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ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΩΝ
ΑΝΟΙΚΤΑ ΑΚΑΔΗΜΑΪΚΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΑ
Θέματα Διδακτικής των Φυσικών
Εννοιών
Light, Science and Society The importance of plants
for global CO2 reduction and wellbeing – Portugal
Διδάσκουσα: Αναπλ. Καθ. Αικατερίνη Γ. Πλακίτση
Άδειες Χρήσης
• Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό υπόκειται σε άδειες
χρήσης Creative Commons.
• Για εκπαιδευτικό υλικό, όπως εικόνες, που υπόκειται
σε άλλου τύπου άδειας χρήσης, η άδεια χρήσης
αναφέρεται ρητώς.
19/06/2012
Light, Science and Society: The
importance of plants for global
CO2 reduction and wellbeing
Graça Carvalho – [email protected]
Fernando Guimarães – [email protected]
University of Minho
Institute of Education
Portugal
Πανεπιστήμιο του Minho
Ινστιτούτο Εκπαίδευσης
Πορτογαλία
Contents
Contents
-
Carbon sinks versus carbon sources
Carbon cycle
Respiration
Photosyntesis
Greenhouse effect
The fatal flaw of carbon sinks
Climate change: the forest connection
Forests’ effect on the climate
The climate’s effect on forests
What can be done?
2012
What are carbon sinks and carbon sources?
What are carbon sinks and carbon sources?
Discussion with your colleagues
- Give a definition
- Give some examples
- Specify if they act as sources or sinks at different times
Forests act as
sources or
sinks at
Store
carbon
different times
A carbon sink is anything that
absorbs more carbon that it
releases, whilst a carbon source is
anything that releases more
carbon than is absorb
Writre down your descripton and return it to us
Not all stores of carbon are naturally cursed with fluctuations
however
The most important carbon stores are fossil
fuel deposits as they have the unique benefit
of being buried deep inside the earth,
naturally separated from the carbon cycling in
the atmosphere.
What is the carbon cycle?
What is the carbon cycle?
Discussion with your colleagues
- Give a definition
- Thinking in terms of:
. Process
. Place
. Organisms
. Sources versus Sinks
Writre down your descripton and return it to us
1
19/06/2012
If a diagram were drawn showing the different
processes that move carbon from one form to another,
what could it be its main processes?
The carbon cycle is the process in which
carbon atoms are recycled over and over
again on Earth. Carbon recycling takes
place within Earth's biosphere and
between living things and the nonliving
environment.
photosynthesis
Since a continual supply of carbon is
essential for all living organisms, the carbon
cycle is the name given to the different
processes that move carbon from one to
another.
respiration
the combustion of
fossil fuels
The complete cycle is made up of
"sources" that put carbon back into the
environment and "sinks" that absorb and
store carbon.
decomposition
natural weathering of rocks
C6H12O6
(Food)
ATP
H 2O
Food
Breathing / Respiration
ATP
ATP
O2 (Breathing)
Cellular respiration
+
ATP
+
ATP
CO2
2
19/06/2012
+
+
ATP
Photossynthesis
1.avi
Food
Breathing / Respiration
Cellular respiration
+
+
+
+
ATP
ATP
Chloroplast
- organelle
where the photosynthesis
takes place.
Photossynthesis
Plants make
their own food
Autotrophs
Food
They need:
water
+
Minerals from the soil
+
+ free CO2
+
Light
Breathing / Respiration
People eat plants:
directly or indirectly
Heterotrophs
Day and/or night
1st
stage
Light reaction
(light required)
Discussion with your colleagues
- The photosynthesis occurs during the day only
and the cellular respiration in the night only
2st stage
Dark reaction
(no need of light)
- The photosynthesis light reaction occurs during the day only
and the dark reaction in the night only
Writre down your descripton and return it to us
3
19/06/2012
1st stage
Light reaction
(light required)
2st stage
Dark reaction
(no need of light)
1st stage
Light reaction
(light required)
2st stage
Dark reaction
(no need of light)
Light reaction
Light energy is converted into
chemical energy, in the form of
energy-carrying molecules:
ATP and NADPH
Carbon fixation
The light effect on the Electron transport chain
Electron transport chain
Dark reaction
The 2nd stage of photosynthesis,
not requiring light to occur,
and during which
energy released from ATP
drives the production of
organic molecules
from carbon dioxide.
+
+
ATP
Not all stores of carbon are naturally cursed with fluctuations
however
The most important carbon stores are fossil
fuel deposits as they have the unique benefit
of being buried deep inside the earth,
naturally separated from the carbon cycling in
the atmosphere.
