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* Unit 1 Chapters 1-2, 8-10 Health is the combination of your physical, mental/emotional, and social wellbeing. * • Physical Health- the way the parts and systems of your body work together. How do you cope? • Mental and Emotional Health- feelings, relationships, and coping. • Social Health- the way you get along with others * Mental & Emotional Physical Social * What does your Health Triangle like? How air, water, noise, and chemical pollution affect your health. * * Wellness is an overall state of well-being, or total health. * • Lifestyle Factors Lifestyle factors are personal behaviors, and habits related to the way a person lives, that help determine his or her level of health. • Your Attitude, Your Health • Wellness and Prevention Prevention is practicing health habits to keep a person well and free from disease and other ailments. * Health Education is providing accurate health information in such a way as to influence people to change attitudes so that they take positive action about their health. * Health literacy is an individual’s capacity to obtain, interpret, and understand basic health information and services and use such information services in ways that promote his or health wellness. * • Critical thinker/Problem solver • Responsible, productive citizen • A self-directed learner • Effective communicator * Heredity is all the traits and properties that are passed along biologically from both parents to child. * Environment is the sum total of your surroundings- your family, where you grew up, where you live now, and all of your experiences. - It includes your social environment * Physical Environment - where do you live? Work? Play? - influences total health & contributes to sense of well-being Social Environment -peers/peer pressure Cultural Environment - community, ethnic group, nation, or section of the globe * Peers are people the same age who share a similar range of interests. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=rgNCNukdr-Q Culture is the collective beliefs, customs, and behaviors of a group. The way you to choose to act within your environment, with your inherited abilities is very important. * • • • • • Risk Factors and Teens Examining your habits and behaviors Cumulative Risks Taking Responsibility for the health of others Protective Factors * Risk factors are action or behaviors that represent a potential health threat. 6 Personal health risk behaviors: • Behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries • Tobacco use • Alcohol and other drug use • Sexual behavior • Unhealthy eating behaviors • Physical inactivity * Where do you fit in on the spectrum? Most students do not actually engage in negative behaviors, but many feel pressured to participate. * Cumulative risks may be a combination of risk factors that can combine for a serious outcome. • Driving over the speed limit • Not wearing your seat belt • Texting http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7BHFqq0y KKE * • Think of the “ripple effect” • What are your values? • How do you reach out to your community? * Who helps protect you? List three people you know who have a positive role in your life. Positive Role Models- Those that inspire you to be better Positive Values- honesty, integrity, loyalty, and hard work. Your family may provide a strong value system. * Values are beliefs and standards of conduct that you find important. Abstinence is voluntarily choosing not to do something. When it comes to abstinence, think about setting the stage for your future self… Health skills are specific tools and strategies that lead to better and more informed health choices. • Communication Skills • Refusal Skills * • Clearly say what you mean • Pay attention to how you say something • Be a good listener • Be aware of your facial expressions and gestures Communication is a process through which you send message to and receive messages from others. * Refusal skills are techniques that can help you refuse when you are urged to take part in unsafe and unhealthful behaviors. • • • • • Say NO Explain what you are refusing Suggest alternatives to the proposed activity Back up your words using body language Leave if necessary * • Building Self-Esteem • Stress Management Skills Stress is the body’s and mind’s reaction to everday demands. * • Examining the messages you send yourself • Focusing on the things you do well Self-esteem is the confidence and worth that you feel about yourself. * • Rechanneling your energy • Relaxing • Laughing * • Accessing Reliable Information • Consider the source • Consider the “angle” • Getting Help • Think of people in your life who can offer assistance • Learn about resources in your community • Learn about print and electronic resources * The Decision-Making Model • You must be a critical thinker and problem solver Practicing Decision-Making Skills * 6 steps designed to protect your rights, health, and selfrespect while representing the rights, health, and selfrespect of others: • • • • • • State the Situation List the Possible Options Weight the Possible Outcomes Consider Your Values Make a Decision and Take Action Evaluate Your decision * The more you practice something, the better you will become at it. Think about something you have done in your own