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Transcript
Part One. Parts of the Sentence.
Identify the function of the underlined portion in sentences 1-26.
1.
Making new friends is a very important aspect of being a Scranton Prep student, whether the individual is a
freshman or a senior.
A. infinitive phrase
B. gerund phrase
C. adverbial phrase
D. appositive phrase
2.
Once friendships are established, students enjoy meeting their friends not only before and after school but also
during their favorite period of the day, lunch time.
A.
adjectival phrase
B. parenthetical expression
C. adverbial clause
D. adverbial phrase
3.
For Frances Doty, a Prep sophomore, and her fellow classmates, their fifth-period lunch provides them a
wonderful opportunity to discuss classes, teachers, homework assignments, and any other topic that might be
interesting to them.
A. direct object
B. indirect object
C. predicate nominative
D. predicate adjective
4.
Just last week, for instance, Paul Marshall, looking eagerly at his plate of sushi, mentioned that he had become
fascinated with the remarkable scientists and inventors who had made significant contributions to modern
medicine, technology, and industry.
A. adjectival clause
B. adverbial clause
C. nonessential clause
D. appositive phrase
5.
After Paul had sampled his California roll, he asked, “Who, do you think, were among the principal scientists
and inventors?”
A. predicate nominative
B. indirect object
C. direct object
D. predicate adjective
6.
John Nicholson responded almost immediately, “Oh, of course, Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, and the Wright
brothers are the first ones who come to my mind as innovative American leaders in industry.”
A. noun phrase
B. essential clause
C. nonessential clause
D. parenthetical expression
7.
“Yes, John, you are absolutely right,” agreed Mary MacLean. “But I think we could go back to the midnineteenth century and certainly include Samuel Morse, Guglielmo Marconi, and Alexander Graham Bell,
whose interest in electricity advanced communication. I guess you could call them ‘the founding fathers’ of
modern technology.”
A. predicate adjective
B. predicate nominative
C. indirect object
D. direct object
1
8.
Nodding vigorously with approval, Ellen Lesesne added enthusiastically, “Don’t forget the scientific
discoveries of Marie Curie, Louis Pasteur, Alexander Fleming, and Jonas Salk. These four superior minds
certainly contributed to scientific advancements in modern health.”
A. appositive phrase
B. gerund phrase
C. present participial phrase
D. adverbial phrase
9.
As a result of Ellen’s comment, Mary’s impending discussion was temporarily sidetracked. Doug Carlisle
carefully noted that Louis Pasteur, a nineteenth-century French chemist and microbiologist, had made some of
the most varied and most valuable contributions in history to science and industry.
A. adjectival clause
B. appositive phrase
C. noun clause
D. adverbial phrase
10. “I remember Mrs. Coleman explained in biology class that Pasteur’s revolutionary process of pasteurization
destroyed harmful germs by heat. Pasteurization preserved, for example, such commodities as vinegar, wine,
and milk; as a result, these very perishable items could be transported without spoiling,” Doug reminded his
classmates as he looked appreciatively at his milk carton packaged in Baltimore, Maryland, and took a last
refreshing sip.
A. noun clause
B. adjectival phrase
C. adjectival clause
D. adverbial phrase
11. Always the philosopher, Jim Timmons acknowledged, “Pasteur believed a relationship should exist between
scientific theory and practical application of the theory. For Pasteur, whatever he explored or studied in the
laboratory should prove helpful to industry.”
A. noun clause
B. adverbial clause
C. adjectival clause
D. parenthetical expression
12. “Later, Pasteur developed a vaccine against anthrax, a virulent animal disease, but his most dazzling triumph
was his success in preventing and treating rabies,” Lily Bradley readily pointed out.
A. object of the preposition
B. direct object
C. predicate adjective
D. predicate nominative
13. Amazed with Pasteur’s brilliant discoveries, Malie Bruton observed quite correctly, “Clearly, Pasteur freed
scientific research from being conducted exclusively in the closed environment of the laboratory. As I have
read, he investigated diseases in their natural environments and was able to find a complete solution to a
particular problem by identifying not only the source of the disease but also discovering the solution.”
