Download Circulatory System

Circulatory System
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Miami Arts Charter
Biology
Circulatory System
Function
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Transport system
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Blood carries
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Nutrients and waste
the important materials like oxygen to cells
disease fighting materials from the immune system
proteins for clotting
Distributes heat throughout the body
Also removes wastes like ___________ from the cells
Structure
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Blood
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Heart
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Pumps blood through tubes
Blood Vessels
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Carries substances
Tube like system that the blood is pumped through
Lymphatic System
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Both Circulatory and immune
Blood Vessels
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Arteries
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Oxygenated (Oxygen rich)
Blood from the heart going outward
Elastic and durable
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Strong and thick
Withstand high pressure
Three layers of tissue
Blood Vessels
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Capillaries
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Smaller diameter arteries
Microscopic
Where the important exchange of nutrients and waste occur
Not extremely thick
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Only one tissue
Diameter of blood vessels change in response to activity level
Increase blood flow, the vessels expand.
Blood Vessels: Veins
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Veins
Carry oxygen-poor blood
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Have thinner walls than arties
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Deoxygenated blood
Because the blood loses pressure after going through the
capillaries
Valves
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Present in bigger veins
Less pressure
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Valves do not allow blood to flow backwards
Cardiovascular System
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Heart
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Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Cardiac Muscle
4 Chambers
Structure of the Heart
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Right and Left Atrium
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Right and Left Ventricles
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Top half of the heart
Bottom half
Pump Blood away from the heart
Thicker and do more work than the atria (plural atrium)
Wall Separates right and left side called Myocardium
Two main phases
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Atria fill with blood, atria contract, filling ventricles with blood
Ventricles pump blood out of the heart
Heart
Blood Flow
Blood Pressure
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Measure of how much pressure is exerted on the vessel
walls by the blood
Systole
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Contraction of the heart
Highest pressure
Diastole
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Relaxation
Lowest pressure
Blood: Plasma
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Plasma
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Broken down products of digested food
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Vitamins, minerals, glucose, etc.
Waste products are also carried by plasma
Three Groups
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Regulates amount of water in the blood
Produced by white blood cells
Blood clotting
Blood
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Red Blood Cells
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Carry oxygen
Made in bone marrow
Hemoglobin
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Platelets
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Iron containing molecule
Used for clotting
Release fibrin to trap platelets and red blood cells forming a
clot
White Blood Cells
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Immune response
Blood Groups
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ABO
Type A
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Type B
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A and B markers
Type O
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B markers
Type AB
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A markers
No markers
Your blood will clot if a foreign marker is present
Blood Groups
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Rh positive or negative
Marker on the red blood cell
Rh Positive
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Rh Negative
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Positive blood type
Negative Blood Type
Your blood will clot if a foreign marker is present
Cholesterol
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Present in the plasma membrane of all cells
Liver makes cholesterol
Two types:
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Bad: LDL is the main source of artery-clogging plaque
Good: HDL clears cholesterol from the blood.
Too much cholesterol increases risk for heart disease
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Causes atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
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Blocked arteries
Fat deposits reduce flow of oxygen rich blood
Because flow is reduced
Heart must pumps harder
Vessels burst
Can lead to
Heart attack
Blood does not reach the heart muscle
Heart Disease
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Narrow vessels that lead to a heart attack, chest pain
(angina) or stroke
Can be prevented or treated with healthy lifestyle
choices.
Stroke
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Clot in vessels to the brain
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Vessels burst
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Internal bleeding
Lack of oxygen kills brain cells