life that first started as a failure or complete disaster. Now think about how much better you are at that same skill! * A goal is something you aim for that takes planning and work. A goal involves planning, which means you need time. Short-term goals are something you can accomplish in 5 minutes or within 30 days Long-term goals may take months or even years to achieve A long-term goal often includes short-term goals * An action plan is a multi-step strategy for identifying and achieving goals. Goals for Life- What are your personal goals today? Right Now? • Make sure your goals will not negatively impact health • It should be respectful • It should help you grow, not beat someone • Failure is meant to help you reset goals * Select a goal to work on List what you will do to reach the goal Identify sources of help and support Set a reasonable time frame for reaching your goal • Establish checkpoints to evaluate your progress • Reward yourself after reaching your goal • • • • * Mental health is generally having a positive outlook, being comfortable with yourself and others, and being able to meet life’s challenges and demands. • Realistic about their strengths and weaknesses • Responsible for their personal behavior • Avoid high-risk behaviors, such as using tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs • Open-minded and flexible • Fun-loving and able to relax alone or with others • Respect both their own and others’ needs • Respect everyone’s value as a human being-including you • Express their emotion in ways that do not hurt themselves or others • Invest time & energy into nourishing relationships • Put their talents and abilities to good use • View change as a challenge and opportunity * • All-or-Nothing thinking • Expecting the “worst” in others or yourself • Being a perfectionist • Letting your actions or words betray your values * • List your assets or strengths • Surround yourself with positive, supportive people • Find something that you love to do, and do it frequently • Stop making life a contest • Help someone else * • The Role of Positive & Negative Feedback • Self-Talk * Feedback are messages from others that indicate who they think you are or what they think you are like. Starts when you are a baby By the time you start high school the feedback plays a role in how you perceive yourself * Negative self-talk is hurtful or non-constructive message that you send yourself Replace any negative self-talk with constructive feedback Mistakes are a way of life- it’s how we learn and get better! * Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a ranked list of those needs essential to human growth and development presented in ascending order from the most basic to the most fulfilling or satisfying. * • At the bottom • Satisfy hunger, thirst, sleep… * • The need to be loved • The need to belong • The need to be valued and recognized * Aesthetic, or artistic. • We need to understand and appreciate the different forms of beauty • Also implies the need for balance and order in our lives • Balance and order can affect our behavior and mental health * Self-actualization is striving to become the best that you can be • Having goals that motivate and inspire you • Is a lifelong process • Not all your needs can be met all of the time * Personality is a complete set of characteristics that make you unique and sets you apart from everyone else. Includes your emotional makeup, attitude, thoughts, behaviors, and more Psychologists are professionals with doctoral degrees who diagnose and treat emotional and behavioral disorders. • View personality as one window on a person’s mental health * • Personality and Heredity • Personality and Environment • Personality and Personal Behavior * • You inherit physical traits- hair and eye color, shape of your nose and ears, body type and height • You inherit intellectual abilities and well as temperament * Environment includes your surroundings, your family, friends, neighborhood, and all other places, and people you experience Modeling means copying the behaviors of those you are exposed to * • You have the most control over your personal behavior and how it influences your personality • How you make decisions • What decisions you make • Actions you take * Emotions are signals that tell your mind and body how to react • Are neither good or bad. Simply the way you respond to input from outside your body Emotions of fear Emotions of joy Emotions of anger Fight or Flight Need to learn how to deal with your emotions * • Love • Empathy • • Fear • Anger • Guilt * Involves strong affection, deep concern, and respect It comes in many forms https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pBHo_FVBM5o&feature=player_detailpage * Empathy the ability to imagine and understand how someone else is feeling Better able to help others in need Can offer insight and understanding Need to experience this with balance * Sympathetic nervous system creates a fight of flight scenario in your body Your body prepares for necessary action- increased blood flow, heart rate, breathing Phobias are irrational fears * Need to keep it in check and determine how you are going to respond to it as it happens Hostility is the intentional use of unfriendly or nasty behavior Can be damaging to you and the person you are hostile