A. adverbial clause
B. past participial phrase
C. noun phrase
D. adverbial phrase
14. After Ellen Simpson had congratulated her friends for their in-depth knowledge of Louis Pasteur, she suggested
that they get the discussion back on track to Mary’s subject, the pioneers in modern communication.
A. subject
B. parenthetical expression
C. adjectival clause
D. adverbial clause
2
15. Mary, who had recently given a PowerPoint presentation on the contributions of Morse, Marconi, and Bell, was
all too pleased to review the accomplishments of these three famous individuals.
A. infinitive phrase
B. prepositional phrase
C. appositive phrase
D. past participial phrase
16. Just then, the bell rang signaling the end of fifth period, and the friends hurriedly cleared their lunch table and
scurried to their sixth-period class. “I will be more than happy to give a short summary of Morse, Marconi, and
Bell tomorrow at lunch. In fact, it will be a good review for our mid-term examination coming up next month
in January,” Mary volunteered as they bounded up the staircase.
A. noun clause
B. appositive phrase
C. adjectival phrase
D. adverbial phrase
17. “Well,” Mary greeted her friends the next day at lunch, “are you ready for my electrifying presentation? No
pun intended, of course! I will try to be concise, but as you all know, sometimes I get a little too excited about
the subjects of my reports.” Before starting, Mary took several bites of her slice of chicken wing pizza.
A. predicate adjective
B. predicate nominative
C. indirect object
D. direct object
18. After praising her favorite kind of pizza, Mary took a deep breath and explained, “When Samuel Morse, who is
ranked as one of the finest American portrait painters, was a student at Yale, he was primarily interested in the
lectures on the new but little understood topic of electricity and little else.”
A. essential clause
B. nonessential clause
C. noun clause
D. adverbial clause
19. “In 1832, on Morse’s return voyage from studying art in Europe, Morse was inspired by a conversation about
the newly discovered electromagnet, and soon he developed the idea of the electric telegraph,” said the giggling
Mary as she finished her last morsel of pizza. Then she added, “Is everyone with me on that?”
A. subject
B. predicate nominative
C. object of the preposition
D. indirect object
20. “Wait, Mary!” exclaimed Jim. “I think all of us are familiar with the telegraph from westerns. But, speaking
for most of us, I had no idea Morse was such an outstanding artist!”
A. gerund phrase
B. adjectival clause
C. subject
D. present participial phrase
21. “That he was,” replied Mary, who was determined to keep to the scientific aspect of Bell’s life. “Morse also
invented the Morse Code, that famous system of dots and dashes for the different letters of the alphabet. This
code is still used today.”
A. adjectival clause
B. past participial phrase
C. appositive phrase
D. noun clause
3
22. “Mary, what was the next great invention involving electricity?” asked Paul. “Was it the light bulb developed
by the genius of Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison?”
A. direct object
B. object of the preposition
C. indirect object
D. predicate nominative
23. “No, Paul, it was Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone in 1876. The light bulb came about five
years later in 1881. Can you believe that Bell invented the telephone before he was thirty!” exclaimed Chuck
MacMaster.
A. subject
B. predicate nominative
C. direct object
D. object of the preposition
24. “Yes, I know that was a terrific accomplishment for someone so young,” commented Mary. “The Bells were
considered the leading authorities in elocution or the art of speaking correctly.”
A. noun phrase
B. appositive phrase
C. noun clause
D. adjectival clause
25. “I think we all remember reading the play The Miracle Worker last year in English. Bell figured in helping
Helen Keller, a girl who was deaf, mute, and blind, to speak,” Caroline Morris added as a general note of
interest.
A. present participial phrase
B. past participial phrase
C. adverbial phrase
D. gerund phrase
26. “Did you know,” asked Mary, “that later in Bell’s life he succeeded his father-in-law as the president of the
National Geographic Society?”
