Download 3-2 Research PP

Infectious Diseases
 When someone gets a type of germ in his or
her body, we say that this person has
become infected with the disease.
 An infection occurs when bacteria or virus
enter the body, multiply, and begin to
damage body cells.
 If the body is not able to resist or fight off
the infection, disease will develop.
Direct Contact
 Direct Contact – person to person contact
 Other people get the disease from contact
with the infected person
 Touching an infected person’s skin, or
when infected blood, mucus, or other
body fluids get inside another person’s
body.
Indirect Contact
Infected person’s skin or body fluids don’t directly touch
or enter the other person through human-to-human
contact.
Someone with a cold rubs their nose and then opens a
door – cold virus is transmitted to the door knob
Someone else touches that same door know and then rubs
their nose – pathogen is transferred
Can happen with tissues, eating utensils, and many other
objects
Indirect Contact
 Cough or sneeze without covering the
nose/mouth
 Droplets of mucus/saliva get airborne which
can then be breathed in by another person
 Animals/Insects can pass pathogens from one
person to another if they bite someone who is
infected and then bite or sting another person.
 Eat or drink contaminated food or water
 Needles syringes or other equipment
Noninfectious Diseases
Develop inside a person’s body, and
can’t be caught or passed to other
people. You’ll be learning more
about these types of diseases in the
next lesson.
How do you get the cold or flu?
 Direct
Touching or kissing
 Indirect
 Breathing in airborne particles
containing the virus
 Touching tissues, doorknobs, or other
objects that have the virus on them

What are food-borne diseases?
 Food Poisoning
 Through contaminated food or water
 Direct
Spoiled food – bacteria growing in it
 Food not cooked properly
 Indirect
 Food contains virus/pathogen transferred
from person who prepared it (don’t wash
hands or equipment not cleaned right)

Infectious Diseases
 Hepatitis – infects and damages the liver
 Hepatitis A



Transmitted indirectly when contaminated feces get into
water or food
Not washing his or her hands and then preparing food
Water supply in contact with contaminated feces
 Hepatitis B and C




Transmitted by blood
Direct – touching infected blood
Indirect – needles (drugs, vitamins, tattooing, piercing)
Hep B – semen or vaginal fluids
Infectious Diseases
 HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 Causes AIDS
 Directly – through infected semen or vaginal fluids
during sexual intercourse with a person who has HIV
 Transmitted through blood
 Sharing needles
 Not transmitted directly from day-to-day contact
 Safe to touch, hug, shake hands or share eating
utensils with someone who has HIV
Prevent Infectious Diseases
 Eliminate the source of the bacteria or virus
 Throw away spoiled food, drain pond with contaminated
water, and quarantine
 Handle and dispose of body fluids appropriately
 Properly and promptly clean up blood, vomit, or feces
 Dispose of body fluid in special containers
 Safely handle and dispose of contaminated items
 Sterilize needles and other equipment
 Never reuse
 Sharp items – dispose in sealed containers
Preventing Infectious Diseases
 Keep food safe
 Cook foods to the proper temperatures
 Keep hot foods hot and cold foods cold
 Refrigerate leftovers
 Throw away food that looks or smells spoiled
 Don’t use the same cutting board to cut raw meat and then
cut vegetables or other foods.
 Protect yourself
 Wash your hands frequently
 Bandage wounds immediately
 Wear latex gloves when cleaning blood/other body fluid
Preventing Infectious Diseases
 Ways to stop the spread of infection
 Don’t spread germs to others – hug or kiss other
people when you’re sick. Cover your nose and
mouth when you sneeze or cough
 Don’t spread germs to objects
 Don’t spread germs to food
 Keep your immune system strong by following
healthy habits