* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 2008 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
DNA-encoded chemical library wikipedia , lookup
Synthetic biology wikipedia , lookup
Biomolecular engineering wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Sexual reproduction wikipedia , lookup
Mendelian inheritance wikipedia , lookup
Molecular paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Cell (biology) wikipedia , lookup
History of biology wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Cell theory wikipedia , lookup
State switching wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Developmental biology wikipedia , lookup
2008 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST - STATE FINALS - - This Test Consists of 50 Questions - - Biology Test Production Team Donna Ford, John A. Logan College – Author/Team Leader Julie Ellis, Kaskaskia College – Author Keith Krapf, John A. Logan College – Reviewer Don Wayman, WYSE – Coordinator of Test Production GENERAL DIRECTIONS Please read the following instructions carefully. This is a timed test; any instructions from the test supervisor should be followed promptly. The test supervisor will give instructions for filling in any necessary information on the answer sheet. Most Academic Challenge sites will ask you to indicate your answer to each question by marking an oval that corresponds to the correct answer for that question. Only one oval should be marked to answer each question. Multiple ovals will automatically be graded as an incorrect answer. Be sure ovals are marked as . Not as , , , etc. If you wish to change an answer, erase your first mark completely before marking your new choice. You are advised to use your time effectively and to work as rapidly as you can without losing accuracy. Do not waste your time on questions that seem too difficult for you. Go on to the other questions, and then come back to the difficult ones later if time remains. *** TIME: 40 MINUTES *** DO NOT OPEN TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO! © 2008 Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering “WYSE”, “Worldwide Youth in Science and Engineering” and the “WYSE Design” are service marks of and this work is Copyright © 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign. All rights reserved. WYSE – Academic Challenge Biology Test (State Finals) – 2008 1. In bird classification, having a dorsal nerve cord would be considered a(n) ____ and having feathers would be considered a(n) ____. a. b. c. d. e. derived trait; ancestral trait plesiomorphic trait; ancestral trait synapomorphic trait; plesiomorphic trait derived trait; plesiomorphic trait ancestral trait; derived trait 2. Which valve is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the human heart? a. aoritc b. pulmonary c. mitral d. tricuspid e. bicuspid 3. Match the reproductive isolating factors in Column A with their definitions in Column B. Column A Column B 1. temporal isolation 2. mechanical isolation 3. behavioral isolation i. mating dances ii. time of day, month, or year when sexually active iii. stay within a specific location during mating season iv. structural differences in genitals 4. habitat isolation Select the correct matching sequence. a. b. c. d. e. 1 – i; 1 – iv; 1 – ii; 1 – ii; 1 – iii; 2 – iv; 2 – i; 2 – iv; 2 – iii; 2 – i; 3 – ii; 3 – iii; 3 – i; 3 – iv; 3 – iv; 4 – iii 4 – ii 4 – iii 4–i 4 – ii 4. Nancy fills a 1000 ml beaker with 500 ml of pure distilled water. She then obtains a piece of dialysis tubing and ties one end so that she can fill the tubing with 30 ml of a glucose solution. After filing the dialysis tubing and leaving some extra space in it, she ties the other end and places it into the distilled water. After an hour, Nancy measures the liquid inside the dialysis tubing which is now 35 ml. Which of the following statements is/are true about the experiment? a. The dialysis membrane is permeable to the water in the beaker. b. The solvent is at a higher concentration outside the tubing then inside. c. Osmosis occurred because there was an equal amount of solvent and solute inside the tubing at the beginning of the experiment. d. Since the distilled water has a higher solute concentration than the solution inside the tubing, through osmosis there was a gain of water in the dialysis tubing. e. Both a and b are true. 5. Enlarged or inflamed veins around the rectal area are called ____. a. hemorrhoids b. aneurisms c. tumors d. thromboses