A. present participial phrase
B. adverbial phrase
C. adjectival phrase
D. noun phrase
Identify the type of subject and predicate in sentences 27-31.
27. Bell believed that geography could be taught through photographs and hoped that people could thereby gain an
understanding of distant and different cultures.
A. simple subject, simple predicate
B. simple subject, compound predicate
C. compound subject, compound predicate
D. compound subject, simple predicate
28. In time, Bell entrusted his publication to his son-in-law, Gilbert Grosvenor, who turned the pamphlet into the
very prestigious magazine the National Geographic.
A. simple subject, simple predicate
B. simple subject, compound predicate
C. compound subject, compound predicate
D. compound subject, simple predicate
4
29. Both Jim and Caroline agreed that each issue presented interesting and amazing articles and photographs of
sights from around the world and outer space and said that their families had subscribed to this excellent journal
for years.
A. simple subject, simple predicate
B. simple subject, compound predicate
C. compound subject, compound predicate
D. compound subject, simple predicate
30. Malie and Doug especially praised the National Geographic for being a wonderful source of information for
school projects in so many disciplines.
A. simple subject, simple predicate
B. simple subject, compound predicate
C. compound subject, compound predicate
D. compound subject, simple predicate
31. During his lifetime, Bell was granted eighteen patents in his own name and shared fourteen patents with
collaborators.
A. simple subject, simple predicate
B. simple subject, compound predicate
C. compound subject, compound predicate
D. compound subject, simple predicate
Part Two. Sentences: Structure and Purpose.
Identify the structure of sentences 32-37.
32. The final scientist whom Mary included was Guglielmo Marconi, the Italian physicist who invented the wireless
telegraph in 1896.
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. compound-complex
33. Marconi began experimenting with electricity on his father’s estate in 1894 outside of Bologna, Italy, but went
to England two years later to continue his scientific work.
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. compound-complex
34. In 1901, Marconi proved to many skeptical and renowned mathematicians that the curvature of the earth would
not hinder communication by electric waves, and his successful experiment of transmitting electric signals from
England to Newfoundland created a great worldwide sensation.
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. compound-complex
35. Marconi’s success began the tremendous development of radio communication in the fields of broadcasting and
navigation, and in 1909, he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with the German scientist Ferdinand Braun.
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. compound-complex
5
36. In 1918, Marconi sent the first radio message from England to Australia and later was instrumental in the
development of shortwave radio, the invention that is the basis of most modern long-distance radio
communication.
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. compound-complex
37. Perhaps the most iconic figure and the most famous name in the history of electricity is that of Thomas Edison,
sometimes called “the Wizard of Menlo Park.”
A. simple
B. compound
C. complex
D. compound-complex
Identify the purpose of sentences 38-41.
38. Isn’t it amazing that Edison conducted over 2000 experiments before he succeeded in producing the
incandescent light bulb in 1881?
A. exclamatory
B. interrogative
C. declarative
D. imperative
39. Imagine the excitement of Edison and his associates when they finally saw the first successful glow.
A. exclamatory
B. interrogative
C. declarative
D. imperative
40. What extraordinary perseverance these scientists had to continue their experiments in spite of so many setbacks
and disappointments!
A. exclamatory
B. interrogative
C. declarative
D. imperative
41. Lewis Latimer, a creative member of Edison’s team, not only improved Edison’s light bulb by making the
electrified filament from carbon, not from paper as Edison had used, but also developed the threaded socket at
the base of the light bulb.
A. exclamatory
B. interrogative
C. declarative
D. imperative
Part Three. Parts of Speech.
Identify the verb tense in the underlined portion of sentences 42-49.
42. When Frances and her friends went to their second-period American history class the next day, Mrs. Bishop,
their teacher, greeted them. “I hear,” she said with a large smile, “that you have had very informative
discussions during your recent lunch periods.”
