings’, Early Medieval Europe 7 (1998), 85–114 ‘The Frankish tribute payments to the Vikings and their consequences’, Francia 26 (1999), 57–75 ‘Playing by whose rules? A further look at Viking atrocity in the ninth century’, Medieval History 2 (1992), 3–12 ‘Allies of God or man? The Viking expansion in European perspective’, Viator 20 (1989), 45–59 Kings and Vikings (1982) ‘The Vikings in Francia’, in his Early Medieval History (1976), pp. 217–36 25 The Early Middle Ages EARLY MEDIEVAL KINGSHIP J. Burns (ed.), D. Canndine and S. Price (eds.), A. Duggan, M. McCormick, J. Nelson, J. Nelson, P. Sawyer and I. Wood (eds.), W. Ullmann, J. Wallace-Hadrill, The Cambridge History of Medieval Political Thought (1988) Rituals and Royal: Power and Ceremonial in Traditional Societies (1987) Kings and Kingship in Medieval Europe (1993) Eternal Victory: Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity, Byzantium and the Early Medieval West (1986) ‘Kingship and empire’, in Carolingian Culture: Emulation and Innovation, ed. R. McKitterick (1994), pp. 52–87 ‘Kingship and royal government’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700–c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 383–430 Early Medieval Kingship (1977) The Carolingian Renaissance and the Idea of Kingship (1971) Early Germanic Kingship in England and on the Continent (1971) EARLY MEDIEVAL QUEENSHIP A. Duggan, T. Earenfight, L. Garland, K. Holum, L. James, S. MacLean, J. Nelson, Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe (1996) Queenship in Medieval Europe (2013) Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527 to 1204 (1999) Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Dominion in Late Antiquity (1982) Empresses and Power in Early Byzantium (2001) ‘Queenship, nunneries and royal widowhood in Carolingian Europe’, Past and Present 178 (2003), 3–38 ‘Queens as Jezebels: the careers of Brunhild and Balthild in Merovingian history’, in Medieval Women, ed. D. Baker (1978), pp. 31–77 26 The Early Middle Ages LAW AND LEGISLATION W. Davies and P. Fouracre (eds.), W. Davies and P. Fouracre (eds.), J. Harries, J. Harries and I. Wood (eds.), R. McKitterick, R. McKitterick, L. Oliver, A. Rio, A. Rio (ed.), P. Wormald, The Settlement of Disputes in Early Medieval Europe (1986) Property and Power in the Early Middle Ages (1995) Law and Empire in Late Antiquity (1999) The Theodosian Code (1993) The Carolingians and the Written Word (1989) [ch. 2] The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe (1990) The Body Legal in Barbarian Law (2011) Legal Practice and the Written Word in the Middle Ages: Frankish Formulae, c. 500–1000 (2009) Law, Custom and Justice in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (2011) Legal Culture in the Early Medieval West (1999) 27 The Early Middle Ages TOWNS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT G. Brogiolo and B. WardPerkins, N. Christie and S. Loseby (eds.), G. Brogiolo, N. Gauthier and N. Christie, P. Grierson and M. Blackburn (eds.), H. Haamerow, R. Hodges, R. Hodges and B. Hobley (eds.), C. Loveluck, M. McCormick, T. Pestell and K. Ulmschneider, J. Rich (ed.), P. Sarris and J. Banaji (eds.), A. Verhulst, A. Verhulst, A. Verhulst, C. Wickham, C. Wickham, The Idea and Ideal of the Town between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (1999) Towns in Transition: Urban Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (1996) Towns and their Territories between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (2000) Medieval European Coinage 1: The Early Middle Ages (5th–10th Centuries (1986) Early Medieval Settlements: The Archaeology of Rural Communities in North-West Europe, 400–900 (2003) Dark Age Economics: The Origins of Towns and Trade AD 600–1000 (2nd ed., 1989) The Rebirth of Towns in the West (1988) Northwest Europe in the Early Middle Ages, c. AD 600–1150: A Comparative Archaeology (2013) The Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce, AD 300–900 (1999) Markets in Early Medieval Europe (2003) The City in Late Antiquity (1992) ‘Aristocrats, Peasants and the Transformation of Rural Society, c. 400–800’: special