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Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Course: Health
Grade(s): Third Grade
Unit 3: Structure and Function of the Human
Body Systems
I Can…
Identify basic body systems and their
functions
Identify physical, mental, social, and cultural
factors affecting growth and development of
children
Identify stages in growth and development
Time Frame: 3 – 30 minute lessons
STATE STANDARDS:
23.A.2
Identify basic body systems and their functions (circulatory, respiratory, nervous)
23.C.2a
Identify physical, mental, social, and cultural factors affecting growth and development of
children (nutrition, self-esteem, family, and illness)
23.C.2b
Identify stages in growth and development (stages in the life cycle from infancy to old age)
Lesson 1: What Is Your Body Made Of?
CONTENT:
What Parts Make Up Your Body?
(Lesson 1 reproduced from pdf.
The Body’s System
267EB2DD59441B28C2AE2C72C2AE2C5C8972- A system is a group of body parts that work
4.doc. No other identifying notations.)
together to do a job. There are different
systems in the human body. Each system has
Learner Outcomes
its own job to do.
Students will learn about body systems,
In your body, one system lets you breath in
components of the systems and what organs
and out. Another system turns the food you
and tissues are made of.
eat into energy. A system carries blood
through your body. There are systems to
make you stand, move and think.
Your body systems work like a team. The
systems of your body are always working
together to keep you alive and healthy.
Q. Your body has many _____________to help
keep you alive.
Parts That Make Up Body Systems.
You know that you have a heart, a stomach
and two lungs. Each of those body parts is an
organ. None of your organs look alike. Each
organ has its own job. Your heart pumps
blood. No other organ does that.
Each of your body systems is made of organs.
Your heart is an organ of the circulatory
system. Your stomach is an organ of the
digestive system. Your lungs are organs of
the
Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012
Springfield Public Schools
Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 1: What Is Your Body Made Of?
(continued)
respiratory system.
Other body systems are the skeletal, muscular
and nervous systems.
Q. Each system in your body has a _________.
Parts That Make Up Organs and Tissues
Cells are the basic units of the human body.
All living things are made of cells. A tissue is
a group of cells that look alike and do a
certain job. Each organ in your body has more
than one kind of tissue.
Your body has millions of tiny cells. You have
hundreds of different kinds of cells in your
body. Some are muscle cells, nerve cells and
bone cells. To see a cell, you must look
through a microscope. With a microscope we
can see that each kind of cell looks different.
Muscle cells form muscle tissue. Your
muscles change shape to help you move.
Nerve cells form nerve tissue. Your brain and
nerves are made of nerve tissue. Your brain
tells you what to think and do. It gets and
sends messages along nerves.
Bone cells form bone tissue. Your bones hold
you up. Bones also work with muscles to help
you move.
Every living thing is made of ________.
Lesson 2: How Do Bones and Muscles Work? (Lesson 2 reproduced from pdf.
267EB2DD59441B28C2AE2C72C2AE2C5C89724.doc. No other identifying notations.)
Content:
The Skeletal System
Your body has about two hundred bones.
They make up the skeletal system. The bones
of your skeleton help give shape to your
body. Your bones also support you. Without
them, your body would be floppy.
Learner Outcomes: Students will learn about the skeletal system, how Place a hand on one hip. The bone you feel is
bones heal, how joints help us move and how part of your pelvis. The pelvis helps support
muscles work. your upper body when you stand and sit.
Bones work with muscles to help you move.
Parts of the skeleton protect your soft organs.
Your skull protects your brain like a helmet.
Your ribs form a cage that protects your heart
and lungs.
Bones come in many shapes and sizes. Bones
are hard but not solid. The longest and
thickest bone in your body is the one between
Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012
Springfield Public Schools
Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 2: How Do Bones and Muscles Work? (continued)
your hip and knee. It helps you run and kick.
When you were born, most of your skeleton
was rubbery tissue called cartilage. As you
grew, bone replaced most of the cartilage.
Your ears and the top of your nose are still
made of cartilage. That is why you can bend
them.
Q. About how many bones are in your body?
____________________________________
How a Broken Bone Heals
Bones are strong, but they can break. Pictures
called X rays help doctors see broken bones.
Because it is living tissue, a broken bone can
heal. A cast holds a broken bone in the correct
position while it heals.
Bone starts to mend soon after a break. New
bone cells begin to form. In a few days,
spongy bone tissue fills the space between the
broken ends of the bone. It takes weeks for
the spongy tissue to harden into strong bone.
Q. What do you put on a broken bone?
____________________________________
How Joints Help You Move
The place where two bones of the skeleton
meet is a joint. Joints let you move. With
joints, your skeleton bends, twists, and turns.
Your elbows and knees have hinge joints, like
a door. Your arms and legs bend in one
direction. Bend your arm at the elbow. Open.
Close.
Some cartilage covers the ends of bones that
meet at joints. The cartilage keeps the bones
from rubbing and wearing out. Tissues called
ligaments hold bones together at joints.
Without ligaments, your bones would come
apart at the joints.
Q. We would be stiff without our __________.
What Muscles Do
A muscle is a tissue made of muscle cells.
Muscles also help give your body its shape
and help protect the soft organs inside you.