A. future perfect
B. past
C. present perfect
D. past perfect
6
43. She continued, “I was very proud when I learned that you had selected such an impressive array of inventors
and scientists. Would you like to continue by sharing your knowledge with the rest of the class? I know they
would enjoy learning about these leading individuals.”
A. present
B. past
C. present perfect
D. past perfect
44. Enthusiastically accepting for the lunch group, Chuck said, “Mrs. Bishop, I am sure we shall continue our topic
for the next couple of days. We will be very happy to organize our discussions in PowerPoint presentations to
the class.”
A. present
B. future
C. past
D. past perfect
45. “And,” interjected Jim, “by the time we have finished our presentation, we shall have included at least six
additional inventors.”
A. future
B. present
C. present perfect
D. future perfect
46. “How can we forget the innovations of Henry Ford and Orville and Wilbur Wright or the great scientific
discoveries of Marie Curie, Alexander Fleming, and Jonas Salk?” added Lily.
A. present
B. past
C. present perfect
D. past perfect
47. “Well, class,” Mrs. Bishop said, “I know Scranton Prep’s biology and chemistry teachers, Mrs. Epps and Mrs.
Coleman, will be glad to hear the names of these last three scientists. Their discoveries have been truly
monumental for our modern world.”
A. present perfect
B. present
C. future
D. past
48. That afternoon before their track team practice, the friends met and discussed who would present these six
inventors and scientists.
A. future perfect
B. past
C. present
D. future
49. After a lively and friendly conversation, the matter was settled. Jim said, “I will present Henry Ford; and Ellen,
will you, Frances, Paul, and Chuck discuss the Wright brothers, Curie, Fleming, and Salk respectively? Is this
division of research satisfactory for everyone?”
A. past perfect
B. past
C. future
D. present
7
In sentences 50-69, identify the part of speech of the underlined word as it is used in the sentence.
50. The following day, Jim began his presentation of Henry Ford to the class. In his opening remarks, Jim said,
“We all need to consider where we would be without the inventions of Henry Ford and the Wright brothers,
Orville and Wilbur.”
A. conjunction
B. preposition
C. adjective
D. adverb
51. “Let me give you a brief overview of Ford’s contributions to the modern world, which most of us take for
granted!” Jim continued.
A. noun
B. adjective
C. pronoun
D. preposition
52. Jim then told the class that Ford was an industrialist whose factory production methods were revolutionary to
industry.
A. adjective
B. adverb
C. noun
D. conjunction
53. In time, as Jim related, Ford was praised for his technological genius and celebrated as a true American folk
hero.
A. adverb
B. adjective
C. verb
D. noun
54. Born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, Ford attended school for eight years, and at the age of sixteen, he
began working in a machine shop in Detroit.
A. adverb
B. conjunction
C. preposition
D. adjective
55. Three years later, when Ford returned to his farm home, he worked part-time for the Westinghouse Engine
Company.
A. verb
B. adverb
C. conjunction
D. adjective
56. After work, the ingenious young mechanic began tinkering in a small machine shop he had set up in a shed on
the family farm.
A. noun
B. adverb
C. verb
D. adjective
8
57. Approximately four years later in 1896, Ford had built his first “car.” As an interesting note, Jim told the class
that “car” was the shortened form of the word “carriage.” This invention had a two-cylinder engine, one seat,
and an electric bell for a horn.
A. pronoun
B. noun
C. adverb
D. adjective
58. Ford soon organized the Detroit Automobile Company in 1899 to assemble cars made to order.
A. verb
B. adverb
C. preposition
D. adjective
59. Four years later, the Detroit Automobile Company became the Ford Motor Company, and with this change,
Ford instituted a new approach in assembling cars.
A. adverb
B. noun
C. verb
D. adjective
60. Jim explained, “Ford was very advanced in his thinking and tried to make every part of his cars. To do so, he
bought forests, mills, and iron and coal mines.”
