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Circulatory System Fezza Miami Arts Charter Biology Circulatory System Function ▶ Transport system ▶ ▶ Blood carries ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ Nutrients and waste the important materials like oxygen to cells disease fighting materials from the immune system proteins for clotting Distributes heat throughout the body Also removes wastes like ___________ from the cells Structure ▶ Blood ▶ ▶ Heart ▶ ▶ Pumps blood through tubes Blood Vessels ▶ ▶ Carries substances Tube like system that the blood is pumped through Lymphatic System ▶ Both Circulatory and immune Blood Vessels ▶ Arteries ▶ ▶ ▶ Oxygenated (Oxygen rich) Blood from the heart going outward Elastic and durable ▶ ▶ ▶ Strong and thick Withstand high pressure Three layers of tissue Blood Vessels ▶ Capillaries ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ Smaller diameter arteries Microscopic Where the important exchange of nutrients and waste occur Not extremely thick ▶ Only one tissue Diameter of blood vessels change in response to activity level Increase blood flow, the vessels expand. Blood Vessels: Veins ▶ ▶ Veins Carry oxygen-poor blood ▶ ▶ Have thinner walls than arties ▶ ▶ Deoxygenated blood Because the blood loses pressure after going through the capillaries Valves ▶ ▶ Present in bigger veins Less pressure ▶ Valves do not allow blood to flow backwards Cardiovascular System ▶ Heart ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ Pumps oxygenated blood to the body Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs Cardiac Muscle 4 Chambers Structure of the Heart ▶ Right and Left Atrium ▶ ▶ Right and Left Ventricles ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ Top half of the heart Bottom half Pump Blood away from the heart Thicker and do more work than the atria (plural atrium) Wall Separates right and left side called Myocardium Two main phases ▶ ▶ Atria fill with blood, atria contract, filling ventricles with blood Ventricles pump blood out of the heart Heart Blood Flow Blood Pressure ▶ ▶ Measure of how much pressure is exerted on the vessel walls by the blood Systole ▶ ▶ ▶ Contraction of the heart Highest pressure Diastole ▶ ▶ Relaxation Lowest pressure Blood: Plasma ▶ Plasma ▶ Broken down products of digested food ▶ ▶ ▶ Vitamins, minerals, glucose, etc. Waste products are also carried by plasma Three Groups ▶ ▶ ▶ Regulates amount of water in the blood Produced by white blood cells Blood clotting Blood ▶ Red Blood Cells ▶ ▶ ▶ Carry oxygen Made in bone marrow Hemoglobin ▶ ▶ Platelets ▶ ▶ ▶ Iron containing molecule Used for clotting Release fibrin to trap platelets and red blood cells forming a clot White Blood Cells ▶ Immune response Blood Groups ▶ ▶ ABO Type A ▶ ▶ Type B ▶ ▶ A and B markers Type O ▶ ▶ B markers Type AB ▶ ▶ A markers No markers Your blood will clot if a foreign marker is present Blood Groups ▶ ▶ ▶ Rh positive or negative Marker on the red blood cell Rh Positive ▶ ▶ Rh Negative ▶ ▶ Positive blood type Negative Blood Type Your blood will clot if a foreign marker is present Cholesterol ▶ ▶ ▶ Present in the plasma membrane of all cells Liver makes cholesterol Two types: ▶ ▶ ▶ Bad: LDL is the main source of artery-clogging plaque Good: HDL clears cholesterol from the blood. Too much cholesterol increases risk for heart disease ▶ Causes atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ ▶ Blocked arteries Fat deposits reduce flow of oxygen rich blood Because flow is reduced Heart must pumps harder Vessels burst Can lead to Heart attack Blood does not reach the heart muscle Heart Disease ▶ ▶ Narrow vessels that lead to a heart attack, chest pain (angina) or stroke Can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle choices. Stroke ▶ Clot in vessels to the brain ▶ Vessels burst ▶ ▶ Internal bleeding Lack of oxygen kills brain cells