Download MENDEL AND BIOINFORMATICS

FOLIA MENDELIANA 51/2
Supplementum ad Acta Musei Moraviae
C, 2015
MENDEL AND BIOINFORMATICS
PAVEL OŠMERA
Institute of Automation and Computer Science
Brno University of Technology, Technická 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
osmera @ fme.vutbr.cz
ABSTRACT – We are trying to piece together the knowledge of evolution with the help of
biology, informatics and physics to create a complex evolutionary structure. It can speed up the
creation of optimization algorithms with high quality features. The role of Darwinian selection
process, Mendelians genetics, Lamarckian inheritance, Baldwin effect and Dawkins theory of
memes are very important. All results of integrated evolution are kept in four different
memories. It is impossible to describe all problems only by Mendel or Darwin or Lamarck or
Baldwin or Dawkins; only all these theories together can cover the evolution on the whole.
Scientific discussion of evolution date back than 200 years Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
wrote extensively about evolution. Lamarck was the first person to support the idea of
evolution with logical arguments and was also the first person to put forth and hypothesis
concerning the mechanisms of evolutionary change. He suggested that living organisms
have the ability to change gradually over many generations by the inheritance of structure
that have become larger and more highly developed as a result of continued use or,
conversely, have diminished in size as a result of disuse. Only part of evolutionary changes
has been related with the mechanisms proposed by Lamarck.
Darwin suggested that slight variation among individuals significantly affects the
change that a given individual will survive and reproduce. He called this differential
reproductive success of varying individuals natural selection. Darwin recognized that the
reproductive rates of organisms are so high that they would result in enormous population
increases if all the offspring survived. Therefore, Darwin reasoned, mortality must increase
as population density increases and competition for space, food, shelter, and other
environmental necessities becomes sever, and predation and disease become more
prevalent. Individuals affect future generation not only though own offspring but also by
helping the survival of relatives who contain the same genes as a result of descent from
a common ancestor.
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) accurately observed patterns of inheritance and proposed
a mechanism to account for some of the patterns. Genes determine individual traits. Various
kinds of offspring appear in proportion that can be predicted from Mendel’s laws. We often
use the term Mendelian genetics to refer to the most basic patterns of inheritance in sexually
reproducing organisms with more then one chromosome. Mendel gave his classic paper
Experiments in Plant Hybrids for Natural Science Society in Brno in 1865. Mendel observed
that the spherical seed trait was dominant, being expressed over the dented seed trait, which
he called recessive. The physical appearance of a character is its phenotype, which Mendel
correctly supposed to be the result of the genotype, or genetic constitution, of organism
showing the phenotype. Genetics after Mendel: alleles and their interaction.
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