A. adjective
B. adverb
C. noun
D. pronoun
61. “Ford also built shipping and railroad lines and much later established an airline service to transport his
products,” Jim continued.
A. preposition
B. conjunction
C. noun
D. pronoun
62. In 1908, Ford introduced the Model T that Ford said was built for “the great multitude.”
A. verb
B. conjunction
C. pronoun
D. preposition
63. The Ford Motor Company produced the Model T for nineteen years; during this time, Ford sold over 15 million
in the United States, a million in Canada, and 250,000 in Great Britain.
A. adjective
B. noun
C. preposition
D. adverb
64. The Model T greatly changed the lives of ordinary citizens in two decades; now people could travel and live
wherever they wished. Distance from work or play was no longer a major consideration in people’s lives.
A. noun
B. pronoun
C. adverb
D. adjective
9
65. As a result of the advent of the automobile, cities grew, and suburbs and housing developments were created.
In addition, farms were no longer dependent on horses, and the acres devoted to hay were now available for
other crops.
A. verb
B. preposition
C. conjunction
D. adjective
66. In his conclusion, Jim stated, “Although Henry Ford is best remembered as a pioneer in the automotive
industry, he was also a philanthropist, who established an eight-hour work day, as well as a five-day work week,
for his employees and created the Ford Foundation, one of the world’s biggest trusts.”
A. noun
B. preposition
C. conjunction
D. adverb
67. Very pleased with Jim’s factual and concise report, Mrs. Bishop said, “Jim, thank you for your fine
presentation.” Then turning to the class, she asked, “Are you ready for Ellen’s report on the Wright brothers?”
A. noun
B. adjective
C. preposition
D. verb
68. With her eye on the clock, Ellen quickly walked to the front of the classroom and observed, “Just as Ford was a
pioneer in the development of the automobile, Orville and Wilbur Wright were pioneers in aviation and crafted
the first flying machine.”
A. noun
B. adjective
C. adverb
D. verb
69. “Uh oh! There’s the bell for third period. Well, I’ll just have to tell you about the Wright brothers tomorrow!
So stay tuned!” Ellen gasped as her classmates hurried into the crowded hall on their way to Mrs. Ondush’s
Latin class.
A. noun
B. adjective
C. pronoun
D. adverb
Select the correct statement or statements in sentences 70-75.
70. 1.
2.
3.
4.
The words before, in, and after may function not only as prepositions but also as subordinating
conjunctions.
A subordinating conjunction introduces an adverbial clause.
A subordinating conjunction changes a dependent clause to an independent clause.
A subordinating conjunction changes an independent clause to a dependent clause.
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
10
71. 1.
2.
3.
4.
72. 1.
2.
3.
4.
A comma is the proper punctuation mark to separate an introductory present or past participial phrase from
the main clause.
A semicolon is often used to separate introductory phrases and clauses from the main clause.
The two basic components or parts of a complete sentence are the subject that may be understood or
implied and the predicate.
Whenever, whoever, and that are three words that may introduce a noun clause.
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 1, 3, and 4
The nominative case pronoun may be used for an indirect object, a direct object, and the object of the
preposition.
Three examples of common nouns are boy, school, and iPod.
This, that, these, and those are demonstrative adjectives.
And, but, and therefore are three examples of correlative conjunctions.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 2 and 4
73. 1.
2.
3.
4.
All proper nouns are capitalized.
Sometimes, always, many, and never are four examples of adverbs.
An adverb answers the questions who, what, when, where, or why.
Three examples of action verbs are to have, to buy, and to glow.
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 1 and 4
D. 2 and 3
74. 1.
2.
3.
4.
The predicate adjective and the predicate nominative follow linking verbs.
An appositive phrase functions as an adjective phrase that modifies a noun.
An appositive phrase may come immediately before or after the noun it modifies.
The direct object and the predicate nominative must either be nouns or nominative case pronouns.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 2, 3, and 4
75. 1.
2.
