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Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Course: Health Grade(s): Third Grade Unit 3: Structure and Function of the Human Body Systems I Can… Identify basic body systems and their functions Identify physical, mental, social, and cultural factors affecting growth and development of children Identify stages in growth and development Time Frame: 3 – 30 minute lessons STATE STANDARDS: 23.A.2 Identify basic body systems and their functions (circulatory, respiratory, nervous) 23.C.2a Identify physical, mental, social, and cultural factors affecting growth and development of children (nutrition, self-esteem, family, and illness) 23.C.2b Identify stages in growth and development (stages in the life cycle from infancy to old age) Lesson 1: What Is Your Body Made Of? CONTENT: What Parts Make Up Your Body? (Lesson 1 reproduced from pdf. The Body’s System 267EB2DD59441B28C2AE2C72C2AE2C5C8972- A system is a group of body parts that work 4.doc. No other identifying notations.) together to do a job. There are different systems in the human body. Each system has Learner Outcomes its own job to do. Students will learn about body systems, In your body, one system lets you breath in components of the systems and what organs and out. Another system turns the food you and tissues are made of. eat into energy. A system carries blood through your body. There are systems to make you stand, move and think. Your body systems work like a team. The systems of your body are always working together to keep you alive and healthy. Q. Your body has many _____________to help keep you alive. Parts That Make Up Body Systems. You know that you have a heart, a stomach and two lungs. Each of those body parts is an organ. None of your organs look alike. Each organ has its own job. Your heart pumps blood. No other organ does that. Each of your body systems is made of organs. Your heart is an organ of the circulatory system. Your stomach is an organ of the digestive system. Your lungs are organs of the Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012 Springfield Public Schools Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 1: What Is Your Body Made Of? (continued) respiratory system. Other body systems are the skeletal, muscular and nervous systems. Q. Each system in your body has a _________. Parts That Make Up Organs and Tissues Cells are the basic units of the human body. All living things are made of cells. A tissue is a group of cells that look alike and do a certain job. Each organ in your body has more than one kind of tissue. Your body has millions of tiny cells. You have hundreds of different kinds of cells in your body. Some are muscle cells, nerve cells and bone cells. To see a cell, you must look through a microscope. With a microscope we can see that each kind of cell looks different. Muscle cells form muscle tissue. Your muscles change shape to help you move. Nerve cells form nerve tissue. Your brain and nerves are made of nerve tissue. Your brain tells you what to think and do. It gets and sends messages along nerves. Bone cells form bone tissue. Your bones hold you up. Bones also work with muscles to help you move. Every living thing is made of ________. Lesson 2: How Do Bones and Muscles Work? (Lesson 2 reproduced from pdf. 267EB2DD59441B28C2AE2C72C2AE2C5C89724.doc. No other identifying notations.) Content: The Skeletal System Your body has about two hundred bones. They make up the skeletal system. The bones of your skeleton help give shape to your body. Your bones also support you. Without them, your body would be floppy. Learner Outcomes: Students will learn about the skeletal system, how Place a hand on one hip. The bone you feel is bones heal, how joints help us move and how part of your pelvis. The pelvis helps support muscles work. your upper body when you stand and sit. Bones work with muscles to help you move. Parts of the skeleton protect your soft organs. Your skull protects your brain like a helmet. Your ribs form a cage that protects your heart and lungs. Bones come in many shapes and sizes. Bones are hard but not solid. The longest and thickest bone in your body is the one between Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012 Springfield Public Schools Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 2: How Do Bones and Muscles Work? (continued) your hip and knee. It helps you run and kick. When you were born, most of your skeleton was rubbery tissue called cartilage. As you grew, bone replaced most of the cartilage. Your ears and the top of your nose are still made of cartilage. That is why you can bend them. Q. About how many bones are in your body? ____________________________________ How a Broken Bone Heals Bones are strong, but they can break. Pictures called X rays help doctors see broken bones. Because it is living tissue, a broken bone can heal. A cast holds a broken bone in the correct position while it heals. Bone starts to mend soon after a break. New bone cells begin to form. In a few days, spongy bone tissue fills the space between the broken ends of the bone. It takes weeks for the spongy tissue to harden into strong bone. Q. What do you put on a broken bone? ____________________________________ How Joints Help You Move The place where two bones of the skeleton meet is a joint. Joints let you move. With joints, your skeleton bends, twists, and turns. Your elbows and knees have hinge joints, like a door. Your arms and legs bend in one direction. Bend your arm at the elbow. Open. Close. Some cartilage covers the ends of bones that meet at joints. The cartilage keeps the bones from rubbing and wearing out. Tissues called ligaments hold bones together at joints. Without ligaments, your bones would come apart at the joints. Q. We would be stiff without our __________. What Muscles Do A muscle is a tissue made of muscle cells. Muscles also help give your body its shape and help protect the soft organs inside you. Your muscular system has more than six hundred muscles. Most of the muscles move bones. They let you walk, lift, or kick. Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012 Springfield Public Schools Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 2: How Do Bones and Muscles Work? (continued) Some muscles move body parts without bones. Muscles help you smile, frown, or make a funny face. You can speak and sing because of muscles. Muscles are attaches to bones by cords called tendons. You can feel a tendon at the back of each ankle. Q. About how many muscles is in your body? _____________________ How Muscles Help You Move Muscles can move bones because muscle cells can change their shape. Move your fist to your shoulder. The muscle in your upper arm changes. Muscle cells contracted, or got shorter, to make movement. Muscles cannot push bones. Muscles can only pull. That is why muscles work in pairs. One muscle pulls a bone one way. Another moves the bone in the opposite way. Your upper arm has two muscles. The one on top is the biceps. To raise your fist, the biceps pull your lower arm up. The muscle on the bottom of your upper arm is the triceps. To lower your fist, the triceps contract and pull your arm down. Q. Do muscles push or pull? ______________ Different Kinds OF Muscle Some muscles, like in your arm, are voluntary muscles. You can control what they do and when they do it. Other muscles are involuntary muscles. They work without your control, even when you sleep. The muscles that move food through your digestive system are involuntary muscles. Your heart is an involuntary muscle. It is the strongest muscle you have. It pumps blood through your body every minute of every day. You don’t even have to think about it. Some people have trouble controlling their voluntary muscles. They may need special treatment, or even a wheelchair, to help them. Q. Do you think the muscles in your hand Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012 Springfield Public Schools Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 2 (continued) Lesson 3: Other Body Systems (Lesson 3 reproduced from pdf. 267EB2DD59441B28C2AE2C72C2AE2C5C89724.doc. No other identifying notations.) Learner Outcomes: Students will learn about the heart and blood vessels, brain and nerves, lungs and breathing and stomach and intestines. are voluntary or involuntary?____________ Content: Heart and Blood Vessels Your heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood. Blood vessels are tubes that carry blood all through your body. Your heart and blood vessels make up your circulatory system. Blood brings oxygen and nutrients to cells. After exercise, your muscle cells need more oxygen and nutrients. That is why your heart pumps faster. Q. Does your heart pump faster after resting or after exercise? ______________________ Brain and Nerves Your brain controls your thoughts and feelings. Your brain also controls what you do. Your brain allows you to speak, read, remember, and play. Your brain controls every job your body does. Your brain works with your nerves. The brain and nerves make up your nervous system. Nerves go all over your body. Some nerves are thinner than a hair and others are thick. The bundle of nerves that go from your brain down your back is called the spinal cord. Nerves carry messages from all parts of your body to your brain. When you kick a ball, your brain sends a message along nerves to the right muscles. Your nervous system helps keep you safe. It is what makes you pull away from something hot. You don’t even have to think about it. Q. We need our brain to: A. Kick a ball. B. Read a book. C. Do a puzzle. D. Do all of the above. Lungs and Breathing Your lungs and the tubes leading to them make up your respiratory system. Air enters your lungs when you breathe in. Your body cells need oxygen from the air to stay alive. When you breathe in: Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012 Springfield Public Schools Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Lesson 3: Other Body Systems (continued) Oxygen in your lungs passes into your blood. Your heart pumps the blood to body cells. The blood delivers oxygen to the cells. Te blood has waste from the cells, including a gas called carbon dioxide. The blood is pumped back to our lungs. The blood gets rid of the carbon dioxide and gets more oxygen. When you breathe out: The carbon dioxide leaves your body. The cycle of breathing goes on and on. Q. What two things make up your respiratory system? _______________________ Stomach and Intestines Everything you eat is changed into a form that body cells can use for fuel. Your digestive system does this job. The digestive system includes your stomach and intestines. In your stomach, food is mixed until it forms a liquid. In your small intestine nutrients from the liquid pass into your blood. Your heart pumps the nutrient-rich blood to body cells. The parts of food that your body cannot use go into your large intestine. These wastes leave your body. You need to eat to stay alive and healthy. Your body stays healthy when you eat healthy food like fruits and vegetables. Q. Which do you think is better for your body? An apple or potato chips? _________________ Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012 Springfield Public Schools Health Grade 3 Unit 3 Glossary System A group of body parts that work together to perform a job. Organ A body part that does a special job within a body system. Tissue A group of cells that look alike and work together to do a certain job. Cell The basic unit of all living things, including the human body. Cartilage A tough rubbery tissue that makes up parts of the skeleton. Joint The place where two bones come together. Ligament A strong flexible tissue that holds bones together at a joint. Muscle Body tissue that moves parts of the body. Tendon A strong cord of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. Voluntary Muscle The kind of muscle that a person can control. Involuntary Muscle The kind of muscle that works without a person’s control. Grade 3 Unit 3 Health July/2012 Springfield Public Schools