Photossynthesis
2.avi
Food
Breathing / Respiration
This separation ends when humans burn coal, oil
and natural gas, turning fossil carbon stores into
atmospheric carbon. This release of carbon from
fossil fuel has caused greenhouse gas (GHG)
4
19/06/2012
What is The Greenhouse Effect?
We are still adding roughly 6 billion tonnes of
carbon per year to the atmospheric carbon
cycle, significantly altering the intricate web of
carbon fluxes, and as a consequence, altering
the global climate.
We are still adding roughly 6 billion tonnes of carbon per year to
the atmospheric carbon cycle, significantly altering the intricate
web of carbon fluxes, and as a consequence, altering the global
climate.
Because of this increase in atmospheric carbon,
a lot of emphasis and hope has been put into
the ability of trees, other plants and the soil to
temporarily sink the carbon that fossil fuel
burning releases into the atmosphere.
The fatal flaw of carbon sinks
Indeed, the Kyoto Protocol, the international communities’ main
instrument for halting global warming suggests that the
absorption of carbon dioxide by trees and the soil is just as valid
a means to achieve emission reduction commitments as cutting
carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels.
Climate change: the forest connection
Most of NGOs disagrees with the assumption that planting trees
or reducing deforestation is just as good as reducing emissions
from burning fossil fuel. Such an assumption overlooks some
important facts:
i) There is general agreement about the need to halt fossil fuel emissions, particularly
in industrialised countries;
ii) All carbon is not the same.
Most people are now aware that the world’s hunger for energy
from fossil fuel is leading to catastrophic climate change. What is
becoming increasingly clear however is the effect that forests
have on the climate and the climate has on forests
iii) Afforestation - especially afforestation in northern tundra regions - may accelerate
global warming.
iv) It is not possible to accurately measure the “sink” effect of a forest
5
19/06/2012
Forests’ effect on the climate
The climate’s effect on forests
Forests play an important role in regulating the earth's temperature and weather
patterns by storing large quantities of carbon and water.
Locally, trees provide shade, which in turn lowers summer temperatures and prevents
the soil from drying out, they reduce heat loss from the ground in winter and prevent
storm damage by providing shelter from wind.
Globally, forests regulate the global carbon cycle, having a profound effect on the
climate.
Global warming, which on a geological timescale is occurring in the
equivalent of a split second, is significantly disrupting the intricate and poorly
understood web of interactions that governs the very structure and
composition of forest ecosystems.
This means that around a third of today's forests are likely to change their
species composition. A temperature increase of 3°C by 2100 would result in
forest ecosystems moving 500 km towards the poles or 500 m in elevation in
order to find the same climatic conditions.
Dank je wel
What can be done?
3.avi
Go raibh maith agat
Thanks
Tack
Obrigado
Efharisto
Grazie
6
Χρηματοδότηση
•
Το παρόν εκπαιδευτικό υλικό έχει αναπτυχθεί στα πλαίσια του
εκπαιδευτικού έργου του διδάσκοντα.
Τέλος Ενότητας
•
Το έργο «Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα στο Πανεπιστήμιο
Ιωαννίνων» έχει χρηματοδοτήσει μόνο τη αναδιαμόρφωση του
εκπαιδευτικού υλικού.
•
Το έργο υλοποιείται στο πλαίσιο του Επιχειρησιακού Προγράμματος
«Εκπαίδευση και Δια Βίου Μάθηση» και συγχρηματοδοτείται από την
Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση (Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινωνικό Ταμείο) και από εθνικούς
πόρους.
Σημείωμα Ιστορικού Εκδόσεων
Έργου
Το παρόν έργο αποτελεί την έκδοση 1.0.
Έχουν προηγηθεί οι κάτωθι εκδόσεις:
Σημειώματα
•Έκδοση 1.0 διαθέσιμη εδώ.
http://ecourse.uoi.gr/course/view.php?id=1203.
Σημείωμα Αναφοράς
Copyright Πανεπιστήμιο Ιωαννίνων, Διδάσκουσα:
Αναπλ. Καθ. Αικατερίνη Γ. Πλακίτση. «Θέματα
Διδακτικής των Φυσικών Εννοιών. Light, Science and
Society The importance of plants for global CO2
reduction and wellbeing - Portugal». Έκδοση: 1.0.
Ιωάννινα 2014. Διαθέσιμο από τη δικτυακή διεύθυνση:
http://ecourse.uoi.gr/course/view.php?id=1203.
Σημείωμα Αδειοδότησης
• Το παρόν υλικό διατίθεται με τους όρους της άδειας
χρήσης Creative Commons Αναφορά Δημιουργού Παρόμοια Διανομή, Διεθνής Έκδοση 4.0 [1] ή
μεταγενέστερη.
• [1] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.