A gerund phrase includes the ing form of the verb and its object and modifiers used as a noun.
Because of its length, a gerund phrase is frequently separated from the rest of the sentence with a dash,
comma, or semicolon.
A semicolon is frequently used to separate two complete sentences.
The antecedent of a pronoun is the noun to which it refers.
A. 2 and 3
B. 3 and 4
C. 1, 2, and 3
D. 1, 3, and 4
3.
4.
11
Part Four. Correct Usage.
Identify the sentence structure fault in 76-81.
76. After Mrs. Bishop had taken attendance, Ellen began her PowerPoint presentation of the Wright brothers with
this interesting piece of their biography. Although Orville and Wilbur Wright completed high school; they
never graduated formally.
A. fragment
B. run-on sentence
C. misplaced modifier
D. lack of parallel construction
77. Their father inspired them to have deep confidence in their own talents, to persevere even if disappointment or
failure seemed inevitable, and always relying on their own good judgment.
A. fragment
B. run-on sentence
C. misplaced modifier
D. lack of parallel construction
78. When these qualities combined with their extraordinary mechanical skills. What success the brothers had as
inventors!
A. fragment
B. run-on sentence
C. misplaced modifier
D. lack of parallel construction
79. Opening a bicycle shop, their skill in the repair and manufacture of bicycles helped them to design and
construct their first flying machine.
A. fragment
B. run-on sentence
C. misplaced modifier
D. lack of parallel construction
80. Reading about the experiments of Otto Lilienenthal in Germany had stimulated the brothers’ interest in flight,
this curiosity led them to build their first machine, a glider, in 1899.
A. fragment
B. run-on sentence
C. misplaced modifier
D. lack of parallel construction
81. Being a glider, the Wrights began experimenting at Kitty Hawk, on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, in 1900
before they attempted their first powered flight on this now historic beach on December 17, 1903.
A. fragment
B. run-on sentence
C. misplaced modifier
D. lack of parallel construction
12
Identify the correct sentence or sentences in 82-90.
82. 1.
2.
3.
4.
83. 1.
2.
3.
4.
84. 1.
2.
3.
4.
85. 1.
2.
3.
4.
There first flight on December 17 covered a distance of 120 feet. The fourth and final flight that day
measured a distance much further, traveling over 852 feet.
There first flight on December 17 covered a distance of 120 feet. The fourth and final flight that day
measured a distance much farther, traveling over 852 feet.
The brothers selected Kitty Hawk because of it’s high wind, tall sand dunes from which to launch the craft,
and the soft sands for landing.
The brothers selected Kitty Hawk because of its high wind, tall sand dunes from which to launch the craft,
and the soft sands for landing.
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 4
After Ellen’s interesting presentation, Frances smiled anxiously at her classmates knowing they would find
her sketch of Marie Curie, the Polish physicist, who is world-famous for her work in the field of
radioactivity, extraordinarily interesting and informative.
After Ellen’s interesting presentation, Frances smiled eagerly at her classmates knowing they would find
her sketch of Marie Curie, the Polish physicist, who is world-famous for her work in the field of
radioactivity, extraordinarily interesting and informative.
“As we learned in science class,” Frances began enthusiastically, “Madame Curie, as she was universally
known, was born in Warsaw, Poland, which at the time of her birth in 1863 was part of the Russian Empire.
Moving to Paris when she was twenty-one, her scientific work was with her husband Pierre Curie and
Henri Becquerel.
In 1903, she shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with these two scientists for the discovery of radioactivity.
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
The Curies are infamous for their partnership that led to their discovery of polonium and shortly thereafter
of radium.
The Curies are famous for their partnership that led to their discovery of polonium and shortly thereafter of
radium.
Emily Fraser very curiously asked, “What exactly is polonium? It’s rather a strange name.”
“You’re right!” agreed Frances. “Let me give you the official connotation of polonium. Very simply,
polonium is ‘a radioactive chemical element formed by the disintegration of radium.’ Madame Curie
named this element in honor of her native land,” explained Frances to the intellectually probing Emily.
