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What are Viruses ? A virus is a nonnon-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells. cells Some examples areare- Rabies virus, HIV Aids virus, Herpes virus Herpes Virus Rabies Virus The Structure Of a Virus Viruses are composed of a core of nucleic acid The Nucleic acid core is surrounded by a protein coat called a p capsid The Nucleic core is either made up of DNA or RNA but never both b h HIV/AIDS HIV/ HIV is the virus that causes the syndrome syndrome, AIDS HIV = “Human Human Immunodeficiency Virus” Virus AIDS = “Acquired “Acquired Immune Deficiency S d Syndrome” ” HIV/AIDS 1981 - First cases of AIDS 1983 - Virus Vi id identified tifi d The number of infected people worldwide continues ti tto grow att an alarming l i rate t OH MY GOSH!!! Florida is #3 in the nation for AIDS cases Palm Beach County is #6 in AIDS cases. cases What is looks like: HIV attacks our Immune System 1. Virus ((antigen) g ) enters the body y 2. Macrophages find the virus and call the lymphocytes to help 3. Helper T lymphocyte cells signal B cells to make antibodies to kill antigen. 4 HIV iinfects 4. f t the th Helper H l T cells ll changing h i th them tto HIV making factories 5 T cells now can’t 5. can t protect you, you and a bunch of other infections take over your body “Opportunistic Infections” Exactly What Happens? ENTRY HIV enters through break in skin barrier Virus targets T4 cells because they have a special protein on their membranes that fit the HIV virus envelope Transcription HIV leaves protein coat and HIV capsid enters T4 cell Releases RNA and enzyme reverse transcriptase for transcritption Enzyme causes cell to create complimentary DNA strand from f HIV RNA Inserts itself into the T cell DNA Can remain inactive for up p to 8 yyears Exactly what Happens Con’t Con t Translation and Assembly Once activated, HIV DNA uses T4 cell machinery to make more HIV RNA and protein coats. Lysis New HIV bud out of original T4 cell and infect other T4 cells. ll N Now, th the T4 cells ll can’t ’t signal i l B cells ll tto make antibodies because too many are infected. Immune System is very weak and can’t can t even fight the smallest infections. Death People do not die of AIDS (it is a SYNDROMESYNDROME- NOT A DISEASE) They die from the opportunistic infections