Download 6-0 Notes- Infectious Diseases 6-0 Notes-Infectious

INFECTIOUS DISEASES PROJECT PRESENTATION DEBRIEF NOTES
Malaria – protozoan parasite (5 species cause disease in humans); transmitted by
mosquitoes; symptoms- chills, fever, sweats; control/treatment- antimalarial drugs
available but effectiveness depends on type of malaria; some are taken before travelling to
malarial regions; others taken to treat an infection; mosquito repellent/netting are best
measures to prevent mosquito bites; where occurs/# of cases- approximately 200
million cases yearly (2013) with 500,000+ deaths; mostly occurs in Africa, Asia, Middle
East and Central/South America
Zika Virus – virus; transmitted by mosquitoes; symptoms- only 1 out 5 people infected
report mild fever, skin rash, conjunctivitis, mild muscle & joint pain. Possible link with
microcephaly (severe birth defect); control/treatment- no vaccine; no specific treatment
except rest and staying hydrated; where occurs/# of cases- disease is spreading and is
found in tropical regions including Africa, Americas, Southern Asia & the Western Pacific;
Up to 4 million infections expected this year
Cholera – bacteria; transmitted by drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated
food infected by fecal waste; symptoms- diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration;
control/treatment- vaccine is available but not yet approved in the U.S.; replacement of
lost fluids/salts is critical; where occurs/# of cases- found worldwide where clean water
is not available (mostly in parts of Africa, Asia & Latin America); approx. 3-5 million cases
each year with 100,000 deaths
Lyme Disease – bacteria, transmitted by the bite of black-legged ticks; symptoms- flulike, rash, joint and muscle pain; control/treatment- treatable with antibiotics; where
occurs/# of cases- only occurs in parts of U.S. where black-legged ticks occur (Northeast
& mid-Atlantic, north central states, and northern California); one of the fastest growing
infectious diseases in the U.S.; approx. 30,000 cases reported each year but actual number
is likely higher
Polio – virus; transmitted through the mouth by contaminated hands or utensils; found in
the throat and intestinal tract; symptoms- most infected people don’t show any
symptoms, but approx. 1 out of 4 have flu-like symptoms; worst cases result in paralysis of
muscles in swallowing and even arms and legs; control/treatment- polio vaccine
available; where occurs/# of cases- globally, cases are decreasing but still found in
Afghanistan, Nigeria & Pakistan, but recently spreading in Syria and other parts of Africa
Tuberculosis (TB) – bacteria; transmitted by infected person sneezing, coughing even
speaking; symptoms- persistent cough, coughing up blood, fever, chills, appetite loss;
control/treatment- antibiotics; vaccine available for at-risk children/infants but not
widely used in U.S.; where occurs/# of cases- wide-spread in parts of Africa, Asia and
South America; it’s estimated that 1/3 of the world’s population are infected with the TB
bacteria (most don’t have TB disease); 9 million developed TB disease in 2013, with 1.5
million TB-related deaths
MRSA (Staphylococcus aureus) – bacteria; transmission by human contact, even linens,
& through open cuts, sores; symptoms- skin infections, abscesses; control/treatmentprevent spread by decontaminating surfaces; infections treated with antibiotics; where
occurs/# of cases- found in hospitals, on sports mats (e.g., wrestling mats, and other
surfaces); CDC reports over 80,000 hospital patients contract staph infections each year in
the U.S. & with over 11,000 deaths
Giardia – protozoan parasite; infects gastrointestinal tract; transmitted from
contaminated food and water or from infected human and animal feces; symptomsdiarrhea, gas, stomach cramps, weight loss; control/treatment-treatment prescription
drugs; where occurs/# of cases- infects 20% of the worlds population
Norovirus – virus; common, highly contagious virus transmitted through close contact
with infected persons, contaminated food & water, and by touching contaminated surfaces.
Most common cause of foodborne-disease outbreak in the US; symptoms- causes
inflammation in the stomach and intestines (called gastroenteritis) leading to stomach
pain, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea. Loss of fluids can be especially serious for young
children and older adults; control/treatment- no vaccine; prevent risk of infection
reduced by thoroughly washing hands, foods, and cleaning contaminated surfaces;
symptoms treated by replacing lost fluids; where occurs/# of cases- found worldwide;
19-21 million annual cases in US alone, resulting in 570-800 deaths
Hepatitis – virus; transmitted by contaminated fluids and food, IV drug use, sexual
contact, blood transfusions, tattooing and piercing; symptoms- dark urine, pale stool,
fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice (yellowing of the skin & eyes); control/treatmentvaccination for Hep A and B; where occurs/# of cases- estimated 600 million people
worldwide are infected with either Hep B or C, most people die from Hep C; most common
in Europe, U.S. and Africa
Ebola – virus; thought to be initially transmitted from infected animal (fruit bats or
monkey/apes), but then spreads from human to human through contact with blood or body
fluids; symptoms- fever, severe headache, muscle pain, fatigue/weakness, diarrhea,
vomiting and bleeding/bruising; control/treatment- prevention includes avoiding
contact with body fluids of infected persons; experimental vaccines are now being tested;
where occurs/# of cases- found mostly in West Africa; most current outbreak: 24,000
infected & 9800+ deaths reported
Measles – virus; highly contagious & transmitted human to human through coughing and
sneezing; symptoms- high fever, cough runny nose & red/watery eyes;
control/treatment- MMR (measles, mumps & rubella) vaccine available; where
occurs/# of cases- common worldwide - 20 million infected with 146,000 deaths each
year; rare in U.S due to high vaccination rate.