A. 1
B. 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
In 1911, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for isolating pure radium. Unfortunately, all of
her exposure to radium adversely effected her health.
In 1911, Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for isolating pure radium. Unfortunately, all of
her exposure to radium adversely affected her health.
As an imminent research scientist, Madame Curie advanced the medical applications of radioactive
substances and became a major influence on the succeeding generations of nuclear physicists and chemists.
Of all of her many outstanding achievements, perhaps her most significant contribution was developing the
use of radiography or the x-ray.
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
13
86. 1.
2.
3.
4.
87. 1.
2.
3.
4.
88. 1.
2.
3.
4.
Paul and Chuck had explored the discoveries of Sir Alexander Fleming and Jonas Salk respectively, whose
curiosity and persistence in the laboratory have saved millions of lives over the past eighty years.
Paul and Chuck had explored the discoveries of Sir Alexander Fleming and Jonas Salk respectfully, whose
curiosity and persistence in the laboratory have saved millions of lives over the past eighty years.
Paul told the class that Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928 essentially initiated the practice of
antibiotic therapy of infectious diseases.
Fleming’s discovery came about when he noticed a bacteria-free circle around a mold growth in one of his
experiments. The principle factor that deterred the bacteria growth was the substance he called penicillin.
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 4
C. 1, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
The three major factors that make penicillin so important to medicine is that it is non-toxic or not
poisonous, that it stops the growth of many disease-causing bacteria, and that it retains its strength even
when diluted 800 times.
The three major factors that make penicillin so important to medicine are that it is non-toxic or not
poisonous, that it stops the growth of many disease-causing bacteria, and that it retains its strength even
when diluted 800 times.
Paul concluded with the observation, “We should all have a great sense of gratitude for Fleming’s
discovery. But let me add a word of caution. When penicillin is prescribed, everyone should be careful
because he or she may be allergic to this important antibacterial drug.”
Paul concluded with the observation, “We should all have a great sense of gratitude for Fleming’s
discovery. But let me add a word of caution. When penicillin is prescribed, everyone should be careful
because they may be allergic to this important antibacterial drug.”
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
Chuck rounded out the reports with his comments about Jonas Salk; the American physician and medical
researcher who developed the safe and effective polio vaccine.
Chuck rounded out the reports with his comments about Jonas Salk, the American physician and medical
researcher who developed the safe and effective polio vaccine.
Chuck explained, “Dr. Salk began his search for a polio vaccine in 1947, and in 1952, he conducted his first
test, first on children who had recovered from polio and later on those who had not contracted this crippling
disease.”
Concluding his presentation on a happy note, Chuck said, “Both tests were successful because the
childrens’ antibody levels or their immunity to the disease rose significantly and no one got polio.”
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4
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89. 1.
2.
3.
4.
90. 1.
2.
3.
4.
After Chuck had returned to his seat, Mrs. Bishop added a personal note, “When I was a young child, the
polio vaccine was administered orally on a sugar cube. This procedure was innovative for my friends and
I, who did not like the traditional needle injection.”
After Chuck had returned to his seat, Mrs. Bishop added a personal note, “When I was a young child, the
polio vaccine was administered orally on a sugar cube. This procedure was innovative for my friends and
myself, who did not like the traditional needle injection.”
The class agreed that the sugar cube approach would result in less scared children whose concerned parents
wanted them to be inoculated.
The class agreed that the sugar cube approach would result in fewer scared children whose concerned
parents wanted them to be inoculated.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Caroline summed up this project that had begun as a fifth-period lunch discussion when she said, “We are
truly fortunate to be the beneficiaries of all of these researches, innovations, and discoveries. It is amazing
the number of determined and brilliant people who have made so many valuable contributions to our
world.”