Your muscular system has more than six
hundred muscles. Most of the muscles move
bones. They let you walk, lift, or kick.
Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012
Springfield Public Schools
Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 2: How Do Bones and Muscles Work? (continued)
Some muscles move body parts without
bones.
Muscles help you smile, frown, or make a
funny face. You can speak and sing because
of muscles.
Muscles are attaches to bones by cords called
tendons. You can feel a tendon at the back of
each ankle.
Q. About how many muscles is in your body?
_____________________
How Muscles Help You Move
Muscles can move bones because muscle cells
can change their shape. Move your fist to
your shoulder. The muscle in your upper arm
changes. Muscle cells contracted, or got
shorter, to make movement.
Muscles cannot push bones. Muscles can only
pull. That is why muscles work in pairs. One
muscle pulls a bone one way. Another moves
the bone in the opposite way.
Your upper arm has two muscles. The one on
top is the biceps. To raise your fist, the biceps
pull your lower arm up. The muscle on the
bottom of your upper arm is the triceps. To
lower your fist, the triceps contract and pull
your arm down.
Q. Do muscles push or pull? ______________
Different Kinds OF Muscle
Some muscles, like in your arm, are
voluntary muscles. You can control what
they do and when they do it. Other muscles
are involuntary muscles. They work without
your control, even when you sleep. The
muscles that move food through your
digestive system are involuntary muscles.
Your heart is an involuntary muscle. It is the
strongest muscle you have. It pumps blood
through your body every minute of every
day. You don’t even have to think about it.
Some people have trouble controlling their
voluntary muscles. They may need special
treatment, or even a wheelchair, to help them.
Q. Do you think the muscles in your hand
Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012
Springfield Public Schools
Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 2 (continued)
Lesson 3: Other Body Systems (Lesson 3 reproduced from pdf.
267EB2DD59441B28C2AE2C72C2AE2C5C89724.doc. No other identifying notations.)
Learner Outcomes: Students will learn about the heart and blood vessels, brain and nerves, lungs and breathing and stomach and intestines. are voluntary or involuntary?____________
Content:
Heart and Blood Vessels
Your heart is a muscular organ that pumps
blood. Blood vessels are tubes that carry
blood all through your body. Your heart and
blood vessels make up your circulatory
system.
Blood brings oxygen and nutrients to cells.
After exercise, your muscle cells need more
oxygen and nutrients. That is why your heart
pumps faster.
Q. Does your heart pump faster after resting
or after exercise? ______________________
Brain and Nerves
Your brain controls your thoughts and
feelings. Your brain also controls what you
do. Your brain allows you to speak, read,
remember, and play. Your brain controls
every job your body does.
Your brain works with your nerves. The brain
and nerves make up your nervous system.
Nerves go all over your body. Some nerves
are thinner than a hair and others are thick.
The bundle of nerves that go from your brain
down your back is called the spinal cord.
Nerves carry messages from all parts of your
body to your brain. When you kick a ball,
your brain sends a message along nerves to
the right muscles.
Your nervous system helps keep you safe. It
is what makes you pull away from something
hot. You don’t even have to think about it.
Q. We need our brain to:
A. Kick a ball.
B. Read a book.
C. Do a puzzle.
D. Do all of the above.
Lungs and Breathing
Your lungs and the tubes leading to them
make up your respiratory system. Air enters
your lungs when you breathe in. Your body
cells need oxygen from the air to stay alive.
When you breathe in:
Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012
Springfield Public Schools
Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 3: Other Body Systems (continued)  Oxygen in your lungs passes into your
blood.
 Your heart pumps the blood to body
cells.
 The blood delivers oxygen to the cells.
 Te blood has waste from the cells,
including a gas called carbon dioxide.
 The blood is pumped back to our lungs.
 The blood gets rid of the carbon dioxide
and gets more oxygen.
When you breathe out:
 The carbon dioxide leaves your body.
 The cycle of breathing goes on and on.
Q. What two things make up your respiratory
system? _______________________
Stomach and Intestines
Everything you eat is changed into a form
that body cells can use for fuel. Your
digestive system does this job. The digestive
system includes your stomach and intestines.
In your stomach, food is mixed until it forms
a liquid. In your small intestine nutrients
from the liquid pass into your blood. Your
heart pumps the nutrient-rich blood to body
cells. The parts of food that your body cannot
use go into your large intestine. These wastes
leave your body.
You need to eat to stay alive and healthy.
Your body stays healthy when you eat
healthy food like fruits and vegetables.
Q. Which do you think is better for your
body? An apple or potato chips?
_________________
Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012
Springfield Public Schools
Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Glossary
System
A group of body parts that work together to perform a job.
Organ
A body part that does a special job within a body system.
Tissue
A group of cells that look alike and work together to do a certain job.
Cell
The basic unit of all living things, including the human body.
Cartilage
A tough rubbery tissue that makes up parts of the skeleton.
Joint
The place where two bones come together.
Ligament
A strong flexible tissue that holds bones together at a joint.
Muscle
Body tissue that moves parts of the body.
Tendon
A strong cord of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
Voluntary Muscle
The kind of muscle that a person can control.
Involuntary Muscle
The kind of muscle that works without a person’s control.
Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012
Springfield Public Schools