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Transcript
Origins of Sociology Superstition & Myth Religion Science - Develop Theories and Test Hypotheses Belief in Science as Solver of Problems French and American Revolutions Encouraged New Thought Sociology Grew From Social Upheaval in Industrial Revolution Auguste Comte Positivism Applying the Scientific Method to Social World Coined the Phrase “Sociology” Observe Society to Uncover Fundamental Laws 1798-1857 Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism Second Founder of Sociology Reform Not Goal of Sociology Lower and Higher Forms of Society Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest” Harriet Martineau 1802-1876 English philosopher Society in America (1837) Darwinian connection Laissez faire Capitalism, Malthusian Early Feminist, Abolitionist Translator of Comte “First Female Sociologist” -- Comte Karl Marx Class Conflict Engine of Human History is Class Conflict: Thesis Antithesis Synthesis The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat Marxism not the Same as Communism 1818-1883 Emile Durkheim Social Integration Got Sociology Recognized as Separate Discipline Studied How Social Forces Affect Behavior: Suicide Identified “Social Integration” - Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group (Anime) 1858-1917 Max Weber The Protestant Ethic Religion and the Origin of Capitalism Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism Iron Cage – The price of Rational organization 1864-1920 Georg Simmel Salons—Out Group Groups and Group Dynamics The Stranger 1858-1918 Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) Hegemony Cultural Production Role of Mass Media Memes Jane Addams Jane Addams • • • • 1860-1935 • • • Hull House Social Reform/Social Work Poverty Immigration Eugenics Movement and Birth Control Progressive Era Nobel Peace Prize W. E. B. Du Bois Race Relations “The Negro Question” “Talented Tenth” Versus Booker T. Washington Versus Marcus Garvey Niagara Movement -NAACP 1868-1963 Chicago School Ethnography Sociology of the Streets (Negative Sociology) Great Depression Ethnicity Exploring “The Stranger” Exploring difference Exploring social worlds (commonality) Talcott Parsons 1902-1979 The Social System (1951) Functionalist – General Systems Approach Outlined Roles & Status on Grand Scale C. Wright Mills Sociological Imagination Power Elite American Middle Class – “White Collar” 1916-1962 Erving Goffman Dramaturgy Presentation 1922-1982 of Self Total Institutions Stigma Framing Harold Garfinkel Parsons’ Student “Judgemental Dopes” “Accounts” Ethnomethodology b. 1917 2011 Sociology since 1960s Professionalization Specialization Research and Funding Theory v. theory Feminization Post-Modernism A Few Sociologists since 1960s Pierre Bourdieu—symbolic violence Anthony Giddens—strucutration (structure and agency) Daniel Bell—post-industrialism George Ritzer—McDonaldization of America Amitai Etzioni—community William Julius Wilson—underclass Donna Harraway—cyborgs Peter Berger—social construction of illness Frances Fox Piven—poverty and disenfrachisement Arlie Hochschild—second shift and managed heart Historical Tension in Sociology Social Development Social Expansion Studying Past Studying Future Functionalist Conflict Objectivity Subjectivity Scientific Activism Research Everyday Life Theory Reform