toward * Is an emotional response when you think you have done something wrong Guilt can be associated with low self-esteem May choose to feel guilt over attempting to do something out of fear of failing * Strong emotions are common during the teen years Thank you hormones! Remember you are not alone * • It is never too late to learn new, healthful ways to express your emotions • Look below your emotion • Will it matter tomorrow? • Investigate-don’t jump in and regret later • These are feelings-not fact • Listen to the emotion, may be a signal of danger • Use positive feelings to inspire you • Remember you are not alone • Seek help if you need to and don’t be ashamed! * • Defense Mechanisms • Handling Fear • Managing Anger • Dealing with Guilt * Defense mechanisms are strategies used to deal with strong or stressful emotions and situations. Keep you from facing and dealing with the trouble Common defense mechanisms: Repression, Suppression, Rationalization, Regression, Denial, Compensation, Projection, and Idealization * • Identify your fear • Confide in someone you trust for a fresh perspective • Find a constructive way to decrease the fear • Find a resource you can turn to * Manage your anger by recognizing your feelings and if possible, identify the source of those feelings. Diffuse your anger so you don’t act on impulse and regret it later How can you diffuse anger? * • Can be one of the most destructive emotions • Find the source • Avoid what causes you guilt * • Your outlook on life- are you a pessimist or optimist? • Resiliency • the ability to adapt effectively and recover from disappointment, difficulty, or crisis. • Resilient people are able to bounce back quicker, show an ability to survive and thrive, and don’t easily get overwhelmed • They face the challenge head-on * Stress is the body’s and mind’s reaction to everyday demands or threats. Stress is part of your daily life. The stress may be minor, or play a big impact on your well-being Stress can be good or bad * Distress, or negative stress Eustress, positive stress Acceptable levels of stress may even help you focus and concentrate better * • Biological stressors • Environmental stressors • Cognitive or thinking stressors • Personal behavior stressors • Life situations * The nervous system and endocrine system are active in your body’s response to stressors Your response is often involuntary, or automatic • Alarm • Resistance • Fatigue * Alarm is the first stage in the stress response, when the body and mind go on high alert. Adrenaline is the “emergency hormone” secreted by the adrenal glands to prepare the body to respond to a stressor. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions is activated by the pituitary gland The heart speeds up, more blood is sent to the brain, breathing increases, etc. * Resistance is the second stage in the stress response, when the body tries to repair its damage from the stressful event and return to its normal state. Physical resistance reaches its peak. May be able to accomplish incredible feats of strength because it functions at a higher-than-normal level. If at this level for too long, the body and mind will start to have problems. * Fatigue is the third stage of the stress response, resulting in a tired feeling that lowers one’s level of activity If stressed out for long periods of time the body and mind get worn down. Physical- lactic acid from the muscles and carbon dioxide from cells Pathological-tiredness brought on by the body’s defenses in fighting diseases, poor nutrition, anemia, the flu… Psychological- constant worry, overwork, depression, boredom, isolation * Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that can be impacted and cause sleep disturbances, panic attacks, and low enjoyment. Stress tolerance is the amount of stress that you can handle before you reach a state of too much stress * Type A is a competitive, high-achieving personality type most likely to develop heart disease Type B a “laid back,” non-competitive personality type less likely to suffer from heart disease Type A personalities relieve stress with work and Type B personalities tend to hold on to stress * Hard personality is a personality type that seems able to stay healthy despite major or even traumatic stressors have a higher degree of resilience Change- likes and welcome change Commitment- has a strong sense of purpose Control- sense of power about his or her feelings Learning what stressors are common to adolescents can help you cope Share feelings of stress with your peers can help * • Stress & High Blood Pressure • Stress & Headache • Stress & Asthma • Stress & Immune Response • Psychosomatic Response to Stress * • Mental & emotional stress can create an in cholesterol levels • Cholesterol is a fatty substance that blocks arteries • If too high, BP goes up and then puts you at risk for heart disease and stroke * • Most adults and half of teens experience HA • Many are related to tension- muscles in neck and head contract • Can also be caused by hormone changes, food additives, fluorescent lights, change in air pressure, etc. • As arteries open up, the nerve endings press into artery walls, causing severe throbbing, possible loss of balance, and mood changes * • Asthma has many triggers and causes, including stress • The bronchioles