issue of Journal of Agrarian Change 9 (2009) ‘Economic organisation’, in The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume II: c. 700–c. 900, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 481–509 The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe (1999) The Carolingian Economy (2002) ‘The other transition: from the ancient world to feudalism’, Past and Present 103 (1984), 3–36 Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800 (Oxford, 2005) 28 The Early Middle Ages MEN AND WOMEN IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Sources: Collected sources, Collected sources, trans. M. Thiébaux, The Writings of Mediaeval Women (1987) trans. M. Maas, Readings in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook (2000) Dhuoda, Liber manualis, trans. C. Neel, Dhuoda: Handbook for William. A Carolingian Woman’s Counsel for her Son (1991) [chs. 7 and 8] Reading: D. Baker (ed.), L. Bitel, J. Boswell, L. Brubaker and J. Smith, S. Cavallo and L. Warner (eds.), D. Hadley (ed.), J. Goody, J. Smith, P. Stafford and A. MulderBakker (eds.), S. Wemple and J. Kirschner (eds.), Medieval Women (1978) Women in Early Medieval Europe, 400–1000 (2002) Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality in the Early Middle Ages (1980) Gender in the Early Medieval World: East and West, 300–900 (2004) Widowhood in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (1999) [articles by Crick and Skinner] Masculinity in Medieval Europe (1999) The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe (1983) ‘Men and women’, in Europe after Rome: A New Cultural History of Europe, 500–1000 (2005), pp. 115–47 Gendering the Middle Ages (2000) Women in the Mediaeval World (1987) 29 The Early Middle Ages THE CHURCH General: P. Brown, J. Herrin, R. Markus, The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, AD 200– 1000 (2nd ed., 2003) The Formation of Christendom (1987) The End of Ancient Christianity (1990) Rome and the papacy: Liber pontificalis, trans. R. Davis, The Book of the Pontiffs (Liber pontificalis): The Ancient Biographies of the First Ninety Popes to AD 715 (2010); The Lives of the Eighth-Century Popes (Liber pontificalis): The Ancient Biographies of Nine Popes from AD 715 to 817 (1992); The Lives of the Ninth-Century Popes (Liber pontificalis): The Ancient Biographies of Ten Popes from AD 817–891 (1995) C. Bolgia, R. McKitterick and Rome across Time and Space, c. 500–c. 1400: Cultural Transmission J. Osborne (eds.), and the Exchange of Ideas (2011) K. Cooper and J. Hillner (eds.), Religion, Dynasty and Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300–900 (2007) R. Krautheimer, Rome: Profile of a City, 312–1308 (1982) C. La Rocca (ed.), Italy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–1000 (2002) [ch. 5] R. Markus, Gregory the Great and his World (1997) R. McKitterick et al (eds.), Old St Peter’s, Rome (2013) T. Noble, The Republic of St Peter: The Birth of the Papal State (1984) J. Richards, The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476–752 (1979) J. Smith (ed.), Early Medieval Rome and the Christian West (2000) Missionary activity: M. Carver, J.-H. Clay, F. Dvornik, R. Fletcher, J. Palmer, I. Wood, The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300–1300 (2003) In the Shadow of Death: Saint Boniface and the Conversion of Hessia, 721–54 (2010) Byzantine Missions among the Slavs: SS Constantine-Cyril and Methodius (1970) The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity, 371– 1386 (1997) Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World, 690–900 (2009) The Missionary Life: Saints and the Evangelisation of Europe, 400– 1050 (2001) The cult of saints: R. Bartlett, P. Brown, M. Dal Santo, P. Fouracre, J. Howard-Johnston and P. Hayward (eds.), Why Can the Dead do Such Great Things? Saints and Worshippers from the Martyrs to the Reformation (2013) The Cult of the Saints (1981) Debating the Saints’ Cult in the Age of Gregory the Great (2012) ‘Merovingian history and Merovingian hagiography’, Past and Present 127 (1990), 3–38 The Cult of Saints in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages (1999) 30