e. embolisms 2008 State Finals Biology – 2 6. Which of the following is not a carbohydrate? a. lactose b. chitin c. keratin d. glucose e. cellulose 7. Which meninx is the outer most tough layer? a. b. c. d. e. arachnoid mater dura mater pia mater visceral peritoneum parietal peritoneum 8. A solution with a pH of 8 would have ____ fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 3. a. 10 b. 100 c. 1000 d. 10,000 e. 100,000 9. Select the proper anticodon sequence for the following section of DNA ATGCATGCA a. b. c. d. e. AUGCAUGCA TACGTACGT UACGUACGU TUCGUACGT TGCATCGAT 10. When calculating map units, ____. a. b. c. d. e. only the number of offspring without the recombinant traits are considered the percentage of recombinants are necessary to know only the organisms with the homozygous genotype are used a karyotype is used to determine the map units between traits the sex of the organism is necessary to know 11. Which of the following traits is found in angiosperms and not in any gymnosperms? a. b. c. d. e. double fertilization seed bearing secondary xylem ovary wall heterosporous 12. Beta carotene, vitamin A, and retinal all have ____ units in their structure. a. choline b. amino c. isoprene d. glycerol e. phosphate 13. Which statement about lactate fermentation is not true? a. b. c. d. e. Eighty percent of the lactate produced in human muscle cells goes to the liver. Lactate fermentation takes place in human muscle cells if oxygen is not available. During lactate fermentation two ATP are produced. Some bacteria can undergo lactate fermentation. Lactate fermentation produces both an acid and alcohol. 2008 State Finals Biology – 3 14. In an operon, the operator region ____. a. b. c. d. e. is upstream from the structural gene can be blocked by the repressor protein is a switch that controls mRNA synthesis overlaps the promoter region all the above 15. If an organism had the following genotype: AaBbDDEe, how many gamete possibilities could there be? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. none of these choices 16. One water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to ____ other water molecules. a. 5 b. 4 c. 3 d. 2 e. 1 17. Match the animal classes in Column A with their examples in Column B. Column A Column B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. i. ii. iii. iv. v. Merostomata Arachnida Insecta Polychaeta Oligochaeta earthworm horseshoe crab clam worm beetle black widow spider Select the correct matching order. a. b. c. d. e. 1 – ii; 1 – iv; 1 – ii; 1 – i; 1 – iv; 2 – v; 2 – v; 2 – iii; 2 – ii; 2 – iii; 3 – iv; 3 – i; 3 – iv; 3 – iii; 3 – v; 4 – iii; 4 – iii; 4 – ii; 4 – iv; 4 – i; 5–i 5 – ii 5–i 5–v 5 – ii 18. Chlorophyll is found in the ____ of the chloroplasts in plant cells. a. thylakoid membrane b. stroma c. cristae d. matrix e. vacuole 19. Kingdom Protista ____. a. b. c. d. e. contains only heterotrophs contains only aquatic organisms is a monophyletic group contains single cell organisms and multi cell organisms all the above 2008 State Finals Biology – 4 20. Refer to the experimental data in the following table and determine which environmental condition least affects the hatching rate of tadpoles. a. pH 5 Environmental Conditions Number Hatched (out of 50) Control 45 pH 5 38 pH 3 10 Salinity 1% 41 Salinity 5% 30 Temperature 40o C 38 c. 40o C b. Salinity 1% d. pH 3 e. Salinity 5% 21. The endoplasmic reticulum lumen is connected to the ____. a. b. c. d. e. Golgi apparatus membrane mitochondrial outer membrane nuclear membrane lysosomal membrane all the above 22. Cells communicate with one another mainly by producing ____. a. carbohydrates b. nucleic acids c. proteins d. lipids e. alcohols 23. Use the following DNA segment and codon information in order to determine the amino acid sequence if there is a base substitution mutation where the first guanine is changed to adenine. DNA – CATACCGGGAAATAC AUG – methionine GUA – valine UCC – serine a. b. c. d. e. CCC – proline UGG – tryptophan AAA – lysine AGG – arginine UUU – phenylalanine CAU – histidine lysine – arginine – methionine – valine – proline valine – proline – serine – phenylalanine – methionine histidine – tryptophan – serine – phenylalanine – methionine valine – tryptophan – serine – phenylalanine – methionine histidine – lysine – arginine – phenylalanine – methionine 2008 State Finals Biology – 5 24. The thermocline is an area of a lake that ____. a. b. c. d. e. is found during the summer months mixes oxygenated and