constrict, and there is less air getting into the lungs * • Can impact your immune system so you are unable to fight disease as well • More prone to colds, flus, or cancers • Add in tobacco or alcohol use and you put yourself at high risk for serious problems * Psychosomatic response is a physical disorder that results from stress rather than from an injury or illness. • Psycho- means “of the mind” • Somatic- means “of the body” • May be minor or severe • Sleep disorders, skin disorders, stomachaches, digestive problems, and headaches * * • A first step in stress management is identifying the source of the stress * 1st step is to eliminate the stressor 2nd step is to change the way you perceive ore react to the stressor Physical activity is one technique for handling stress • • • • Planning Rechanneling energy Relaxing Laughing * • Decide in advance • what you want • what you need • what is expected • Planning adds confidence • Better able to deal with changes, disappointment, frustrations, or delays when they happen. * • Set and prioritize goals • Budget your time • Learn to say no • Slow down * Rechanneling means transferring or redirecting your energies • Turn negative energy into positive actions and thoughts. * The relaxation response is a state of deep rest that can be reached if one or more relaxation techniques are practiced regularly • Take time to rest, enjoy yourself, and simply be • Deep breathing, thinking pleasant thoughts, repetitive exercise, and stretching * A support group, an informal or formal gathering of people who meet and share experiences, feelings, and trust • Support can help you to deal with the stressors • Parents, teachers, coaches, siblings, close friends, clergy, neighbors, or peer helpers * Time management skills are specific strategies for planning and using time in effective, healthful ways Priorities are those goals, tasks, or activities that you judge as more important to do than others • With priorities you determine order and ranking based on most important or necessary * • Any loss or change can be stressful and may feel minor or major • Does not have to have a dollar value to be important • Sometimes an emotional attachment to an object, situation, pet, or person can make its loss even more painful * Stage 1: Denial Stage 2: Anger Stage 3: Bargaining Stage 4: Depression Stage 5: Acceptance * A grief reaction is an individual’s total response to a major loss Can take many forms and stages Hope operates through all five stages Denial- Cannot believe the loss has occurred Anger- “Why me?” and the person may be critical, demanding, or uncooperative Bargaining- Promise to change if there is a different outcome Depression- often marked by silence and withdrawal. A deep sense of quiet sadness Acceptance- there is a sense of power, facing reality in constructive ways • • • • • • • Be available Be a good listener Avoid making suggestions Be patient Share fond memories Respect the person’s grieving process Write a note * Closure is coming to an end of the most intense parts of the grieving process • The person may need to “relive” the events over and over * Delayed grief response, a putting off of the most intense stages of grief • Some are so traumatized that they feel paralyzed and stop coping altogether • Seeking a counselor may prove helpful * A mental disorder is an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life. • An Organic disorder is one that is clearly caused by a physical illness or injury that affects the brain. • Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections • A functional disorder may occur as the result of psychological causes in which no clear brain damage is involved. • Stress, emotional conflict, fear, or poor coping skills • Result from chemical imbalances in the brain • Anxiety Disorder • Somatoform Disorders • Affective Disorders • Personality Disorders * An anxiety disorder is an illness in which real, imagined, or persistent fears prevent a person from enjoying life. continuous, chronic anxiety • • • • • Phobias Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder * • A person goes to extreme measures to avoid the fearproducing object or activity • A person may be unable to carry out daily activities • Possibly related to some past experience that was upsetting * • A person is trapped in a pattern of repeated behaviors or thoughts. • Obsessions are persistent, recurrent, unwanted thoughts or ideas that keep people from thinking of other things • Compulsions are urgent, repeated, irresistible behaviors * • When fear or anxiety prevails and gets in the way of every day life. • The person may feel anxious, fearful, and upset • “panic attacks” • Trembling, heart racing, shortness of breath, dizziness, or a fear of losing control • There are certain triggers that cause it * • A person has experienced or witnessed a traumatic event • Has severe and long-lasting aftereffects • Common in military and rape survivors, natural disaster survivors • Flashbacks, feelings of guilt, nightmares, emotional numbness, dreams, extreme reactin * Somatoform Disorders describes an illness in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found. Hypochondria- a preoccupation with the body and fear of presumed diseases that are not present. * Affective disorder, a mood disorder, is an