Caroline summed up this project that had begun as a fifth-period lunch discussion when she said, “We are
truly fortunate to be the beneficiaries of all of these researches, innovations, and discoveries. It is amazing
the amount of determined and brilliant people who have made so many valuable contributions to our
world.”
Mrs. Bishop thanked her young scholars for their intellectual curiosity that had initiated this discussion
during their lunch period.
Concluding her praise just moments before the end of the period, she said, “I agree with Caroline and must
add that these discoveries have led others to advance the work of these pioneers. Just think how far Bell’s
telephone has come. All you have to do is to look at your cell telephone and all of its apps! Good bye, I’ll
see you tomorrow!”
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 1, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4
Part Five. Literary Terms.
Identify the literary terms in sentences 91-100.
Prep students read a wide variety of literature during their four years at Scranton Prep: novels, short stories, poetry,
non-fiction works, and plays. Being familiar with key literary terms enhances students’ reading experience by
helping them to understand the author’s meaning and to appreciate his or her originality.
91. North Carolina’s automobile license plate has the inscription “First in Flight.” This motto is a(n) ___ to the
Wright brothers’ success at Kitty Hawk.
A. simile
B. allusion
C. apostrophe
D. metaphor
92. It is a grim example of ___ that Madame Curie died from the effects of radium, the radioactive element that she
discovered and that has helped save millions of lives.
A. a metaphor
B. a symbol
C. foreshadowing
D. irony
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93. In cartoons and comic strips, a glowing light bulb over a figure’s head is a(n) ___ that he or she has an idea. Do
you think Thomas Edison would approve of his invention being used in this humorous way?
A. oxymoron
B. simile
C. symbol
D. personification
94. In his play The Miracle Worker, William Gibson uses the ___ of a chick’s breaking from its suffocating shell to
describe Helen Keller’s breaking free from her handicap of being deaf, mute, and blind.
A. metaphor
B. apostrophe
C. paradox
D. personification
95. At first, Annie Sullivan, Helen’s teacher, had a difficult struggle disciplining this spoiled child. Gibson writes
that Annie's persistence was like General Grant’s trying to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, during the Civil
War. This description contains an example of a(n) ___.
A. simile
B. irony
C. oxymoron
D. metaphor
96. Under the heartfelt guidance of the helpful Annie Sullivan, Helen had a happy and productive long life. This
sentence contains at least one example of ___.
A. alliteration
B. an allusion
C. an oxymoron
D. an apostrophe
97. In describing her horrific childhood in an asylum to Helen’s parents, Annie uses her experience as a ___ of the
life Helen will have if the Kellers send their daughter to an asylum.
A. metaphor
B. simile
C. foreshadowing
D. paradox
98. When Helen finally succeeds in learning to communicate, Gibson writes that Kate, Helen’s mother,
“simultaneously finds and loses her child.” This description of Kate is an example of a(n) ___.
A. apostrophe
B. paradox
C. metaphor
D. allusion
99.
Do you think Gibson used a(n) ___ when he calls Annie “the miracle worker”? Just think of Annie’s
remarkable achievement of teaching Helen to communicate. Later in her life, Helen became one of the most
respected people in the world and received many awards for her humanitarism.
A. oxymoron
B. metaphor
C. hyperbole
D. allusion
100. Both Thomas Edison and Annie are ___ of the virtues of determination and perseverance in times of seeming
despair and defeat.
A. personifications
B. understatements
C. similes
D. allusions
16
Bibliography
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DVD 5 June 2012.
“Edison, Thomas Alva.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate
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“Fleming, Sir Alexander.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate
Reference Suite DVD 5 June 2012.
“Ford, Henry.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite
DVD 5 June 2012.
Gibson, William. The Miracle Worker. New York: Macmillan, 1956.
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“Morse, Samuel F.B.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference
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"Pasteur, Louis.” Encyclopædia Britannica. 2012. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite
DVD 5 June 2012.
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Swenson, May. “Fable for When There’s No Way Out.” 1957.
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