non oxygenated water during the summer has an abrupt increase in temperature is photosynthetic all the above 25. Which modified leaf part is not correctly matched? a. b. c. d. e. bud scales – leaves tubers – roots tendrils – leaves pneumatophores – roots receptacle – stem 26. Which of the following is not part of the human brain? a. diencephalon b. midbrain c. pons d. medulla oblongata e. fimbriae 27. Which statement is not true? a. b. c. d. e. During glycolysis, ATP is produced by substrate – level phosphorylation. Chemiosmosis produces the most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration. ATP synthase is the enzyme in which hydrogen ions pass through to produce ATP. The electron transport system in bacteria takes place in the mitochondria. Pyruvate gives off a carbon dioxide to become an acetyl group. 28. Density-dependent factors ____. a. b. c. d. e. may include disease and predation usually include killing frosts and hurricanes are usually abiotic all of the above none of the above 29. Guinea pigs can have black or brown hair and the hair can be short or long in length. Black – B is dominant to brown – b and short hair – D is dominant to long hair – d. A male guinea pig has black long hair and is crossed with a female guinea pig with brown short hair. The genotype of the parents must be ____ for the male and ____ for the female if their offspring are black long hair, black short hair, brown short hair, and brown long hair. a. b. c. d. e. BBdd; bbDD Bbdd; bbDd BbDd; BbDd BBDD; bbdd Not enough information is provided to determine the parent’s genotypes. 2008 State Finals Biology – 6 30. Which of the following is alive? a. b. c. d. e. Influenza Rabies E. coli Mad cow disease all of the above 31. Enantiomers are ____. a. b. c. d. e. molecules that are carbohydrates isomers that are mirror images of each other isotopes that are mirror images of each other neuropeptides that block pain chemical stimulants 32. mRNA ____. a. b. c. d. e. can be synthesized by the enzyme reverse transcriptase attaches to the large subunit of the ribosome carries the amino acids is formed by using the template DNA strand all the above 33. Cilia have a ____arrangement of microtubules. a. 9 + 2 b. 9 + 3 c. 9 + 4 d. 9 + 6 e. 9 + 9 34. Mendel’s Principle of Segregation explains ____. a. b. c. d. e. the many possibilities for alleles in gametes how some alleles blend in their expression why only one chromosome from each pair enters the gametes the process of crossing over why some traits seem to be inherited together 35. Which of the following statements is not true? a. If an organism's sex cell contains 13 chromosomes, its somatic cell would contain 26 chromosomes. b. If a body cell with 46 chromosomes has 23 chromosomes following Meiosis I, it will have 46 chromosomes following Meiosis II. c. Crossing over occurs during Meiosis I, in Prophase I. d. In trisomy 21, a human body cell would contain 47 chromosomes. e. During cytokinesis a cell plate forms between plant daughter cells. 2008 State Finals Biology – 7 36. Which of the following statements is not true? a. An abnormality in human body cells missing a chromosome would be described as monosomic. b. Polyploidy is common in plants and lethal to humans. c. During mitosis, cells normally start with diploid numbers of chromosomes and the resulting daughter cells also contain diploid numbers of chromosomes. d. Independent assortment, chance, and crossing over can lead to variations among offspring. e. Monosomy is due to nondisjunction during prophase II of meoisis. 37. Which of the following is not true? a. The mitochondrion is associated with the production of adenosine triphosphate through the process of cellular respiration. b. Lysosomes aid in building cellular vacuoles along with other anabolic reactions. c. The stroma of the chloroplast is most closely associated with the light independent reactions of photosynthesis. d. Carbon dioxide fixation takes place during the evening in CAM plants. e. The endoplasmic reticulum may be associated with lipid synthesis, protein synthesis, transport, and detoxification. 