illness with an organic cause that relates to emotions and may involve mood swings extremes that interfere with everyday living. • Long and severe mood swings that can lead to extreme behaviors * Clinical Depression • Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair for more than a few weeks • Can affect your ability to concentrate, sleep, perform at school or work, or handle everyday challenges. • Often runs in families and can be biologically based or caused by an accumulation of trauma or stressors * Bipolar Disorder • Is a psychological illness characterized by extreme mood swings between depression and extreme happiness, or mania. • During manic periods you may feel extremely happy or energetic • Often the “high” ends abruptly and a deep depression sets in. • Between periods you may behave normally. * Personality disorders include a variety or psychological conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along with others. • Often at odds with others and do not see their part in the problem • No apparent distinct signs or symptoms • May be harmful to the person on those around them * • Antisocial Personality Disorder • Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder • Schizophrenia * • Characterized by a person’s constant conflict with society • Cruel, uncaring, irresponsible, and impulsive • Can distinguish between right and wrong but doesn’t care about others’ feelings or society’s rules * • Are often uncooperative with others • Resent being told what to do, yet rely on others’ direction • May act out indirectly * • A serious mental disorder meaning “split mind” • Affects 1-2% of population • Most common in ages 15-35 • May behave inappropriately, exhibit abnormal emotional responses, or no emotional responses • Others hallucinate, hear voices, talk to themselves, act in an odd manner, or neglect themselves • Causes may be from a physical disorder or genetic in nature * Depression, feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness. • Life can be overwhelming, especially during the teen years • Can be further complicated by troubling life events • You can feel alienation and complete despair * Suicide and suicidal behavior are not normal responses to stresses experienced by most people. High risk youth are often depressed, isolated, and angry Over 50% of suicidal teens are considered depressed Other risk factors include abuse, violence, or other type of abuse, prior suicide attempts, firearms in house, jail time, etc… * Recognizing signs can mean the difference between life and death. Verbal Signs: • direct statements, indirect statements, or poems, song lyrics, diary entries about death. Nonverbal/Behavioral Signs: • depression/hopelessness • lack of energy/zest for life • violent actions • extreme sensitivity • personality changes * Most suicide thoughts are temporary, death is permanent Helping Others: • Show you care • Take any potential suicide seriously. Actively listen, be empathetic • Stress the temporary nature of the problem. There is professional help available • Make it clear you understand their plan, but emphasize that suicide is not the option • Ask the person if they have a specific plan • Suggest they talk to a parent, or other trusted adult • Do not agree to “keep a secret.” * 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. State the situation List the options Weight the possible outcomes Consider your values Make a decision and act Evaluate the decision * Cluster suicides or rash of suicides occurring within a short space of time and involving several people in the same school or community • oral or written agreements/pacts • guilt felt by the survivor is intolerable if the pact fails * Recognizing early warning signs of mental disorders is one key to getting them help: • Prolonged sadness for no specific reason • Hopelessness- sensing life is out of control • Violent or erratic mood shifts • Inability to concentrate or make decisions about every day life • Fear, anxiety, or anger at the world • Severe sleep disturbances • Compulsive behaviors such as repeated handwashing • Self-destructive behaviors • Frequent physical ailments with medical cause * A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental disorders and can prescribe medications Deals with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders of the mind Uses many techniques: Psychotherapy- ongoing dialogue Psychoanalysis- analysis of patient’s past Medical Psychotherapy- uses meds in conjunction w/or as preparation for above two treatments * Neurologist or physician who specializes in organic disorders of the brain and nervous system. Clinical Psychologist is a psychologist who diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders by cannot prescribe medications. * Counselors- there are many kinds of counselors who help in personal and educational matters. Psychiatric Social Worker- is one who has concentrated on psychiatric casework, doing fieldwork in a mental hospital, mental health clinic, or family service agency that provides guidance and treatment for clients with emotional problems * • Many are now seeking professional help • Many are working hard to change the situation • If you or know someone who has a mental problem, you no longer have to suffer in silence • Get the support and help you need *