Download Practice Questions for Test 3

Practice Questions for Test 3
Chapter 13
1. Draw an enveloped virus and label the nucleic acid, capsomere, membrane, and virus
spikes.
2. Draw out the life cycle of bacteriophage. Explain the difference between lytic and
lysogenic phases. Which phase would a bacteriophage want to be in if the host cell is in
poor conditions?
3. Draw out the retroviral lifecycle. What are the functions of the enzymes: reverse
transcriptase and integrase?
4. Which stand of a single-standed RNA virus is translated directly?
5. Explain the three types of ways in which a virus can be cultured.
6. Is an oncogene or tumor suppressor overexpressed in cancer? How can a virus affect
these genes?
7. Which of the following proteins is responsible for mad cow disease?
a. Capsomere
b. Polymerase
c. Oncogene
d. PrPSC
e. PrPC
8. What best defines a viroid?
a. Naked RNA
b. Histone bound DNA
c. Misfolded protein
d. Cancer causing virus
e. Retrovirus
Chapter 12
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Review sexual and asexual lifecycles.
Name the three groups of protists and describe their general characteristics.
Draw out the life cycle of Zygomycetes.
What organism has a scolex?
Draw out the Plasmodium life cycle (the one that causes malaria). Identify all human
organs and cells affected.
6. What worm can live both sexual and asexual life cycles in a single human?
7. What is the difference between an arachnid, insect, and crustacean?
8. This slime mold can produce sexual spores.
9. This is an example of an archaezoan that can give you diarrhea?
a. Entamoeba
b. Giardia
c. Rhizopus
d. Agaricus
e. Trichonella
10. What kind of fungus makes conidia?
a. Ascomycete
b. Basidiomycete
c. Zygomycete
11. In the life cycle of a lung fluke, what acts as an intermediate host?
a. Human
b. Snail
c. Pig
d. Virus
e. Dog
Chapter 14
1. Which term best describes the development of disease?
a. Pathology
b. Pathogenesis
c. Pathogenicity
d. Etiology
e. Epidemiology
2. What term describes an infection that is caused because the organism moved to a
different location in your body?
a. Antagonistic
b. Chronic
c. Mutualistic
d. Opportunistic
e. Systemic
3. Describe the three types of symbiotic relationships.
4. Write out the four steps of Koch’s Postulates. Give an example of an exception of Koch’s
Postulates. Say “Koch’s Postulates” 3 times very fast!
5. Ebola virus symptoms appear very quickly and strongly. What type of infection would
you call this?
a. Acute
b. Chronic
c. Latent
d. Secondary
e. Subclinical
6. For pathogenesis, describe the three types of placements for infection.
7. Which is the first stage of infection?
a. Decline
b. Convalescence
c. Prodromal
d. Illness
e. Incubation
8. What is the difference between incidence and prevalence?
9. What are the differences among endemic, epidemic, and pandemic?
10. Ahhh-chooo! I just sneezed on you. What type of transmission most applies to this
situation?
a. Direct
b. Droplet
c. Indirect
d. Vector-mechanical
e. Vector-biological
11. What are the three main factors that contribute to a nosocomial infection (think of the
figure with the three circles converging!)
12. Describe the functions of the CDC and WHO.
13. What method of investigation involves comparing factors between infected and
uninfected people?
a. Analytical
b. Descriptive
c. Experimental
d. Paradoxical
Chapter 15
1. Describe three portals of entry for pathogens to enter the human body.
2. Draw an ID50 and LD50 curve. What is the difference between the two?
3. What structure is least likely to be involved in bacterial adherence?
a. Fimbriae
b. Pili
c. Ribosome
d. Capsule
e. Cell Wall
4. Describe three enzymes used by bacteria to help them infect host cells.
5. When bacteria change surface proteins to avoid immune detection, this is:
a. Antigenic variation
b. Immunodeficiency
c. Toxicity
d. Superantigenic
e. Endocytosis
6. What molecule do siderophores bind?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. Magnesium
d. Carbon
e. Nitrogen
7. Describe the function of each part of an A-B toxin.
8. What component of Gram- bacteria acts as an endotoxin?
a. DNA
b. Phospholipid
c. Peptidoglycan
d. Mycolic Acid
e. LPS
Chapter 16
1. Which body part contains mucous membranes?
a. Stomach
b. Nasal cavity
c. Respiratory tract
d. All of the above
2. Draw /label the 5 steps of phagocytosis.
3. Draw out the mechanism of the inflammatory response. Be sure to cover histamine,
vasodilation, and diapedesis. (Where does the ink stay when you get a tattoo?)
4. What molecule stimulates the hypothalamus to trigger the onset of a fever?
a. Prostaglandins
b. IFN
c. IL-1
d. Complement
e. Antibodies
5. What are the three ways in which the complement system can be activated?
6. Describe the three actions of the complement system.
7. What molecule acts as a distress signal to warn uninfected cells of a virus attack?
a. Antibodies
b. IFN gamma
c. IFN alpha
d. IL-1
e. Lectin
Chapter 17
1. Describe the process of clonal selection.
2. T cells mature in what gland?
a. Adrenal
b. Hypothalamus
c. Ovary
d. Thymus
e. Thyroid
3. Draw an antibody and label these parts: heavy chain, light chain, V, C, Fc.
4. Describe the six antibody functions.
5. Draw a graph of an immune response. Include a primary and secondary exposure. Include
a primary and secondary response.
6. What type of T cell stimulates B cells?
a. Helper Th1
b. Helper Th2
c. Memory
d. Cytotoxic
e. Phagocytic
7. This protein can mark cells as “self” but also can be used to display antigens
a. Perforin
b. Antibody
c. MHC
d. Complement
e. IL-1
8. Name two ways in which cell-mediated and humoral immunity work together.