38. Match the terms in Column A with the definition that best describes them in Column B. Column A Column B 1. ecotone i. the process of community development over time where one organism will replace another organism ii. a transition area where two or more communities meet iii. a close association between two or more species iv. two or more organisms seek out the same resources 2. symbiosis 3. competition 4. succession Select the correct matching order. a. b. c. d. e. 1 – ii; 1 – iii; 1 – ii; 1 – i; 1 – iv; 2 – iii; 2 – ii; 2 – iii; 2 – ii; 2 – iii; 3 – iv; 3 – iv; 3 – i; 3 – iii; 3 – ii; 4–i 4–i 4 – iv 4 – iv 4–i 39. Which of the following features is not common to sharks? a. b. c. d. e. placoid scales lateral line swim bladder endoskeleton cloaca 40. Which of the following plant tissue type and cell types are not correctly matched? a. b. c. d. e. ground tissue – cork cells vascular tissue – tracheids dermal tissue – guards cells vascular tissue – companion cells ground tissue – parenchyma cells 2008 State Finals Biology – 8 41. Match the scientists in Column A with their most associated area of study in Column B. Column A 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Column B Alfred Wallace Robert Whittaker Louis Pasteur Francis Crick Melvin Calvin i. ii. iii. iv. v. Microbiology Molecular biology Cell physiology Taxonomy Evolution Select the correct matching order. a. b. c. d. e. 1 – v; 1 – iv; 1 – ii; 1 – v; 1 – iii; 2 – iii; 2 – v; 2 – iv; 2 – iv; 2 – v; 3 – ii; 3 – i; 3 – i; 3 – i; 3 – ii; 4 – i; 4 – iii; 4 – v; 4 – ii; 4 – iv; 5 – iv 5 – ii 5 – iii 5 – iii 5–i 42. DNA can sometimes repair itself if there is damage. If a nucleotide excision repair occurs then the following enzymes are used ____. a. b. c. d. e. DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, and DNA helicase DNA helicase, nuclease, and DNA primase DNA primase, DNA helicase, and RNA polymerase DNA ligase, DNA helicase, and DNA primase nuclease, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase 43. Which of the following is not a monomer for an organic polymer? a. glycerol b. amino acid c. nucleotide d. glucose e. monosaccharide 44. Which of the following is not correct? a. The transverse or horizontal plane divides the human body into superior and inferior portions. b. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sides. c. The mediastinum is located in the abdominal cavity. d. The human heart is surrounded by a tough fibrous membrane called the fibrous pericardium. e. The coronal suture is located between the frontal and parietal bones of the human skull. 45. Conidiophores produce ____. a. b. c. d. e. sexual spores hypha asexual spores haustoria both a and d 2008 State Finals Biology – 9 46. Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Coenzymes become oxidized when they give up, or lose, hydrogen atoms. b. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four macromolecules of living organisms. c. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are the most common elements found in living organisms. d. Acids release hydrogen ions and bases release hydroxide ions. e. A buffer helps maintain pH with its ability to take up or release hydroxide ions. 47. Which is not correct? a. In a monohybrid genetics problem, if two heterozygous individuals mate, they would expect a 3 : 1 phenotype ratio and a 1 : 2 : 1 genotype ratio. b. In a dihybrid genetics problem, if a plant heterozygous for both traits was crossed with a plant homozygous dominant for both traits, they would expect a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 genotype ratio. c. In a monohybrid genetics problem, if a homozygous recessive plant was crossed with a heterozygous plant, they would expect a 3 : 1 phenotype ratio. d. In a dihybrid genetics problem, if a plant homozygous recessive for both traits was crossed with a plant heterozygous for both traits, they would expect a 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 genotype ratio. e. In a dihybrid genetics problem, if the two plants crossed were heterozygous for both traits, they would expect a 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 phenotype ratio. 48. Which of the following is not correct? a. The proper order of the stages of the cell cycle is: interphase, anaphase, metaphase, prophase, and telophase. b. During metaphase, duplicated chromosomes line up on the equator or metaphase plate of the cell. c. During mitosis in animal cells, centrioles will move to opposite poles. d. During telophase the nuclear envelope reforms. e. Both a and c 49. ATP is produced during ____. a. b. c. d. e. the citric acid cycle glycolysis chemiosmosis light dependent reactions of photosynthesis all of the above. 50. Gibberillins, auxins, cytokinins, and ____ are all plant hormones. a. b. c. d. e. pectin lignin abscisic acid abscission both c and d 2008 State Finals